单项选择题

The software architecture is a set of software components, subsystems, relationships, interactions,the properties of each of these elements, and the set of guiding principles that together constitute thefundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems. defines ageneral set of element types and their interactions. The examples include Pipes and Filters,Model-View-Controller, and Reflection. A in software architecture is a representationused to understand or document one or more aspects of a problem or solution. Architecture is usually usedin conjunction with many adjunct terms. The defines the key strategies, organization, goalsand related processes of the enterprise. At the enterprise level, the may be more of a set ofguidelines on how the various software architectures should be constructed consistently across theenterprise. The __, which describes the high-level Set of elements involved in applicationfrom a particular domain along with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystem definitionrather than application process level definition.

A．model
B．domain
C．component
D．subsystem

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详细的项目范围说明书是项目成功的关键。______不应该属于范围定义的输入。

A．项目章程
B．项目范围管理计划
C．批准的变更申请
D．项目文档管理方案

单项选择题

某台计算机的CPU主频为1.8GHz，如果2个时钟周期组成1个机器周期，平均3个机器周期可完成1条指令，则该计算机的指令平均执行速度为______MIPS。

A．300
B．600
C．900
D．1800

单项选择题

商标权权利人是指______。

A．商标设计人
B．商标制作人
C．商标使用人
D．注册商标所有人

单项选择题

计算机执行程序时，在一个指令周期的过程中，为了能够从内存中读指令操作码，首先是将______的内容送到地址总线上。

A．程序计数器PC
B．指令寄存器IR
C．状态寄存器SR
D．通用寄存器GR

单项选择题

以下关于系统性能评估方法的描述，错误的是______。

A．指令执行速度法常用每秒百万次指令运算(MIPS)评估系统性能
B．基准程序法主要针对CPU(有时包括主存)的性能，但没有考虑I/O结构、操作系统、编译程序的效率等对系统性能的影响
C．等效指令速度法评估系统性能时需要计算各类指令在程序中所占的比例
D．综合理论性能法(CPT)采用每秒百万次理论运算(MTOPS)评估系统性能

单项选择题

A requirement is simply a statement of what the system must do or what characteristics it needs to have. Requirements written from the perspective of user and focus on user needs are called . Requirements written from the developer"s perspective and describe how the system will be implemented are called . Requirements evolve from detailed statements of the business capabilities that a system should have to detailed statements of the technical way in which the capabilities will be implemented in the new system. Requirements can be either functional or nonfunctional in nature. For example, during the analysis phase of travel vehicles sales system, the system that must have the ability to search for available inventory is . The requirement that the system should be able to work on any Web browser belongs to . That customer personal information is protected in compliance with the Data Protection Act is a requirement of __.

A．operational requirements
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单项选择题

A requirement is simply a statement of what the system must do or what characteristics it needs to have. Requirements written from the perspective of user and focus on user needs are called . Requirements written from the developer"s perspective and describe how the system will be implemented are called . Requirements evolve from detailed statements of the business capabilities that a system should have to detailed statements of the technical way in which the capabilities will be implemented in the new system. Requirements can be either functional or nonfunctional in nature. For example, during the analysis phase of travel vehicles sales system, the system that must have the ability to search for available inventory is . The requirement that the system should be able to work on any Web browser belongs to . That customer personal information is protected in compliance with the Data Protection Act is a requirement of __.

A．operational requirements
B．business requirements
C．technical requirements
D．system requirements

单项选择题

A requirement is simply a statement of what the system must do or what characteristics it needs to have. Requirements written from the perspective of user and focus on user needs are called . Requirements written from the developer"s perspective and describe how the system will be implemented are called . Requirements evolve from detailed statements of the business capabilities that a system should have to detailed statements of the technical way in which the capabilities will be implemented in the new system. Requirements can be either functional or nonfunctional in nature. For example, during the analysis phase of travel vehicles sales system, the system that must have the ability to search for available inventory is . The requirement that the system should be able to work on any Web browser belongs to . That customer personal information is protected in compliance with the Data Protection Act is a requirement of __.

A．a functional requirement
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C．an operational requirement
D．a service requirement

单项选择题

A requirement is simply a statement of what the system must do or what characteristics it needs to have. Requirements written from the perspective of user and focus on user needs are called . Requirements written from the developer"s perspective and describe how the system will be implemented are called . Requirements evolve from detailed statements of the business capabilities that a system should have to detailed statements of the technical way in which the capabilities will be implemented in the new system. Requirements can be either functional or nonfunctional in nature. For example, during the analysis phase of travel vehicles sales system, the system that must have the ability to search for available inventory is . The requirement that the system should be able to work on any Web browser belongs to . That customer personal information is protected in compliance with the Data Protection Act is a requirement of __.

A．functional requirement
B．technical requirement
C．operational requirement
D．information requirement

单项选择题

A requirement is simply a statement of what the system must do or what characteristics it needs to have. Requirements written from the perspective of user and focus on user needs are called . Requirements written from the developer"s perspective and describe how the system will be implemented are called . Requirements evolve from detailed statements of the business capabilities that a system should have to detailed statements of the technical way in which the capabilities will be implemented in the new system. Requirements can be either functional or nonfunctional in nature. For example, during the analysis phase of travel vehicles sales system, the system that must have the ability to search for available inventory is . The requirement that the system should be able to work on any Web browser belongs to . That customer personal information is protected in compliance with the Data Protection Act is a requirement of __.

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单项选择题

某公司需要将4吨贵金属材料分配给下属的甲、乙、丙三个子公司(单位：吨)。据测算，各子公司得到这些材料后所能获得的利润(单位：万元)见下表。

根据此表，只要材料分配适当，该公司最多可以获得利润______万元。

A．14
B．16
C．17
D．18

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软件架构设计包括提出架构模型、产生架构设计和进行设计评审等活动，是一个迭代的过程。以下关于软件架构设计活动的描述中，错误的是______。

A．在建立软件架构的初期，一般需要选择一个合适的架构风格
B．将架构分析阶段已标识的构件映射到架构中，并分析这些构件之间的关系
C．软件架构设计活动将已标识构件集成到软件架构中，设计并实现这些构件
D．一旦得到了详细的软件架构设计，需要邀请独立于系统开发的外部人员对系统进行评审

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______是一个独立可交付的功能单元，外界通过接口访问其提供的服务。

A．面向对象系统中的对象(Object)
B．模块化程序设计中的子程序(Subroutine)
C．基于构件开发中的构件(Component)
D．系统模型中的包(Package)

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运用信息技术进行知识的挖掘和______的管理是企业信息化建设的重要活动。

A．业务流程
B．IT基础设施
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软件开发环境是支持软件产品开发的软件系统，它由软件工具集和环境集成机制构成。环境集成机制包括：提供统一的数据模式和数据接口规范的数据集成机制；支持各开发活动之间通信、切换、调度和协同的；为统一操作方式提供支持的。

A．操作集成机制
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C．平台集成机制
D．界面集成机制

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某虚拟存储系统采用最近最少使用(LRU)页面淘汰算法，假定系统为每个作业分配4个页面的主存空间，其中一个页面用来存放程序。现有某作业的程序如下：
Var A: Array[1..100, 1..100] OF integor;
i, j: integer;
FOR i:=1 to 100 DO
FOR j:=1 to 100 DO
A[i, j]:=0;
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A．50
B．100
C．5000
D．10000

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软件开发环境是支持软件产品开发的软件系统，它由软件工具集和环境集成机制构成。环境集成机制包括：提供统一的数据模式和数据接口规范的数据集成机制；支持各开发活动之间通信、切换、调度和协同的；为统一操作方式提供支持的。

A．操作集成机制
B．控制集成机制
C．平台集成机制
D．界面集成机制

单项选择题

某虚拟存储系统采用最近最少使用(LRU)页面淘汰算法，假定系统为每个作业分配4个页面的主存空间，其中一个页面用来存放程序。现有某作业的程序如下：
Var A: Array[1..100, 1..100] OF integor;
i, j: integer;
FOR i:=1 to 100 DO
FOR j:=1 to 100 DO
A[i, j]:=0;
设每个页面可存放200个整数变量，变量i、j存放在程序页中。初始时，程序及i、j均已在内存，其余3页为空。若矩阵A按行序存放，那么当程序执行完后共产生次缺页中断；若矩阵A按列序存放，那么当程序执行完后共产生次缺页中断。

A．50
B．100
C．5000
D．10000

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2014年1月，由于DNS根服务器被攻击，国内许多互联网用户无法访问.com域名网站，这种恶意攻击可能造成的危害是______。

A．创造条件，攻击相应的服务器
B．快速入侵互联网用户的计算机
C．将正常网站的域名解析到错误的地址
D．以上都是

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某风险投资公司拥有的总资金数为25，分期为项目P1、P2、P3、P4投资，各项目投资情况如下表所示。公司的可用资金数为。若P1和P3分别申请资金数1和2，则公司资金管理处。

项目最大资金已用资金尚需资金

P1 9 5 4

P2 12 5 7

P3 8 6 2

P4 13 7 6

A．0
B．1
C．2
D．3

单项选择题

数据备份是信息系统运行管理时保护数据的重要措施。可针对上次任何一种备份进行，将上次备份后所有发生变化的数据进行备份，并将备份后的数据进行标记。

A．增量备份
B．差异备份
C．完全备份
D．按需备份

单项选择题

某风险投资公司拥有的总资金数为25，分期为项目P1、P2、P3、P4投资，各项目投资情况如下表所示。公司的可用资金数为。若P1和P3分别申请资金数1和2，则公司资金管理处。

项目最大资金已用资金尚需资金

P1 9 5 4

P2 12 5 7

P3 8 6 2

P4 13 7 6

A．只能先为项目P1进行投资，因为投资后公司资金周转状态是安全的
B．只能先为项目P3进行投资，因为投资后公司资金周转状态是安全的
C．可以同时为项目P1、P3进行投资，因投资后公司资金周转状态是安全的
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单项选择题

某企业工程项目管理数据库的部分关系模式如下所示，其中带实下划线的表示主键，虚下划线的表示外键。

其中供应关系是的联系。若一个工程项目可以有多个员工参加，每个员工可以参加多个项目，则项目和员工之间是联系。对项目和员工关系进行设计时，__设计成一个独立的关系模式。

A．2个实体之间的1:n
B．2个实体之间的n:m
C．3个实体之间的1:n:m
D．3个实体之间的k:n:m

单项选择题

某企业工程项目管理数据库的部分关系模式如下所示，其中带实下划线的表示主键，虚下划线的表示外键。

其中供应关系是的联系。若一个工程项目可以有多个员工参加，每个员工可以参加多个项目，则项目和员工之间是联系。对项目和员工关系进行设计时，__设计成一个独立的关系模式。

A．1:1
B．1:n
C．n:m
D．n:1

单项选择题

某企业工程项目管理数据库的部分关系模式如下所示，其中带实下划线的表示主键，虚下划线的表示外键。

其中供应关系是的联系。若一个工程项目可以有多个员工参加，每个员工可以参加多个项目，则项目和员工之间是联系。对项目和员工关系进行设计时，__设计成一个独立的关系模式。

A．多对多的联系在向关系模型转换时必须
B．多对多的联系在向关系模型转换时无须
C．只需要将一端的码并入多端，所以无须
D．不仅需要将一端的码并入多端，而且必须

单项选择题

螺旋模型将整个软件开发过程分为多个阶段，每个阶段都由目标设定、______、开发和有效性验证、评审4个部分组成。

A．需求分析
B．风险分析
C．系统设计
D．架构设计

单项选择题

网络系统生命周期可以划分为5个阶段，实施这5个阶段的合理顺序是______。

A．需求规范、通信规范、逻辑网络设计、物理网络设计、实施阶段
B．需求规范、逻辑网络设计、通信规范、物理网络设计、实施阶段
C．通信规范、物理网络设计、需求规范、逻辑网络设计、实施阶段
D．通信规范、需求规范、逻辑网络设计、物理网络设计、实施阶段

单项选择题

在异步通信中，每个字符包含1位起始位、7位数据位、1位奇偶位和2位终止位，每秒钟传送100个字符，则有效数据速率为______。

A．100b/s
B．700b/s
C．800b/s
D．1000b/s

单项选择题

以下关于Cache的叙述中，正确的是______。

A．在容量确定的情况下，替换算法的时间复杂度是影响Cache命中率的关键因素
B．Cache的设计思想是在合理的成本下提高命中率
C．Cache的设计目标是容量尽可能与主存容量相等
D．CPU中的Cache容量应大于CPU之外的Cache容量

单项选择题

CPU访问存储器时，被访问数据倾向于聚集在一个较小的连续区域中，若一个存储单元已被访问，则其邻近的存储单元有可能还要被访问，该特性被称为______。

A．指令局部性
B．数据局部性
C．时间局部性
D．空间局部性

单项选择题

计算机系统中主机与外设问的输入输出控制方式有多种，其中占用主机CPU时间最多的是______方式。

A．通道方式
B．DMA
C．中断
D．程序查询

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下列关于不同软件开发方法所使用的模型的描述中，正确的是______。

A．在进行结构化分析时，必须使用数据流图和软件结构图这两种模型
B．采用面向对象开发方法时，可以使用状态图和活动图对系统的动态行为进行建模
C．实体联系图(E-R图)是在数据库逻辑结构设计时才开始创建的模型
D．UML的活动图与程序流程图的表达能力等价

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某大型公司欲开发一个门户系统，该系统以商业流程和企业应用为核心，将商业流程中不同的功能模块通过门户集成在一起，以提高公司的集中贸易能力、协同能力和信息管理能力。根据这种需求，采用企业______门户解决方案最为合适。

A．信息
B．知识
C．应用
D．垂直

单项选择题

9个项目A11、A12、A13、A21、A22、A23、A31、A32、A33的成本从1百万、2百万，到9百万各不相同，但并不顺序对应。已知A11与A21、A12与A22的成本都有一倍关系，A11与A12、A21与A31、A22与A23、A23与A33的成本都相差1百万。由此可以推断，项目A22的成本是______百万。

A．2
B．4
C．6
D．8

单项选择题

RUP中的软件过程在时间上被分解为4个顺序的阶段：初始阶段、细化阶段、构建阶段和移交阶段。架构的确定与建立是在______完成的。

A．初始阶段
B．细化阶段
C．构建阶段
D．移交阶段

单项选择题

峰值MIPS(每秒百万次指令数)用来描述计算机的定点运算速度，通过对计算机指令集中基本指令的执行速度计算得到。假设某计算机中基本指令的执行需要5个机器周期，每个机器周期为3微秒，则该计算机的定点运算速度为______MIPS。

A．8
B．15
C．0.125
D．0.067

单项选择题

______把整个软件开发流程分成多个阶段，每一个阶段都由目标设定、风险分析、开发和有效性验证以及评审构成。

A．原型模型
B．瀑布模型
C．螺旋模型
D．V模型

单项选择题

以下关于系统性能的叙述中，不正确的是______。

A．常见的Web服务器性能评估方法有基准测试、压力测试和可靠性测试
B．评价Web服务器的主要性能指标有最大并发连接数、响应延迟和吞吐量
C．对运行系统进行性能评估的主要目的是以更好的性能/价格比更新系统
D．当系统性能降到基本水平时，需要查找影响性能的瓶颈并消除该瓶颈

单项选择题

王教授2002年3月1日自行将我国《计算机软件保护条例》译成法文，投递给某杂志社，于2002年6月1日发表。国家有关行政部门认为王教授的译文质量很高，经与王教授协商，于2003年2月10日发文将该译文定为官方正式译文。王教授对其译文享有著作权的期限为______。

A．2002年3月1日至2052年3月1日
B．2002年6月1日至2052年12月30日
C．2002年3月1日至2003年2月10日
D．2002年3月1日至去世后50年

单项选择题

王某是一名软件设计师，随着软件开发过程的完成，编写了多份软件文档，并上交公司存档。其软件文档属于职务作品，______。

A．著作权由公司享有
B．著作权由软件设计师享有
C．除署名权以外，著作权的其他权利由软件设计师享有
D．著作权由公司和软件设计师共同享有

单项选择题

某公司研发一种语音识别软件系统，需要对用户的语音指令进行音节分割、重音判断、语法分析和语义分析，最终对用户的意图进行推断。针对上述功能需求，该语音识别软件应该采用______架构风格最为合适。

A．隐式调用
B．管道-过滤器
C．解释器
D．黑板

单项选择题

以下我国的标准代号中，______表示行业标准。

A．GB
B．SJ
C．DB11
D．.Q

单项选择题

给定关系模式R(U, F)，U={A, B, C, D}，F={AB→C, CD→B}。关系R，且分别有。

A．只有1个候选关键字ACB
B．只有1个候选关键字BCD
C．有2个候选关键字ACD和ABD
D．有2个候选关键字ACB和BCD

单项选择题

给定关系模式R(U, F)，U={A, B, C, D}，F={AB→C, CD→B}。关系R，且分别有。

A．0个非主属性和4个主属性
B．1个非主属性和3个主属性
C．2个非主属性和2个主属性
D．3个非主属性和1个主属性

单项选择题

企业信息资源集成管理的前提是对企业的集成，其核心是对企业的集成。

A．信息功能
B．信息设施
C．信息活动
D．信息处理

单项选择题

企业信息资源集成管理的前提是对企业的集成，其核心是对企业的集成。

A．业务流
B．内部信息流
C．外部信息流
D．内部和外部信息流

单项选择题

软件架构是降低成本、改进质量、按时和按需交付产品的关键因素。以下关于软件架构的描述中，错误的是______。

A．根据用户需求，能够确定一个最佳的软件架构，指导整个软件的开发过程
B．软件架构设计需要满足系统的质量属性，如性能、安全性和可修改性等
C．软件架构设计需要确定组件之间的依赖关系，支持项目计划和管理活动
D．软件架构能够指导设计人员和实现人员的工作

单项选择题

软件质量保证是软件项目控制的重要手段，______是软件质量保证的主要活动之一。

A．风险评估
B．软件评审
C．需求分析
D．架构设计

单项选择题

The software architecture is a set of software components, subsystems, relationships, interactions,the properties of each of these elements, and the set of guiding principles that together constitute thefundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems. defines ageneral set of element types and their interactions. The examples include Pipes and Filters,Model-View-Controller, and Reflection. A in software architecture is a representationused to understand or document one or more aspects of a problem or solution. Architecture is usually usedin conjunction with many adjunct terms. The defines the key strategies, organization, goalsand related processes of the enterprise. At the enterprise level, the may be more of a set ofguidelines on how the various software architectures should be constructed consistently across theenterprise. The __, which describes the high-level Set of elements involved in applicationfrom a particular domain along with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystem definitionrather than application process level definition.

A．Architectural pattern
B．Architectural description
C．Architectural view
D．Architectural viewpoint

单项选择题

The software architecture is a set of software components, subsystems, relationships, interactions,the properties of each of these elements, and the set of guiding principles that together constitute thefundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems. defines ageneral set of element types and their interactions. The examples include Pipes and Filters,Model-View-Controller, and Reflection. A in software architecture is a representationused to understand or document one or more aspects of a problem or solution. Architecture is usually usedin conjunction with many adjunct terms. The defines the key strategies, organization, goalsand related processes of the enterprise. At the enterprise level, the may be more of a set ofguidelines on how the various software architectures should be constructed consistently across theenterprise. The __, which describes the high-level Set of elements involved in applicationfrom a particular domain along with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystem definitionrather than application process level definition.

A．model
B．domain
C．component
D．subsystem

单项选择题

The software architecture is a set of software components, subsystems, relationships, interactions,the properties of each of these elements, and the set of guiding principles that together constitute thefundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems. defines ageneral set of element types and their interactions. The examples include Pipes and Filters,Model-View-Controller, and Reflection. A in software architecture is a representationused to understand or document one or more aspects of a problem or solution. Architecture is usually usedin conjunction with many adjunct terms. The defines the key strategies, organization, goalsand related processes of the enterprise. At the enterprise level, the may be more of a set ofguidelines on how the various software architectures should be constructed consistently across theenterprise. The __, which describes the high-level Set of elements involved in applicationfrom a particular domain along with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystem definitionrather than application process level definition.

A．enterprise architecture
B．technical architecture
C．infrastructure architecture
D．business architecture

单项选择题

The software architecture is a set of software components, subsystems, relationships, interactions,the properties of each of these elements, and the set of guiding principles that together constitute thefundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems. defines ageneral set of element types and their interactions. The examples include Pipes and Filters,Model-View-Controller, and Reflection. A in software architecture is a representationused to understand or document one or more aspects of a problem or solution. Architecture is usually usedin conjunction with many adjunct terms. The defines the key strategies, organization, goalsand related processes of the enterprise. At the enterprise level, the may be more of a set ofguidelines on how the various software architectures should be constructed consistently across theenterprise. The __, which describes the high-level Set of elements involved in applicationfrom a particular domain along with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystem definitionrather than application process level definition.

A．enterprise architecture
B．data architecture
C．application architecture
D．information architecture

单项选择题

The software architecture is a set of software components, subsystems, relationships, interactions,the properties of each of these elements, and the set of guiding principles that together constitute thefundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems. defines ageneral set of element types and their interactions. The examples include Pipes and Filters,Model-View-Controller, and Reflection. A in software architecture is a representationused to understand or document one or more aspects of a problem or solution. Architecture is usually usedin conjunction with many adjunct terms. The defines the key strategies, organization, goalsand related processes of the enterprise. At the enterprise level, the may be more of a set ofguidelines on how the various software architectures should be constructed consistently across theenterprise. The __, which describes the high-level Set of elements involved in applicationfrom a particular domain along with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystem definitionrather than application process level definition.

A．product-line architecture
B．reference architecture
C．technology architecture
D．infrastructure architecture