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In October 1949the United Nations brought a number of specialists on food to Geneva，to discuss the problems of eating habits and food supplies of peoples throughout the world.One problem that interested the specialists particularly was a form.of illness，about which little was known among the children in Africa.
Two doctors were chosen to make the study.They flew to Africa and during the next two months visited ten countries.They found that serious diseases of poor eating，often mistaken for other diseases，existed in all parts of Africa.The diseases were similar and could therefore all be named kwashiorkor.
The diseased children are usually from one to four years old.As the illness progresses，the child’s stomach becomes swollen by liquid collecting in the body.The skin changes color and may break out in open sores.The hair changes color and starts to fall out.The patient loses all interest in his surroundings and even in food，and becomes so weak that he wants to lie down all the time.Stomach liquids are no longer produced.
The doctors reasoned that kwashiorkor was found in the young children of this age in many parts of Africa because of lack of milk or meat.Their mothers，after stopping their breast-feeding，gave them foods full of starches instead of greatly needed proteins.They found that the addition of milk to the food of children suffering from kwashiorkor saved many lives.
It was necessary that the children of Africa be helped to eat better.The doctors suggested that the production of foods rich in protein be increased；they thought that more fish should be caught and more nuts should be grown.They urged education plans to teach mothers better ways of feeding children.They suggested that the United Nations send large quantities of powdered milk to hospitals and child-health centers.Finally，they recommended closer study of all the special problems connected with kwashiorkor.