A. dispersion
B. Optical SNR
C. span attenuation
D. four wave mixing
E. receiver sensitivity

A. the K1 SONET byte； the K2 SONET byte
B. the K2 SONET byte；the K1 SONET byte
C. transmitter switching；receiver detection
D. Line Overhead bytes；Path Overhead bytes
E. Path Overhead bytes；Line Overhead bytes

A. SDH circuit over a SONET network delivering it as an SDH signal
B. SDH circuit over a SONET network delivering it as a SONET signal
C. SONET circuit over an SDH network delivering it as an SDH signal
D. SONET circuit over an SDH network delivering it as a SONET signal

A. trunking
B. squelching
C. nodal bypass
D. bridge and roll
E. node failure insertion

A. Traffic is switched from the first node receiving the AIS indication.
B. Traffic is switched from the far side of the failure, allowing handshaking to occur.
C. UPSR traffic is switched from the terminating node, BLSR traffic is rerouted from the originating node in the ring.
D. UPSR traffic is switched from the terminating node, circuit by circuit. BLSR traffic is rerouted from the last reachable node in the ring.

A. Each fiber has half of its SONET capacity reserved for protection.
B. Two fibers in the span carry working traffic, while the other two fibers in the span are reserved for protection.
C. The signal is sent simultaneously in both directions around the ring. The receiver determines which fiber to listen to based on signal quality.
D. The signal is sent simultaneously in both directions around the ring. The transmitter determines which fiber has the working bit set for the receiver to acknowledge.

A. DS-1; E1
B. DS-1; STM-1
C. OC-3; STM-1
D. STS-1; STM-1
E. OC-192; STM-192

A.AMI
B.ESF
C.DUS
D.SSM
E.B3ZS
F.B8ZS

A.DUS
B.line timing
C.loop timing
D.internal timing
E.through timing

A. ESF
B. PRS
C. DUS
D. SMC
E. B8ZS

A. J0 errors detected in a specified interval
B. errors detected in a given Errored Second (ES)
C. errors detected in a given Severely Errored Second (SES)
D. errors the encryption algorithm detects in a specified interval
E. Bit Interleaved Parity (BIP) errors detected in a specified interval