【B9】_考试资料网

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B1】

A．affected
B．achieved
C．extracted
D．restored

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B1】

A．Suppose
B．Consider
C．Observe
D．Imagine

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B2】

A．at
B．up
C．with
D．off

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B2】

A．tended
B．feared
C．happened
D．threatened

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B3】

A．truth
B．sight
C．act
D．proof

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B3】

A．thinner
B．stabler
C．lighter
D．dimmer

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B4】

A．controversial
B．perplexing
C．mischievous
D．ambiguous

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B4】

A．tendency
B．advantage
C．inclination
D．priority

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B5】

A．requirements
B．explanations
C．accounts
D．assessments

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B5】

A．insists on
B．sums up
C．turns out
D．puts forward

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B6】

A．conclude
B．matter
C．indicate
D．work

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B6】

A．off
B．behind
C．over
D．along

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B7】

A．as far as
B．for fear that
C．in case that
D．so long as

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B7】

A．incredible
B．spontaneous
C．inevitable
D．gradual

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B8】

A．awareness
B．expectation
C．sentiment
D．illusion

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B8】

A．fight
B．doubt
C．stop
D．think

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B9】

A．suitable
B．excessive
C．enough
D．abundant

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B10】

A．about
B．for
C．on
D．by

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B9】

A．invisible
B．limited
C．indefinite
D．different

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B10】

A．upward
B．forward
C．afterward
D．backward

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B11】

A．compared
B．shown
C．subjected
D．conveyed

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B11】

A．features
B．influences
C．results
D．costs

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B12】

A．contrary to
B．consistent with
C．parallel with
D．peculiar to

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B12】

A．outside
B．on
C．by
D．across

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B13】

A．evidence
B．guidance
C．implication
D．source

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B13】

A．deliver
B．carry
C．perform
D．apply

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B14】

A．disputable
B．enlightening
C．reliable
D．misleading

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B14】

A．by chance
B．in contrast
C．as usual
D．for instance

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B15】

A．In contrast
B．For example
C．In consequence
D．As usual

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B15】

A．if
B．unless
C．as
D．lest

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B16】

A．duly
B．accidentally
C．unpredictably
D．suddenly

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B17】

A．failed
B．ceased
C．started
D．continued

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B16】

A．moderate
B．overcome
C．determine
D．reach

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B17】

A．at
B．for
C．after
D．with

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B18】

A．Therefore
B．Furthermore
C．However
D．Meanwhile

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B18】

A．Above all
B．After all
C．However
D．Otherwise

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B19】

A．attempted
B．tended
C．chose
D．intended

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B19】

A．fundamental
B．comprehensive
C．equivalent
D．hostile

单项选择题

In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】workers’ productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very【B3】of being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior. The idea arose because of the【B4】behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】what was done in the experiment;【B7】something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】to alter workers’ behavior【B10】itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to【B14】interpretations of what happened.【B15】, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.【B20】

A．breaking
B．climbing
C．surpassing
D．hitting

单项选择题

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 【B1】the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer’ s piece in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly【B2】to live shorter lives. This suggests that【B3】bulbs burn longer, that there is an【B4】in not being too bright. Intelligence, it【B5】, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow【B6】the starting line because it depends on learning—a(n) 【B7】process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to【B8】. Is there an adaptive value to【B9】intelligence That’ s the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance【B10】at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real【B11】of our own intelligence might be. This is【B12】the mind of every animal we’ ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would【B13】on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner,【B14】, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that【B15】animals ran the labs, they would test us to【B16】the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really【B17】, not merely how much of it there is. 【B18】, they would hope to study a(n)【B19】question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in【B20】the results are inconclusive.【B20】

A．By accident
B．In time
C．So far
D．Better still

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