• 搜标题
  • 搜题干
  • 搜选项
0 / 200字
单项选择题

Questions 1-5
Feminist sociolinguists, over the course of the last few decades, have conducted studies that they believe support the conclusion that women are routinely discriminated against in English- speaking society. They point to the words used to describe women, as well as the words used to describe society as a whole, as indications that the English language and therefore the English- speaking culture, is slanted towards the advantage of males.
The words used to describe women are used as an instrument by feminist sociolinguists to denote an inherent sexism in the English language. Word pairs such as master and mistress and sir and madam, they claim, epitomize such sexism. All of the words in question once held positive connotations but, while the masculine forms have retained their respectable associations, the feminine forms have undergone pejoration and now imply sexual promiscuity and other negative characteristics. Feminist researchers assume that such pejoration indicate that the status of women in English-speaking society is relatively low.
These researchers also find fault with the use of masculine words to describe unisex entities. For example, they feel that there is nothing inherently manly about mankind, the best man for the job, or the common man. Similarly, the use of such constructions as the "the average student is worried about his grades" indicate to these researchers an inherent sexism in English that is reflective of the cultures in which they are produced.
Carolyn Jacobson, author of Non-sexist Language has proposed a solution to this conundrum. She advocates the elimination of all sexed words in favor of gender-neutral terms. No longer should we refer to actors and actresses or waiters and waitresses, as such dichotomies allow for the possibility of negative connotations being associated with the feminine designation. Likewise, she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions. Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the English language, the culture will be more amenable to the deliverance of women as well.The primary purpose of this passage is to ______.

A．compare and contrast ideology in various cultures
B．prove a commonly held belief to be wrong
C．describe a problem and a possible solution
D．analyze the historical origins of a modern situation
题目列表

你可能感兴趣的试题

单项选择题

Questions 1-5
Feminist sociolinguists, over the course of the last few decades, have conducted studies that they believe support the conclusion that women are routinely discriminated against in English- speaking society. They point to the words used to describe women, as well as the words used to describe society as a whole, as indications that the English language and therefore the English- speaking culture, is slanted towards the advantage of males.
The words used to describe women are used as an instrument by feminist sociolinguists to denote an inherent sexism in the English language. Word pairs such as master and mistress and sir and madam, they claim, epitomize such sexism. All of the words in question once held positive connotations but, while the masculine forms have retained their respectable associations, the feminine forms have undergone pejoration and now imply sexual promiscuity and other negative characteristics. Feminist researchers assume that such pejoration indicate that the status of women in English-speaking society is relatively low.
These researchers also find fault with the use of masculine words to describe unisex entities. For example, they feel that there is nothing inherently manly about mankind, the best man for the job, or the common man. Similarly, the use of such constructions as the "the average student is worried about his grades" indicate to these researchers an inherent sexism in English that is reflective of the cultures in which they are produced.
Carolyn Jacobson, author of Non-sexist Language has proposed a solution to this conundrum. She advocates the elimination of all sexed words in favor of gender-neutral terms. No longer should we refer to actors and actresses or waiters and waitresses, as such dichotomies allow for the possibility of negative connotations being associated with the feminine designation. Likewise, she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions. Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the English language, the culture will be more amenable to the deliverance of women as well.The primary purpose of this passage is to ______.

A．compare and contrast ideology in various cultures
B．prove a commonly held belief to be wrong
C．describe a problem and a possible solution
D．analyze the historical origins of a modern situation
单项选择题

Questions 1-5
Feminist sociolinguists, over the course of the last few decades, have conducted studies that they believe support the conclusion that women are routinely discriminated against in English- speaking society. They point to the words used to describe women, as well as the words used to describe society as a whole, as indications that the English language and therefore the English- speaking culture, is slanted towards the advantage of males.
The words used to describe women are used as an instrument by feminist sociolinguists to denote an inherent sexism in the English language. Word pairs such as master and mistress and sir and madam, they claim, epitomize such sexism. All of the words in question once held positive connotations but, while the masculine forms have retained their respectable associations, the feminine forms have undergone pejoration and now imply sexual promiscuity and other negative characteristics. Feminist researchers assume that such pejoration indicate that the status of women in English-speaking society is relatively low.
These researchers also find fault with the use of masculine words to describe unisex entities. For example, they feel that there is nothing inherently manly about mankind, the best man for the job, or the common man. Similarly, the use of such constructions as the "the average student is worried about his grades" indicate to these researchers an inherent sexism in English that is reflective of the cultures in which they are produced.
Carolyn Jacobson, author of Non-sexist Language has proposed a solution to this conundrum. She advocates the elimination of all sexed words in favor of gender-neutral terms. No longer should we refer to actors and actresses or waiters and waitresses, as such dichotomies allow for the possibility of negative connotations being associated with the feminine designation. Likewise, she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions. Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the English language, the culture will be more amenable to the deliverance of women as well.According to the passage, gender-neutral constructions should be advocated because ______.

A．the elimination of sexism in the English language will precede the elimination of sexism in the culture
B．they are more grammatically sound than sexed structures
C．unisex terms are less awkward in casual speech
D．sex-specific terms always carry negative connotations
单项选择题

Questions 1-5
Feminist sociolinguists, over the course of the last few decades, have conducted studies that they believe support the conclusion that women are routinely discriminated against in English- speaking society. They point to the words used to describe women, as well as the words used to describe society as a whole, as indications that the English language and therefore the English- speaking culture, is slanted towards the advantage of males.
The words used to describe women are used as an instrument by feminist sociolinguists to denote an inherent sexism in the English language. Word pairs such as master and mistress and sir and madam, they claim, epitomize such sexism. All of the words in question once held positive connotations but, while the masculine forms have retained their respectable associations, the feminine forms have undergone pejoration and now imply sexual promiscuity and other negative characteristics. Feminist researchers assume that such pejoration indicate that the status of women in English-speaking society is relatively low.
These researchers also find fault with the use of masculine words to describe unisex entities. For example, they feel that there is nothing inherently manly about mankind, the best man for the job, or the common man. Similarly, the use of such constructions as the "the average student is worried about his grades" indicate to these researchers an inherent sexism in English that is reflective of the cultures in which they are produced.
Carolyn Jacobson, author of Non-sexist Language has proposed a solution to this conundrum. She advocates the elimination of all sexed words in favor of gender-neutral terms. No longer should we refer to actors and actresses or waiters and waitresses, as such dichotomies allow for the possibility of negative connotations being associated with the feminine designation. Likewise, she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions. Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the English language, the culture will be more amenable to the deliverance of women as well.The author refers to mankind, the best man for the job, and the common man in order to ______.

A．demonstrate the superiority of males in English-speaking society
B．provide an example of speech that is slanted towards the advantage of males
C．list the characteristics of the feminist sociolinguist movement
D．discount the notion that the English language discriminates against women
单项选择题

Questions 1-5
Feminist sociolinguists, over the course of the last few decades, have conducted studies that they believe support the conclusion that women are routinely discriminated against in English- speaking society. They point to the words used to describe women, as well as the words used to describe society as a whole, as indications that the English language and therefore the English- speaking culture, is slanted towards the advantage of males.
The words used to describe women are used as an instrument by feminist sociolinguists to denote an inherent sexism in the English language. Word pairs such as master and mistress and sir and madam, they claim, epitomize such sexism. All of the words in question once held positive connotations but, while the masculine forms have retained their respectable associations, the feminine forms have undergone pejoration and now imply sexual promiscuity and other negative characteristics. Feminist researchers assume that such pejoration indicate that the status of women in English-speaking society is relatively low.
These researchers also find fault with the use of masculine words to describe unisex entities. For example, they feel that there is nothing inherently manly about mankind, the best man for the job, or the common man. Similarly, the use of such constructions as the "the average student is worried about his grades" indicate to these researchers an inherent sexism in English that is reflective of the cultures in which they are produced.
Carolyn Jacobson, author of Non-sexist Language has proposed a solution to this conundrum. She advocates the elimination of all sexed words in favor of gender-neutral terms. No longer should we refer to actors and actresses or waiters and waitresses, as such dichotomies allow for the possibility of negative connotations being associated with the feminine designation. Likewise, she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions. Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the English language, the culture will be more amenable to the deliverance of women as well.The word "pejoration" most probably means ______.

A．negative connotation
B．positive connotation
C．sexual characteristic
D．respectable characteristic
单项选择题

Questions 1-5
Feminist sociolinguists, over the course of the last few decades, have conducted studies that they believe support the conclusion that women are routinely discriminated against in English- speaking society. They point to the words used to describe women, as well as the words used to describe society as a whole, as indications that the English language and therefore the English- speaking culture, is slanted towards the advantage of males.
The words used to describe women are used as an instrument by feminist sociolinguists to denote an inherent sexism in the English language. Word pairs such as master and mistress and sir and madam, they claim, epitomize such sexism. All of the words in question once held positive connotations but, while the masculine forms have retained their respectable associations, the feminine forms have undergone pejoration and now imply sexual promiscuity and other negative characteristics. Feminist researchers assume that such pejoration indicate that the status of women in English-speaking society is relatively low.
These researchers also find fault with the use of masculine words to describe unisex entities. For example, they feel that there is nothing inherently manly about mankind, the best man for the job, or the common man. Similarly, the use of such constructions as the "the average student is worried about his grades" indicate to these researchers an inherent sexism in English that is reflective of the cultures in which they are produced.
Carolyn Jacobson, author of Non-sexist Language has proposed a solution to this conundrum. She advocates the elimination of all sexed words in favor of gender-neutral terms. No longer should we refer to actors and actresses or waiters and waitresses, as such dichotomies allow for the possibility of negative connotations being associated with the feminine designation. Likewise, she believes that phrases such as mankind should give way to human kind and that the use of the masculine pronoun as the default should be abandoned in favor of neutral constructions. Thus, when sexism is eliminated from the English language, the culture will be more amenable to the deliverance of women as well.In favor of gender-neutral terms, which of the following words can be used to describe unisex entities ______

A．Mankind.
B．Chairperson.
C．Superman.
D．Dragon lady.
单项选择题

Questions 6-10
It"s 10 p. m. You may not know where your child is. But the chip does.
The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help. Once paramedics arrive, the chip will also be able to tell the rescue workers which drugs little Johnny or Janic is allergic to. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history.
And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip--the one embedded in your hand.
To some, this may sound far-fetched. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly Alzheimer patients.
"Down the line, it could be used as credit cards and such," says Chris Hables Gray, a professor of cultural studies of science and technology at the University of Great Falls in Montana, "A lot of people won"t have to carry wallets anymore," he says, "what the implications are for this technology, in the long run, is profound. "
Indeed, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.
"Any technology of this kind is easily abusive of personal privacy. " says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "If a kid is trackable, do you want other people to be able to track your kid It"s a double-edged sword. "
Tiny Chips That Know Your Name
The research of embedding microchips isn"t entirely new. Back in 1988, Brian Warwick, a professor of cybernetics at Reading University in London, implanted a chip into his arm as an experiment to see if Warwick"s computer could wirelessly track his whereabouts with the university"s building.
But Applied Digital Solutions, Inc, in Palm Beach, Fla. is one of the latest to try and push the experiments beyond the realm of academic research and into the hands--and bodies--of ordinary humans.
The company says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its VeriChip device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded with bits of information and implanted in humans under a layer of skin. When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip yields the data--says an ID number that links to a computer database file containing more detailed information.
Chipping Blocks
Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chip which yield information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips--such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future--will need to beam out information all the time. And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips.
Another additional barrier, developing tiny GPS receiver chips that could be embedded yet still is sensitive enough to receive signals from thousands of miles out in space. In addition to technical hurdles, many suspect that all sorts of legal and privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.A chip is able to do the following EXCEPT ______.

A．telling the location of your child
B．telling doctors your child"s medical history
C．telling whether your child needs immediate help
D．telling the rescue workers which medicine your child should take at once
单项选择题

Questions 11-15
The central idea of cell phones is that you should be connected to almost everyone and everything at all times. The trouble is that cell phones assault your peace of mind no matter what you do. If you turn them off, why have one You just irritate anyone who might call. If you"re on and no one calls, you"re irrelevant, unloved or both. If everyone calls, you"re a basket case.
As with other triumphs of the mass market, cell phones reached a point when people forget what it was like before they existed. No one remembers life before cars, TVs, air conditioners, jets, credit cards, microwave ovens and ATM cards. So, too, now with cell phones. Anyone without one will soon be classified as an eccentric or member of the (deep) underclass.
Look at the numbers, In 1985 there were 340,213 cell-phone users. By year-end 2003 there were 159 million. I had once assumed that age or hearing loss would immunize most of the over-60 population against cell phones. Wrong. Among those 60 to 69, cell phone ownership (60 percent) is almost as high as among 18- to 24-year-olds (66 percent), though lower than among 30- to 49-years- olds (76 percent), according to a recent survey from the Pew Research Center. Even among those 80 and older, ownership is 32 percent.
Of course, cell phones have productive uses. For those constantly on the road, they"re a bonus. The same is true for critical workers needed at a moment"s notice. Otherwise, benefits seem gloomy.
They make driving more dangerous, though how much so is unclear. Then, there"s sheer nuisance. Private conversations have gone public. We"ve all been subjected to someone else"s sales meeting, dinner reservation, family argument and dating problem. In 2003 cell phone conversations totaled 830 billion minutes, reckons CTIA. That"s about 75 times greater than in 1991 and almost 50 hours for every man, woman and children in America. How valuable is all this chitchat The average conversation lasts two- and-a-half to three minutes. Surely many could be postponed or forgotten.
Cell phones and, indeed, all wireless devices constitute another chapter in the ongoing breakdown between work and everything else. They pretend to increase your freedom while actually stealing it.
All this is the wave of the future or, more precisely, the present. According to another survey, two thirds of Americans 16 to 29 would choose a ceil phone over a traditional land line. Cell phones, an irresistible force, will soon pull ahead. But I vow to resist just as I"ve resisted ATM cards, laptops and digital cameras. I agree increasingly with the late poet Ogden Nash, who wrote: "Progress might have been all right once, but it"s gone on too long. "According to the passage, people usually consider a person with a cell phone as ______.

A．peculiar one
B．a fashionable one
C．an unusual one
D．an average one
单项选择题

Questions 11-15
The central idea of cell phones is that you should be connected to almost everyone and everything at all times. The trouble is that cell phones assault your peace of mind no matter what you do. If you turn them off, why have one You just irritate anyone who might call. If you"re on and no one calls, you"re irrelevant, unloved or both. If everyone calls, you"re a basket case.
As with other triumphs of the mass market, cell phones reached a point when people forget what it was like before they existed. No one remembers life before cars, TVs, air conditioners, jets, credit cards, microwave ovens and ATM cards. So, too, now with cell phones. Anyone without one will soon be classified as an eccentric or member of the (deep) underclass.
Look at the numbers, In 1985 there were 340,213 cell-phone users. By year-end 2003 there were 159 million. I had once assumed that age or hearing loss would immunize most of the over-60 population against cell phones. Wrong. Among those 60 to 69, cell phone ownership (60 percent) is almost as high as among 18- to 24-year-olds (66 percent), though lower than among 30- to 49-years- olds (76 percent), according to a recent survey from the Pew Research Center. Even among those 80 and older, ownership is 32 percent.
Of course, cell phones have productive uses. For those constantly on the road, they"re a bonus. The same is true for critical workers needed at a moment"s notice. Otherwise, benefits seem gloomy.
They make driving more dangerous, though how much so is unclear. Then, there"s sheer nuisance. Private conversations have gone public. We"ve all been subjected to someone else"s sales meeting, dinner reservation, family argument and dating problem. In 2003 cell phone conversations totaled 830 billion minutes, reckons CTIA. That"s about 75 times greater than in 1991 and almost 50 hours for every man, woman and children in America. How valuable is all this chitchat The average conversation lasts two- and-a-half to three minutes. Surely many could be postponed or forgotten.
Cell phones and, indeed, all wireless devices constitute another chapter in the ongoing breakdown between work and everything else. They pretend to increase your freedom while actually stealing it.
All this is the wave of the future or, more precisely, the present. According to another survey, two thirds of Americans 16 to 29 would choose a ceil phone over a traditional land line. Cell phones, an irresistible force, will soon pull ahead. But I vow to resist just as I"ve resisted ATM cards, laptops and digital cameras. I agree increasingly with the late poet Ogden Nash, who wrote: "Progress might have been all right once, but it"s gone on too long. "Which of the following statements is TRUE According to the passage ______

A．People are getting used to the lines with cell phones.
B．Those who receive no phone calls are unloved.
C．People can connect everyone and everything at all times with cell phones.
D．Most people buy cell phones because they don"t want to be taken as an eccentric.
单项选择题

Questions 6-10
It"s 10 p. m. You may not know where your child is. But the chip does.
The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help. Once paramedics arrive, the chip will also be able to tell the rescue workers which drugs little Johnny or Janic is allergic to. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history.
And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip--the one embedded in your hand.
To some, this may sound far-fetched. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly Alzheimer patients.
"Down the line, it could be used as credit cards and such," says Chris Hables Gray, a professor of cultural studies of science and technology at the University of Great Falls in Montana, "A lot of people won"t have to carry wallets anymore," he says, "what the implications are for this technology, in the long run, is profound. "
Indeed, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.
"Any technology of this kind is easily abusive of personal privacy. " says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "If a kid is trackable, do you want other people to be able to track your kid It"s a double-edged sword. "
Tiny Chips That Know Your Name
The research of embedding microchips isn"t entirely new. Back in 1988, Brian Warwick, a professor of cybernetics at Reading University in London, implanted a chip into his arm as an experiment to see if Warwick"s computer could wirelessly track his whereabouts with the university"s building.
But Applied Digital Solutions, Inc, in Palm Beach, Fla. is one of the latest to try and push the experiments beyond the realm of academic research and into the hands--and bodies--of ordinary humans.
The company says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its VeriChip device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded with bits of information and implanted in humans under a layer of skin. When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip yields the data--says an ID number that links to a computer database file containing more detailed information.
Chipping Blocks
Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chip which yield information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips--such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future--will need to beam out information all the time. And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips.
Another additional barrier, developing tiny GPS receiver chips that could be embedded yet still is sensitive enough to receive signals from thousands of miles out in space. In addition to technical hurdles, many suspect that all sorts of legal and privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.The word "paramedic" refers to ______.

A．one who is trained to assist a doctor
B．one who drives the ambulance
C．an ambulance
D．a disease
单项选择题

Questions 16-20
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people, need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or--independently of any course--simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is. who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating hail of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn"t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.According to the passage, "scientific subculture" means ______.

A．cultural groups that are formed by scientists
B．people whose knowledge of science is very limited
C．the scientific community
D．people who make good contribution to science
单项选择题

Questions 11-15
The central idea of cell phones is that you should be connected to almost everyone and everything at all times. The trouble is that cell phones assault your peace of mind no matter what you do. If you turn them off, why have one You just irritate anyone who might call. If you"re on and no one calls, you"re irrelevant, unloved or both. If everyone calls, you"re a basket case.
As with other triumphs of the mass market, cell phones reached a point when people forget what it was like before they existed. No one remembers life before cars, TVs, air conditioners, jets, credit cards, microwave ovens and ATM cards. So, too, now with cell phones. Anyone without one will soon be classified as an eccentric or member of the (deep) underclass.
Look at the numbers, In 1985 there were 340,213 cell-phone users. By year-end 2003 there were 159 million. I had once assumed that age or hearing loss would immunize most of the over-60 population against cell phones. Wrong. Among those 60 to 69, cell phone ownership (60 percent) is almost as high as among 18- to 24-year-olds (66 percent), though lower than among 30- to 49-years- olds (76 percent), according to a recent survey from the Pew Research Center. Even among those 80 and older, ownership is 32 percent.
Of course, cell phones have productive uses. For those constantly on the road, they"re a bonus. The same is true for critical workers needed at a moment"s notice. Otherwise, benefits seem gloomy.
They make driving more dangerous, though how much so is unclear. Then, there"s sheer nuisance. Private conversations have gone public. We"ve all been subjected to someone else"s sales meeting, dinner reservation, family argument and dating problem. In 2003 cell phone conversations totaled 830 billion minutes, reckons CTIA. That"s about 75 times greater than in 1991 and almost 50 hours for every man, woman and children in America. How valuable is all this chitchat The average conversation lasts two- and-a-half to three minutes. Surely many could be postponed or forgotten.
Cell phones and, indeed, all wireless devices constitute another chapter in the ongoing breakdown between work and everything else. They pretend to increase your freedom while actually stealing it.
All this is the wave of the future or, more precisely, the present. According to another survey, two thirds of Americans 16 to 29 would choose a ceil phone over a traditional land line. Cell phones, an irresistible force, will soon pull ahead. But I vow to resist just as I"ve resisted ATM cards, laptops and digital cameras. I agree increasingly with the late poet Ogden Nash, who wrote: "Progress might have been all right once, but it"s gone on too long. "Which group of people below has the highest rate of cell phone ownership ______

A．20-year-olds.
B．40-year-olds.
C．60-year-olds.
D．80-year-olds.
单项选择题

Questions 6-10
It"s 10 p. m. You may not know where your child is. But the chip does.
The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help. Once paramedics arrive, the chip will also be able to tell the rescue workers which drugs little Johnny or Janic is allergic to. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history.
And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip--the one embedded in your hand.
To some, this may sound far-fetched. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly Alzheimer patients.
"Down the line, it could be used as credit cards and such," says Chris Hables Gray, a professor of cultural studies of science and technology at the University of Great Falls in Montana, "A lot of people won"t have to carry wallets anymore," he says, "what the implications are for this technology, in the long run, is profound. "
Indeed, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.
"Any technology of this kind is easily abusive of personal privacy. " says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "If a kid is trackable, do you want other people to be able to track your kid It"s a double-edged sword. "
Tiny Chips That Know Your Name
The research of embedding microchips isn"t entirely new. Back in 1988, Brian Warwick, a professor of cybernetics at Reading University in London, implanted a chip into his arm as an experiment to see if Warwick"s computer could wirelessly track his whereabouts with the university"s building.
But Applied Digital Solutions, Inc, in Palm Beach, Fla. is one of the latest to try and push the experiments beyond the realm of academic research and into the hands--and bodies--of ordinary humans.
The company says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its VeriChip device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded with bits of information and implanted in humans under a layer of skin. When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip yields the data--says an ID number that links to a computer database file containing more detailed information.
Chipping Blocks
Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chip which yield information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips--such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future--will need to beam out information all the time. And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips.
Another additional barrier, developing tiny GPS receiver chips that could be embedded yet still is sensitive enough to receive signals from thousands of miles out in space. In addition to technical hurdles, many suspect that all sorts of legal and privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.The implications for chip technology are profound because ______.

A．it can help people a lot in their daily life
B．it is easily abusive of personal privacy
C．it is easily abusive of personal liberty
D．it is a double-edged sword
单项选择题

Questions 21-25
A naked mole rat colony, like a beehive, wasp"s nest, or termite mound, is ruled by its queen, or reproducing female. Other adult female mole rats neither ovulate nor breed. The queen is the largest member of the colony, and she maintains her breeding status through a mixture of behavioral and, presumably, chemical control. Queens have been long-lived in captivity, and when they die or are removed from a colony one sees violent fighting for breeding status among the larger remaining females, leading to a takeover by a new queen.
Eusocial insect societies have rigid caste systems, each insect"s role being defined by its behavior, body shape, and physiology. In naked mole rat societies, on the other hand, differences in behavior are related primarily to reproductive status (reproduction being limited to the queen and a few males), body size, and perhaps age. Smaller non-breeding members, both male and female, seem to participate primarily in gathering food, transporting nest material, and tunneling, larger non-breeders are active in defending the colony and perhaps in removing dirt from the tunnels. One work has suggested that differences in growth rates may influence the length of time that an individual performs a task, regardless of its age.
Cooperative breeding has evolved many times in vertebrates, but unlike naked mole rats, most cooperatively breeding vertebrates (except the wild dog, Lycaon pictus) are dominated by a pair of breeders rather than by a single breeding female. The division of labor within social groups is less pronounced among other vertebrates than among naked mole rats, colony size is much smaller, and mating by subordinate females may not be totally suppressed, whereas in naked mole rat colonies subordinate females are not sexually active, and many never breed.Which of the following most accurately states the main idea of the passage

A．Naked mole rat colonies exhibit social organization based on a rigid caste system.
B．Behavior in naked mole rat colonies may well be a close vertebrate analogue to behavior in eusocial insect societies.
C．The mating habits of naked mole rats differ from those of any other vertebrate species.
D．Naked mole rat colonies are the only known examples of cooperatively breeding vertebrate societies.
单项选择题

Questions 16-20
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people, need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or--independently of any course--simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is. who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating hail of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn"t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because ______.

A．it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists
B．Science affects almost every aspect of our life
C．Scientists live in a specific subculture
D．It is easier to understand general characteristics of science
单项选择题

Questions 11-15
The central idea of cell phones is that you should be connected to almost everyone and everything at all times. The trouble is that cell phones assault your peace of mind no matter what you do. If you turn them off, why have one You just irritate anyone who might call. If you"re on and no one calls, you"re irrelevant, unloved or both. If everyone calls, you"re a basket case.
As with other triumphs of the mass market, cell phones reached a point when people forget what it was like before they existed. No one remembers life before cars, TVs, air conditioners, jets, credit cards, microwave ovens and ATM cards. So, too, now with cell phones. Anyone without one will soon be classified as an eccentric or member of the (deep) underclass.
Look at the numbers, In 1985 there were 340,213 cell-phone users. By year-end 2003 there were 159 million. I had once assumed that age or hearing loss would immunize most of the over-60 population against cell phones. Wrong. Among those 60 to 69, cell phone ownership (60 percent) is almost as high as among 18- to 24-year-olds (66 percent), though lower than among 30- to 49-years- olds (76 percent), according to a recent survey from the Pew Research Center. Even among those 80 and older, ownership is 32 percent.
Of course, cell phones have productive uses. For those constantly on the road, they"re a bonus. The same is true for critical workers needed at a moment"s notice. Otherwise, benefits seem gloomy.
They make driving more dangerous, though how much so is unclear. Then, there"s sheer nuisance. Private conversations have gone public. We"ve all been subjected to someone else"s sales meeting, dinner reservation, family argument and dating problem. In 2003 cell phone conversations totaled 830 billion minutes, reckons CTIA. That"s about 75 times greater than in 1991 and almost 50 hours for every man, woman and children in America. How valuable is all this chitchat The average conversation lasts two- and-a-half to three minutes. Surely many could be postponed or forgotten.
Cell phones and, indeed, all wireless devices constitute another chapter in the ongoing breakdown between work and everything else. They pretend to increase your freedom while actually stealing it.
All this is the wave of the future or, more precisely, the present. According to another survey, two thirds of Americans 16 to 29 would choose a ceil phone over a traditional land line. Cell phones, an irresistible force, will soon pull ahead. But I vow to resist just as I"ve resisted ATM cards, laptops and digital cameras. I agree increasingly with the late poet Ogden Nash, who wrote: "Progress might have been all right once, but it"s gone on too long. "The word "nuisance" refers to ______.

A．annoyance
B．benefits
C．inconvenience
D．clearness
单项选择题

Questions 6-10
It"s 10 p. m. You may not know where your child is. But the chip does.
The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help. Once paramedics arrive, the chip will also be able to tell the rescue workers which drugs little Johnny or Janic is allergic to. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history.
And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip--the one embedded in your hand.
To some, this may sound far-fetched. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly Alzheimer patients.
"Down the line, it could be used as credit cards and such," says Chris Hables Gray, a professor of cultural studies of science and technology at the University of Great Falls in Montana, "A lot of people won"t have to carry wallets anymore," he says, "what the implications are for this technology, in the long run, is profound. "
Indeed, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.
"Any technology of this kind is easily abusive of personal privacy. " says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "If a kid is trackable, do you want other people to be able to track your kid It"s a double-edged sword. "
Tiny Chips That Know Your Name
The research of embedding microchips isn"t entirely new. Back in 1988, Brian Warwick, a professor of cybernetics at Reading University in London, implanted a chip into his arm as an experiment to see if Warwick"s computer could wirelessly track his whereabouts with the university"s building.
But Applied Digital Solutions, Inc, in Palm Beach, Fla. is one of the latest to try and push the experiments beyond the realm of academic research and into the hands--and bodies--of ordinary humans.
The company says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its VeriChip device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded with bits of information and implanted in humans under a layer of skin. When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip yields the data--says an ID number that links to a computer database file containing more detailed information.
Chipping Blocks
Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chip which yield information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips--such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future--will need to beam out information all the time. And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips.
Another additional barrier, developing tiny GPS receiver chips that could be embedded yet still is sensitive enough to receive signals from thousands of miles out in space. In addition to technical hurdles, many suspect that all sorts of legal and privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.What has Applied Digital Solutions, Inc, recently done ______

A．It has recently implanted a chip into Professor Brian Warwick"s arm.
B．It has recently pushed the experiments into the realm of academic research.
C．It has recently made the research of embedding microchips.
D．It has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to test its VeriChip device in humans.
单项选择题

Questions 21-25
A naked mole rat colony, like a beehive, wasp"s nest, or termite mound, is ruled by its queen, or reproducing female. Other adult female mole rats neither ovulate nor breed. The queen is the largest member of the colony, and she maintains her breeding status through a mixture of behavioral and, presumably, chemical control. Queens have been long-lived in captivity, and when they die or are removed from a colony one sees violent fighting for breeding status among the larger remaining females, leading to a takeover by a new queen.
Eusocial insect societies have rigid caste systems, each insect"s role being defined by its behavior, body shape, and physiology. In naked mole rat societies, on the other hand, differences in behavior are related primarily to reproductive status (reproduction being limited to the queen and a few males), body size, and perhaps age. Smaller non-breeding members, both male and female, seem to participate primarily in gathering food, transporting nest material, and tunneling, larger non-breeders are active in defending the colony and perhaps in removing dirt from the tunnels. One work has suggested that differences in growth rates may influence the length of time that an individual performs a task, regardless of its age.
Cooperative breeding has evolved many times in vertebrates, but unlike naked mole rats, most cooperatively breeding vertebrates (except the wild dog, Lycaon pictus) are dominated by a pair of breeders rather than by a single breeding female. The division of labor within social groups is less pronounced among other vertebrates than among naked mole rats, colony size is much smaller, and mating by subordinate females may not be totally suppressed, whereas in naked mole rat colonies subordinate females are not sexually active, and many never breed.According to the passage, the following explanatory variables accounts for naked mole rat behavior EXCEPT ______.

A．age
B．size
C．growth rate
D．reproductive status
单项选择题

Questions 26-30
Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate live programming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming one giant sound stage for television news. As a result, Marshall McLean"s reference to the post-television world as being a single "global village" is gaining new acceptance and Shakespeare"s famous line, "all the world"s a stage," has taken on an interesting new twist in meaning.
But, beyond the philosophical dimensions of global television communications there are some dramatic, political implications. Even before today"s worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.
Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions, it is most effective when it is revealing the plights of people. It was probably the appalling footage of the Nazi death camps that first demonstrated the power of motion pictures and television to affect the collective consciousness of a world audience. In the United States during the 50"s and 60"s the power of television to stir the consciousness of large numbers of people was demonstrated in another way. Night after night graphic news footage of the civil rights struggle was brought into U.S. homes.
Years later, this role was to take on a new and even more controversial dimension during the Vietnam War. Reading about war was one thing; but war took on a deeper and more unsavory dimension when it was exported directly into U.S. living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash during these times, the Pentagon was thereafter much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.
It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the centre of international politics. "Human rights are the soul of our foreign policy," Carter said. "Of all human rights the most basic is to be free of arbitrary violence, whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, from criminals, or from self-appointed messiahs operating under the cover of politics or religion. "
Although political viewpoints have changed since then, because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the "soul" of television news. The transgression of human rights has been the focus of many, if not most, major international television news stories. The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.The passage is mainly about ______.

A．the evolution of international politics in the United States
B．the broadcast media"s growing role in international politics
C．the concern for human rights as is shown in broadcast media
D．the impact of global television communication on viewers" emotions
单项选择题

Questions 16-20
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people, need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or--independently of any course--simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is. who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating hail of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn"t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who ______.

A．are intelligent college students and lay persons who do not know much about science
B．are good at producing various gadgets
C．work in a storehouse of dried facts
D．want to have a superficial understanding of science
单项选择题

Questions 11-15
The central idea of cell phones is that you should be connected to almost everyone and everything at all times. The trouble is that cell phones assault your peace of mind no matter what you do. If you turn them off, why have one You just irritate anyone who might call. If you"re on and no one calls, you"re irrelevant, unloved or both. If everyone calls, you"re a basket case.
As with other triumphs of the mass market, cell phones reached a point when people forget what it was like before they existed. No one remembers life before cars, TVs, air conditioners, jets, credit cards, microwave ovens and ATM cards. So, too, now with cell phones. Anyone without one will soon be classified as an eccentric or member of the (deep) underclass.
Look at the numbers, In 1985 there were 340,213 cell-phone users. By year-end 2003 there were 159 million. I had once assumed that age or hearing loss would immunize most of the over-60 population against cell phones. Wrong. Among those 60 to 69, cell phone ownership (60 percent) is almost as high as among 18- to 24-year-olds (66 percent), though lower than among 30- to 49-years- olds (76 percent), according to a recent survey from the Pew Research Center. Even among those 80 and older, ownership is 32 percent.
Of course, cell phones have productive uses. For those constantly on the road, they"re a bonus. The same is true for critical workers needed at a moment"s notice. Otherwise, benefits seem gloomy.
They make driving more dangerous, though how much so is unclear. Then, there"s sheer nuisance. Private conversations have gone public. We"ve all been subjected to someone else"s sales meeting, dinner reservation, family argument and dating problem. In 2003 cell phone conversations totaled 830 billion minutes, reckons CTIA. That"s about 75 times greater than in 1991 and almost 50 hours for every man, woman and children in America. How valuable is all this chitchat The average conversation lasts two- and-a-half to three minutes. Surely many could be postponed or forgotten.
Cell phones and, indeed, all wireless devices constitute another chapter in the ongoing breakdown between work and everything else. They pretend to increase your freedom while actually stealing it.
All this is the wave of the future or, more precisely, the present. According to another survey, two thirds of Americans 16 to 29 would choose a ceil phone over a traditional land line. Cell phones, an irresistible force, will soon pull ahead. But I vow to resist just as I"ve resisted ATM cards, laptops and digital cameras. I agree increasingly with the late poet Ogden Nash, who wrote: "Progress might have been all right once, but it"s gone on too long. "The following are the drawbacks brought by cell phones EXCEPT that ______.

A．it wastes us much valuable time
B．it makes you forget what you"ve done
C．it disturbs you when you"re working
D．it has very limited benefits
单项选择题

Questions 6-10
It"s 10 p. m. You may not know where your child is. But the chip does.
The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help. Once paramedics arrive, the chip will also be able to tell the rescue workers which drugs little Johnny or Janic is allergic to. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history.
And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip--the one embedded in your hand.
To some, this may sound far-fetched. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly Alzheimer patients.
"Down the line, it could be used as credit cards and such," says Chris Hables Gray, a professor of cultural studies of science and technology at the University of Great Falls in Montana, "A lot of people won"t have to carry wallets anymore," he says, "what the implications are for this technology, in the long run, is profound. "
Indeed, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.
"Any technology of this kind is easily abusive of personal privacy. " says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "If a kid is trackable, do you want other people to be able to track your kid It"s a double-edged sword. "
Tiny Chips That Know Your Name
The research of embedding microchips isn"t entirely new. Back in 1988, Brian Warwick, a professor of cybernetics at Reading University in London, implanted a chip into his arm as an experiment to see if Warwick"s computer could wirelessly track his whereabouts with the university"s building.
But Applied Digital Solutions, Inc, in Palm Beach, Fla. is one of the latest to try and push the experiments beyond the realm of academic research and into the hands--and bodies--of ordinary humans.
The company says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its VeriChip device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded with bits of information and implanted in humans under a layer of skin. When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip yields the data--says an ID number that links to a computer database file containing more detailed information.
Chipping Blocks
Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chip which yield information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips--such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future--will need to beam out information all the time. And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips.
Another additional barrier, developing tiny GPS receiver chips that could be embedded yet still is sensitive enough to receive signals from thousands of miles out in space. In addition to technical hurdles, many suspect that all sorts of legal and privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.To produce active chips, the problems designers need to solve are as many as ______.

A．two
B．three
C．four
D．five
单项选择题

Questions 21-25
A naked mole rat colony, like a beehive, wasp"s nest, or termite mound, is ruled by its queen, or reproducing female. Other adult female mole rats neither ovulate nor breed. The queen is the largest member of the colony, and she maintains her breeding status through a mixture of behavioral and, presumably, chemical control. Queens have been long-lived in captivity, and when they die or are removed from a colony one sees violent fighting for breeding status among the larger remaining females, leading to a takeover by a new queen.
Eusocial insect societies have rigid caste systems, each insect"s role being defined by its behavior, body shape, and physiology. In naked mole rat societies, on the other hand, differences in behavior are related primarily to reproductive status (reproduction being limited to the queen and a few males), body size, and perhaps age. Smaller non-breeding members, both male and female, seem to participate primarily in gathering food, transporting nest material, and tunneling, larger non-breeders are active in defending the colony and perhaps in removing dirt from the tunnels. One work has suggested that differences in growth rates may influence the length of time that an individual performs a task, regardless of its age.
Cooperative breeding has evolved many times in vertebrates, but unlike naked mole rats, most cooperatively breeding vertebrates (except the wild dog, Lycaon pictus) are dominated by a pair of breeders rather than by a single breeding female. The division of labor within social groups is less pronounced among other vertebrates than among naked mole rats, colony size is much smaller, and mating by subordinate females may not be totally suppressed, whereas in naked mole rat colonies subordinate females are not sexually active, and many never breed.In which of the following ways does the performance of tasks in naked mole rat colonies differ from task performance in eusocial insect societies ______

A．In naked mole rat colonies, all tasks are performed cooperatively.
B．In eusocial insect societies, reproduction is limited to a single female.
C．In naked mole rat colonies, breeding is limited to the largest animals.
D．In naked mole rat colonies, the performance of tasks is less rigidly determined by body shape.
单项选择题

Questions 26-30
Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate live programming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming one giant sound stage for television news. As a result, Marshall McLean"s reference to the post-television world as being a single "global village" is gaining new acceptance and Shakespeare"s famous line, "all the world"s a stage," has taken on an interesting new twist in meaning.
But, beyond the philosophical dimensions of global television communications there are some dramatic, political implications. Even before today"s worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.
Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions, it is most effective when it is revealing the plights of people. It was probably the appalling footage of the Nazi death camps that first demonstrated the power of motion pictures and television to affect the collective consciousness of a world audience. In the United States during the 50"s and 60"s the power of television to stir the consciousness of large numbers of people was demonstrated in another way. Night after night graphic news footage of the civil rights struggle was brought into U.S. homes.
Years later, this role was to take on a new and even more controversial dimension during the Vietnam War. Reading about war was one thing; but war took on a deeper and more unsavory dimension when it was exported directly into U.S. living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash during these times, the Pentagon was thereafter much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.
It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the centre of international politics. "Human rights are the soul of our foreign policy," Carter said. "Of all human rights the most basic is to be free of arbitrary violence, whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, from criminals, or from self-appointed messiahs operating under the cover of politics or religion. "
Although political viewpoints have changed since then, because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the "soul" of television news. The transgression of human rights has been the focus of many, if not most, major international television news stories. The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.The introduction of satellite technology into television broadcast ______.

A．confirmed what Shakespeare said long ago
B．changed the way television news is handled
C．improved the sound effect of television news
D．initiated a shift of emphasis to international politics
单项选择题

Questions 16-20
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people, need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or--independently of any course--simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is. who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating hail of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn"t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.According to this passage, ______.

A．English is a sexist language
B．only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly
C．women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language
D．male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists
单项选择题

Questions 21-25
A naked mole rat colony, like a beehive, wasp"s nest, or termite mound, is ruled by its queen, or reproducing female. Other adult female mole rats neither ovulate nor breed. The queen is the largest member of the colony, and she maintains her breeding status through a mixture of behavioral and, presumably, chemical control. Queens have been long-lived in captivity, and when they die or are removed from a colony one sees violent fighting for breeding status among the larger remaining females, leading to a takeover by a new queen.
Eusocial insect societies have rigid caste systems, each insect"s role being defined by its behavior, body shape, and physiology. In naked mole rat societies, on the other hand, differences in behavior are related primarily to reproductive status (reproduction being limited to the queen and a few males), body size, and perhaps age. Smaller non-breeding members, both male and female, seem to participate primarily in gathering food, transporting nest material, and tunneling, larger non-breeders are active in defending the colony and perhaps in removing dirt from the tunnels. One work has suggested that differences in growth rates may influence the length of time that an individual performs a task, regardless of its age.
Cooperative breeding has evolved many times in vertebrates, but unlike naked mole rats, most cooperatively breeding vertebrates (except the wild dog, Lycaon pictus) are dominated by a pair of breeders rather than by a single breeding female. The division of labor within social groups is less pronounced among other vertebrates than among naked mole rats, colony size is much smaller, and mating by subordinate females may not be totally suppressed, whereas in naked mole rat colonies subordinate females are not sexually active, and many never breed.Which of the following is a supposition rather than a fact concerning the queen in a naked mole rat colony ______

A．She exerts chemical control over the colony.
B．She is the largest member of the colony.
C．She mates with more than one male.
D．She is the only breeding female.
单项选择题

Questions 16-20
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people, need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.
This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or--independently of any course--simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is. who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.
We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating hail of the human race equally.
We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn"t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.This passage most probably is ______.

A．a book review
B．the preface of a book
C．the postscript of a book
D．the concluding part of a book
单项选择题

Questions 26-30
Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate live programming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming one giant sound stage for television news. As a result, Marshall McLean"s reference to the post-television world as being a single "global village" is gaining new acceptance and Shakespeare"s famous line, "all the world"s a stage," has taken on an interesting new twist in meaning.
But, beyond the philosophical dimensions of global television communications there are some dramatic, political implications. Even before today"s worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.
Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions, it is most effective when it is revealing the plights of people. It was probably the appalling footage of the Nazi death camps that first demonstrated the power of motion pictures and television to affect the collective consciousness of a world audience. In the United States during the 50"s and 60"s the power of television to stir the consciousness of large numbers of people was demonstrated in another way. Night after night graphic news footage of the civil rights struggle was brought into U.S. homes.
Years later, this role was to take on a new and even more controversial dimension during the Vietnam War. Reading about war was one thing; but war took on a deeper and more unsavory dimension when it was exported directly into U.S. living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash during these times, the Pentagon was thereafter much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.
It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the centre of international politics. "Human rights are the soul of our foreign policy," Carter said. "Of all human rights the most basic is to be free of arbitrary violence, whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, from criminals, or from self-appointed messiahs operating under the cover of politics or religion. "
Although political viewpoints have changed since then, because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the "soul" of television news. The transgression of human rights has been the focus of many, if not most, major international television news stories. The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.The civil rights struggle in the 50"s and 60"s won public support partly owing to ______.

A．the viewing of the Nazi atrocities on TV
B．the news broadcast through satellite links
C．the impact of televised news on emotions
D．the support provided by a world audience
单项选择题

Questions 21-25
A naked mole rat colony, like a beehive, wasp"s nest, or termite mound, is ruled by its queen, or reproducing female. Other adult female mole rats neither ovulate nor breed. The queen is the largest member of the colony, and she maintains her breeding status through a mixture of behavioral and, presumably, chemical control. Queens have been long-lived in captivity, and when they die or are removed from a colony one sees violent fighting for breeding status among the larger remaining females, leading to a takeover by a new queen.
Eusocial insect societies have rigid caste systems, each insect"s role being defined by its behavior, body shape, and physiology. In naked mole rat societies, on the other hand, differences in behavior are related primarily to reproductive status (reproduction being limited to the queen and a few males), body size, and perhaps age. Smaller non-breeding members, both male and female, seem to participate primarily in gathering food, transporting nest material, and tunneling, larger non-breeders are active in defending the colony and perhaps in removing dirt from the tunnels. One work has suggested that differences in growth rates may influence the length of time that an individual performs a task, regardless of its age.
Cooperative breeding has evolved many times in vertebrates, but unlike naked mole rats, most cooperatively breeding vertebrates (except the wild dog, Lycaon pictus) are dominated by a pair of breeders rather than by a single breeding female. The division of labor within social groups is less pronounced among other vertebrates than among naked mole rats, colony size is much smaller, and mating by subordinate females may not be totally suppressed, whereas in naked mole rat colonies subordinate females are not sexually active, and many never breed.What can you infer from the passage about breeding among Lycaon pictus ______

A．An individual"s ability to breed is related primarily to its rate of growth.
B．Breeding is the only task performed by the breeding female.
C．Breeding in the social group is not cooperative.
D．Breeding is not dominated by a single pair of dogs.
单项选择题

Questions 26-30
Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate live programming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming one giant sound stage for television news. As a result, Marshall McLean"s reference to the post-television world as being a single "global village" is gaining new acceptance and Shakespeare"s famous line, "all the world"s a stage," has taken on an interesting new twist in meaning.
But, beyond the philosophical dimensions of global television communications there are some dramatic, political implications. Even before today"s worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.
Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions, it is most effective when it is revealing the plights of people. It was probably the appalling footage of the Nazi death camps that first demonstrated the power of motion pictures and television to affect the collective consciousness of a world audience. In the United States during the 50"s and 60"s the power of television to stir the consciousness of large numbers of people was demonstrated in another way. Night after night graphic news footage of the civil rights struggle was brought into U.S. homes.
Years later, this role was to take on a new and even more controversial dimension during the Vietnam War. Reading about war was one thing; but war took on a deeper and more unsavory dimension when it was exported directly into U.S. living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash during these times, the Pentagon was thereafter much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.
It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the centre of international politics. "Human rights are the soul of our foreign policy," Carter said. "Of all human rights the most basic is to be free of arbitrary violence, whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, from criminals, or from self-appointed messiahs operating under the cover of politics or religion. "
Although political viewpoints have changed since then, because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the "soul" of television news. The transgression of human rights has been the focus of many, if not most, major international television news stories. The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.President Carter"s major contribution to broadcast news was that he ______.

A．eliminated any kind of censorship of broadcast news
B．encouraged news coverage of the Vietnam War and ended it
C．proclaimed the Pentagon"s control over the media unconstitutional
D．made the transgression of human rights a global focus in broadcast news
单项选择题

Questions 26-30
Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate live programming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming one giant sound stage for television news. As a result, Marshall McLean"s reference to the post-television world as being a single "global village" is gaining new acceptance and Shakespeare"s famous line, "all the world"s a stage," has taken on an interesting new twist in meaning.
But, beyond the philosophical dimensions of global television communications there are some dramatic, political implications. Even before today"s worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.
Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions, it is most effective when it is revealing the plights of people. It was probably the appalling footage of the Nazi death camps that first demonstrated the power of motion pictures and television to affect the collective consciousness of a world audience. In the United States during the 50"s and 60"s the power of television to stir the consciousness of large numbers of people was demonstrated in another way. Night after night graphic news footage of the civil rights struggle was brought into U.S. homes.
Years later, this role was to take on a new and even more controversial dimension during the Vietnam War. Reading about war was one thing; but war took on a deeper and more unsavory dimension when it was exported directly into U.S. living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash during these times, the Pentagon was thereafter much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.
It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the centre of international politics. "Human rights are the soul of our foreign policy," Carter said. "Of all human rights the most basic is to be free of arbitrary violence, whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, from criminals, or from self-appointed messiahs operating under the cover of politics or religion. "
Although political viewpoints have changed since then, because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the "soul" of television news. The transgression of human rights has been the focus of many, if not most, major international television news stories. The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.The television coverage of human rights issues has all the effects EXCEPT ______.

A．reduction in the cases of human rights violation
B．prompted attempts at censorship by dictators
C．increased respect for different cultures and attitudes
D．heightened international concern over human rights abuses
微信扫码免费搜题