“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category.
A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.
Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated, do conversational implicatures arise.
The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.