A.Designated Root Cost
B.bridge ID priority
C.max age
D.bridge ID MAC address
E.Designated Root Priority
F.forward delay

A.one global STP instance for all VLANs
B.one STP instance for each VLAN
C.one STP instance per set of VLANs
D.one STP instance per set of bridges

A.Attempt to TELNET from the router connected to the inside of the firewall to the router connected to theoutside of the firewall. If telnet works， BGP will work， since telnet and BGP both use TCP to transportdata.
B.Ping from the router connected to the inside interface of the firewall to the router connected to theoutside interface of the firewall. If you can ping between them， BGP should work， since BGP uses IP totransport packets.
C.There is no way to make BGP work across a firewall without special configuration， so there is no simpletest that will show you if BGP will work or not， other than trying to start the peering session.
D.There is no way to make BGP work across a firewall.

A.ip pim rp-address
B.ip pim ssm
C.ip pim sparse-mode
D.ip pim passive

A.MD5
B.There is no Type 0 authentication
C.SHA1
D.Null

A.UDP/1812
B.UDP/1813
C.TCP/1812
D.TCP/1813

A.The MPLS header is 2 bytes，and the EXP field is 3 bits long.
B.The MPLS header is 1 byte，and the EXP field is 3 bits long.
C.The MPLS header is 4 bytes，and the EXP field is 3 bits long.
D.The MPLS header is 3 bytes，and the EXP field is 3 bits long.

A.RED randomly drops packets before the queue becomes full.
B.RED is always useful，without dependency on flow.
C.RED increases the drop rate as the average queue size increases.
D.RED has a per-flow intelligence.

A.ip rsvp bandwidth 100000 1000
B.ip rsvp bandwidth 100000 1
C.ip rsvp bandwidth 10 1
D.ip rsvp bandwidth 1000000 1000

A.HTTP
B.RTP
C.streaming video
D.BitTorrent
E.POP3

A.all active AVF routers as the first response is used by the client
B.the AVG router，replying with a different AVF MAC address each time
C.a random AVF router，based on a GLBP seed hash key
D.only the AVG router that received the ARP request first