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Text One

Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output.Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness or individuality.

Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive)old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life—to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local care

Since the late 1950‘s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain.Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.

In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.

Which of the following is NOT given as a feature of the old French way of life

Text One

Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output.Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness or individuality.

Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive)old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life—to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local care

Since the late 1950‘s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain.Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.

In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.

Which of the following is NOT related to the new French way of life

Text Two

In today‘s world, insurance plays a vital role in the economic and social welfare of the entire population. The wish to guard against dangers to life and property is basic to human nature. By using various kinds of insurance, society has been able to reduce the effects of such hazards.

Nowhere is insurance more important than in the management of a business. In many instances, losses in a small firm can mean the difference between growth and failure, vitality and stagnation (停滞).Very few small businesses have even a portion of the financial resources available to larger enterprises. Frequently, they must operate on a very slight margin if they hope to stay in business. And thus, they are particularly sensitive to unexpected losses.

Without enough insurance, what happens to such a firm when the owner dies or is suddenly disabled When a fire breaks out and destroys the firm‘s building or stock When an employee is found to have stolen company funds When a customer is awarded a liability judgment for an accident Too often, the business is forced to the wall, its future operations drastically curbed; sometimes, it is damaged beyond repair, its ability to continue completely crushed.

Almost always, a small businessman would find it impossible to handle the full burden of his potential risk. The amount of money he would have to set aside to cover possible losses would leave him nothing, or almost nothing, to run his business with. If loss were to occur which he could repair by using his reserve fund, what assurance would he have that another loss—the same kind or different—might not occur next week, next month But then he would have no reserve fund and little likelihood of staying in business at all.

This selection deals mainly with ________.

Text One

Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output.Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness or individuality.

Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive)old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life—to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local care

Since the late 1950‘s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain.Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.

In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.

Which of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen

Text Two

In today‘s world, insurance plays a vital role in the economic and social welfare of the entire population. The wish to guard against dangers to life and property is basic to human nature. By using various kinds of insurance, society has been able to reduce the effects of such hazards.

Nowhere is insurance more important than in the management of a business. In many instances, losses in a small firm can mean the difference between growth and failure, vitality and stagnation (停滞).Very few small businesses have even a portion of the financial resources available to larger enterprises. Frequently, they must operate on a very slight margin if they hope to stay in business. And thus, they are particularly sensitive to unexpected losses.

Without enough insurance, what happens to such a firm when the owner dies or is suddenly disabled When a fire breaks out and destroys the firm‘s building or stock When an employee is found to have stolen company funds When a customer is awarded a liability judgment for an accident Too often, the business is forced to the wall, its future operations drastically curbed; sometimes, it is damaged beyond repair, its ability to continue completely crushed.

Almost always, a small businessman would find it impossible to handle the full burden of his potential risk. The amount of money he would have to set aside to cover possible losses would leave him nothing, or almost nothing, to run his business with. If loss were to occur which he could repair by using his reserve fund, what assurance would he have that another loss—the same kind or different—might not occur next week, next month But then he would have no reserve fund and little likelihood of staying in business at all.

In Paragraph Three, the phrase “forced to the wall” means ________.

Text One

Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output.Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness or individuality.

Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive)old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life—to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local care

Since the late 1950‘s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain.Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.

In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.

The passage suggests that________.

Text Two

In today‘s world, insurance plays a vital role in the economic and social welfare of the entire population. The wish to guard against dangers to life and property is basic to human nature. By using various kinds of insurance, society has been able to reduce the effects of such hazards.

Nowhere is insurance more important than in the management of a business. In many instances, losses in a small firm can mean the difference between growth and failure, vitality and stagnation (停滞).Very few small businesses have even a portion of the financial resources available to larger enterprises. Frequently, they must operate on a very slight margin if they hope to stay in business. And thus, they are particularly sensitive to unexpected losses.

Without enough insurance, what happens to such a firm when the owner dies or is suddenly disabled When a fire breaks out and destroys the firm‘s building or stock When an employee is found to have stolen company funds When a customer is awarded a liability judgment for an accident Too often, the business is forced to the wall, its future operations drastically curbed; sometimes, it is damaged beyond repair, its ability to continue completely crushed.

Almost always, a small businessman would find it impossible to handle the full burden of his potential risk. The amount of money he would have to set aside to cover possible losses would leave him nothing, or almost nothing, to run his business with. If loss were to occur which he could repair by using his reserve fund, what assurance would he have that another loss—the same kind or different—might not occur next week, next month But then he would have no reserve fund and little likelihood of staying in business at all.

The author thinks that ________.

Text Three

Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “underground” papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock music videos on cable television‘s MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult (风靡一时) film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.

Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention:prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomier‘s contention that “if the Pepsi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver‘s license.

According to the passage, up to now, antidrug education ________.

Text One

Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output.Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness or individuality.

Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive)old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life—to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local care

Since the late 1950‘s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain.Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of this competitive, goods oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.

In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.

Which of the following is true about the critics

Text Three

Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “underground” papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock music videos on cable television‘s MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult (风靡一时) film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.

Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention:prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomier‘s contention that “if the Pepsi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver‘s license.

The film “Reefer Madness” mentioned in the passage ________.

Text Two

In today‘s world, insurance plays a vital role in the economic and social welfare of the entire population. The wish to guard against dangers to life and property is basic to human nature. By using various kinds of insurance, society has been able to reduce the effects of such hazards.

Nowhere is insurance more important than in the management of a business. In many instances, losses in a small firm can mean the difference between growth and failure, vitality and stagnation (停滞).Very few small businesses have even a portion of the financial resources available to larger enterprises. Frequently, they must operate on a very slight margin if they hope to stay in business. And thus, they are particularly sensitive to unexpected losses.

Without enough insurance, what happens to such a firm when the owner dies or is suddenly disabled When a fire breaks out and destroys the firm‘s building or stock When an employee is found to have stolen company funds When a customer is awarded a liability judgment for an accident Too often, the business is forced to the wall, its future operations drastically curbed; sometimes, it is damaged beyond repair, its ability to continue completely crushed.

Almost always, a small businessman would find it impossible to handle the full burden of his potential risk. The amount of money he would have to set aside to cover possible losses would leave him nothing, or almost nothing, to run his business with. If loss were to occur which he could repair by using his reserve fund, what assurance would he have that another loss—the same kind or different—might not occur next week, next month But then he would have no reserve fund and little likelihood of staying in business at all.

Adequate insurance will do all of the following EXCEPT that it will ________.

Text Four

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.

Day after day my men and I struggled to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

Accountability isn‘t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.

Of the many values that hold civilization together—honesty, kindness, and so on—accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law--and, ultimately, no society.

My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people‘s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

Fortunately, there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and their parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done!”

Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restrains are loosening. Your typical robber has gone. He considers your property his property: he takes what he wants, including your life if you engage him.

The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it‘s the criminal who is considered victimized, by his underprivileged upbringing by the school that didn‘t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn‘t provide a stable home.

I don‘t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities.

If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.

We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

The wise man‘s remark suggests that it is________.

Text Four

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.

Day after day my men and I struggled to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

Accountability isn‘t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.

Of the many values that hold civilization together—honesty, kindness, and so on—accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law--and, ultimately, no society.

My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people‘s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

Fortunately, there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and their parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done!”

Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restrains are loosening. Your typical robber has gone. He considers your property his property: he takes what he wants, including your life if you engage him.

The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it‘s the criminal who is considered victimized, by his underprivileged upbringing by the school that didn‘t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn‘t provide a stable home.

I don‘t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities.

If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.

We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,________.

Text Three

Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “underground” papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock music videos on cable television‘s MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult (风靡一时) film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.

Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention:prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomier‘s contention that “if the Pepsi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver‘s license.

The message “all drugs are terrible for you” is not influential because ________.

Text Two

In today‘s world, insurance plays a vital role in the economic and social welfare of the entire population. The wish to guard against dangers to life and property is basic to human nature. By using various kinds of insurance, society has been able to reduce the effects of such hazards.

Nowhere is insurance more important than in the management of a business. In many instances, losses in a small firm can mean the difference between growth and failure, vitality and stagnation (停滞).Very few small businesses have even a portion of the financial resources available to larger enterprises. Frequently, they must operate on a very slight margin if they hope to stay in business. And thus, they are particularly sensitive to unexpected losses.

Without enough insurance, what happens to such a firm when the owner dies or is suddenly disabled When a fire breaks out and destroys the firm‘s building or stock When an employee is found to have stolen company funds When a customer is awarded a liability judgment for an accident Too often, the business is forced to the wall, its future operations drastically curbed; sometimes, it is damaged beyond repair, its ability to continue completely crushed.

Almost always, a small businessman would find it impossible to handle the full burden of his potential risk. The amount of money he would have to set aside to cover possible losses would leave him nothing, or almost nothing, to run his business with. If loss were to occur which he could repair by using his reserve fund, what assurance would he have that another loss—the same kind or different—might not occur next week, next month But then he would have no reserve fund and little likelihood of staying in business at all.

The word “curbed” in Paragraph Three is nearest in meaning to “________”.

Text Four

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.

Day after day my men and I struggled to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

Accountability isn‘t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.

Of the many values that hold civilization together—honesty, kindness, and so on—accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law--and, ultimately, no society.

My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people‘s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

Fortunately, there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and their parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done!”

Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restrains are loosening. Your typical robber has gone. He considers your property his property: he takes what he wants, including your life if you engage him.

The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it‘s the criminal who is considered victimized, by his underprivileged upbringing by the school that didn‘t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn‘t provide a stable home.

I don‘t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities.

If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.

We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have________.

Text Three

Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “underground” papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock music videos on cable television‘s MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult (风靡一时) film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.

Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention:prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomier‘s contention that “if the Pepsi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver‘s license.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true

Text Four

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.

Day after day my men and I struggled to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

Accountability isn‘t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.

Of the many values that hold civilization together—honesty, kindness, and so on—accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law--and, ultimately, no society.

My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people‘s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

Fortunately, there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and their parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done!”

Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restrains are loosening. Your typical robber has gone. He considers your property his property: he takes what he wants, including your life if you engage him.

The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it‘s the criminal who is considered victimized, by his underprivileged upbringing by the school that didn‘t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn‘t provide a stable home.

I don‘t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities.

If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.

We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

The writer is sorry to have noticed that________.

Text Three

Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “underground” papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock music videos on cable television‘s MTV in the 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult (风靡一时) film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.

Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention:prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomier‘s contention that “if the Pepsi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver‘s license.

The best title for the passage would be ________.

Text Four

A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.

Day after day my men and I struggled to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.

Accountability isn‘t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.

Of the many values that hold civilization together—honesty, kindness, and so on—accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law--and, ultimately, no society.

My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people‘s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.

Fortunately, there are still communities—smaller towns, usually—where schools maintain discipline and their parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done!”

Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restrains are loosening. Your typical robber has gone. He considers your property his property: he takes what he wants, including your life if you engage him.

The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it‘s the criminal who is considered victimized, by his underprivileged upbringing by the school that didn‘t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn‘t provide a stable home.

I don‘t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities.

If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.

We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.

From the text we can conclude that________.