问答题

Spare a Kidney?
It is no longer unusual for a spouse or relative to donate a kidney to a loved one，but the number of Americans who have given a kidney to a friend，a co-worker or even a complete stranger has risen sharply from 68 in 1994 to 176 in 1998．
There are many reasons．First，it's possible to live a normal life with only one kidney．（The remaining kidney enlarges to make up most of the difference． In addition a kidney from a live donor lasts longer than a kidney taken from someone who has died suddenly． But the biggest change in the past few years is that transplant Surgeons have started using laparoscopic techniques to remove the do-
nor kidney through a much smaller incision，and this can cut recovery time for the donor from six weeks to four weeks．
Just because you do something，however，it doesn’t mean you should．Donating a kidney means undergoing an operation that carries some risk． You could argue that you may be helping to save a life，but yon certainly can’t pretend that you’re better off with one kidney instead of two．
So，what are the risks ?”As with any major operation，there is a chance of dying，of reoperation due to bleeding，of infection，of vein clots in the legs or a hernia at the incision，“says Dr．Arthur Matas，director of the renal—transplant program at the university of Minnesota Medical Center in Minneapolis． Even laparoscopy，a relatively new technique for kidney donation，is not risk—free． Doctors estimate that chances of dying from the procedure are about 3 in 10，000．
There’s no money to be made ;selling an organ is illegal But the recipient’s insurance normal1y covers your operation and immediate aftercare． Your costs can include hotel bills，lost pay during recovery or possible future disability．

A．Right
N.Wrong

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More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing
Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too mach may also suffer the consequences．
Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people wh0 clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night．People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour
sleepers．
These findings，which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine，demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。 more than 8 hours a night． He added that“it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed，but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this．
Previous studies have shown the potential（dangers of chronic shortages of sleep—for instance，one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep 1ess than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people wh0 sleep more．
For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how mach they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems．Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning．
Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours．In an interview，Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed． As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed，then they'll spend a higher percentage of time awake．”he said．
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What makes me the weight I am?
There’s no easy answer to this question．Your genetic makeup，the physical traits that get passed down to you from your parents，plays a big pan in determining your size and weight．__（1）．But if your parents are smaller than average，you may want to rethink that professional basketball career!
The same goes for your body type． Have you ever heard someone say a person is “big honed”? It’s a way of saying the person has a large frame， or skeleton． Big bones usually weigh more than small bones．（2）．
Like your height or body type，your genes have a lot to say about what your weight will be． But that’s only part of the story． Being overweight can run in someone’s family，but it may not be because of their genes．_（3） and even though some kids gain weight more easi1y than others，when they eat right and exercise，most kids can be a healthy and happy weight that’s right for them，it’s ture-the way you live can change the way you look．
How much you weigh is a balance between the calories you eat and the calories you use．_（4）if you spend your free time watching TV，your body won’t use as many calories as it would if you played basketball，skated，or went for a walk． If you are in balance，your weight will stay right for you as you know． But if you eat more and exercise less，you may become overweight．____（5）．

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