专业英语四级题库_大学英语题库

填空题

A．opportunity B．slums C．productivity D．subsequent
E．threaten F．proceeding G．commitment H．priority
I．preys J．supplying K．locality L．conference
M．looming N．conservation O．condemns
The most precious fluid on earth is not oil, but water. There are few challenges as important as conserving the world"s usable water and 1 clean drinking water and water for irrigation to those who need it. Yet this work is not getting done. Humans are depleting the earth"s store of us able water at a rate that will soon 2 our food supply. Poor water management already kills millions of people a year and 3 hundreds of millions to hunger.
The technology exists to solve these problems. Providing 4 with drinking water and sanitation, for example, is easy to do and a cost-effective way to prevent deaths and disease. But because those who suffer are poor, their access to water is rarely a political 5 . There is now a(n) 6 for progress. More than 100 water ministers from around the world, along with thousands of water experts from villagers to scientists, have gathered in the Netherlands. The 7 will be useful if it can persuade governments and international banks to pay more attention to 8 and fair distribution of water.
In 1980, the U.N. set a goal of safe drinking water for all by 1990. Because of international prodding, about two billion new people received clean drinking water over the 9 14 years. A new 10 is urgently needed to spread these healthy gains, help poor farmers and conserve the world"s precious supply of us able water.

答案： J[考点] 考查动词。
空格前为并列连词and，因此空格处应填入和conserving并列的动词现在分词。结合...

填空题

A．opportunity B．slums C．productivity D．subsequent
E．threaten F．proceeding G．commitment H．priority
I．preys J．supplying K．locality L．conference
M．looming N．conservation O．condemns
The most precious fluid on earth is not oil, but water. There are few challenges as important as conserving the world"s usable water and 1 clean drinking water and water for irrigation to those who need it. Yet this work is not getting done. Humans are depleting the earth"s store of us able water at a rate that will soon 2 our food supply. Poor water management already kills millions of people a year and 3 hundreds of millions to hunger.
The technology exists to solve these problems. Providing 4 with drinking water and sanitation, for example, is easy to do and a cost-effective way to prevent deaths and disease. But because those who suffer are poor, their access to water is rarely a political 5 . There is now a(n) 6 for progress. More than 100 water ministers from around the world, along with thousands of water experts from villagers to scientists, have gathered in the Netherlands. The 7 will be useful if it can persuade governments and international banks to pay more attention to 8 and fair distribution of water.
In 1980, the U.N. set a goal of safe drinking water for all by 1990. Because of international prodding, about two billion new people received clean drinking water over the 9 14 years. A new 10 is urgently needed to spread these healthy gains, help poor farmers and conserve the world"s precious supply of us able water.

答案： E[考点] 考查动词。
空格前为副词soon，再由之前的will可知，空格处应填入动词原形。结合句意“人类正在...

填空题

A．accumulates B．veiled C．fascinating D．pasture
E．procedure F．barren G．terminating H．endure
I．moisture J．secondary K．stimulates L．lodged
M．texture N．brief O．machine
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of man"s 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earth"s surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.

答案： N[考点] 考查形容词。
空格前为形容词性物主代词man"s，空格后为名词life，因此空格处应填入形容词、动...

填空题

A．Likewise B．habitat C．lunar D．traits
E．solar F．deprives G．cultures H．sense
I．Especially J．obvious K．derives L．scene
M．evolve N．shelter O．shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems 21 . But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people"s relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and 22 . Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural 23 . Some societal variation 24 from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and 25 a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural 26 . Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. 27 , technology-the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest 28 , technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, 29 , and so on ). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our 30 to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.

答案： J[考点] 考查形容词。
空格前为系动词seems，因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的过去分词作表语。结合句意“‘...

填空题

A．opportunity B．slums C．productivity D．subsequent
E．threaten F．proceeding G．commitment H．priority
I．preys J．supplying K．locality L．conference
M．looming N．conservation O．condemns
The most precious fluid on earth is not oil, but water. There are few challenges as important as conserving the world"s usable water and 1 clean drinking water and water for irrigation to those who need it. Yet this work is not getting done. Humans are depleting the earth"s store of us able water at a rate that will soon 2 our food supply. Poor water management already kills millions of people a year and 3 hundreds of millions to hunger.
The technology exists to solve these problems. Providing 4 with drinking water and sanitation, for example, is easy to do and a cost-effective way to prevent deaths and disease. But because those who suffer are poor, their access to water is rarely a political 5 . There is now a(n) 6 for progress. More than 100 water ministers from around the world, along with thousands of water experts from villagers to scientists, have gathered in the Netherlands. The 7 will be useful if it can persuade governments and international banks to pay more attention to 8 and fair distribution of water.
In 1980, the U.N. set a goal of safe drinking water for all by 1990. Because of international prodding, about two billion new people received clean drinking water over the 9 14 years. A new 10 is urgently needed to spread these healthy gains, help poor farmers and conserve the world"s precious supply of us able water.

答案： O[考点] 考查动词。
空格前为并列连词and，因此空格处应填入和kills并列的第三人称单数形式的动词。结合...

填空题

A．accumulates B．veiled C．fascinating D．pasture
E．procedure F．barren G．terminating H．endure
I．moisture J．secondary K．stimulates L．lodged
M．texture N．brief O．machine
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of man"s 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earth"s surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.

答案： I[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为并列连词and，因此空格处应填入和temperature并列的名词。结合选项以...

填空题

A．Likewise B．habitat C．lunar D．traits
E．solar F．deprives G．cultures H．sense
I．Especially J．obvious K．derives L．scene
M．evolve N．shelter O．shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems 21 . But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people"s relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and 22 . Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural 23 . Some societal variation 24 from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and 25 a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural 26 . Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. 27 , technology-the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest 28 , technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, 29 , and so on ). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our 30 to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.

答案： N[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为连词and，因此空格处应填入和food、clothing并列的名词。综观选项，...

填空题

A．opportunity B．slums C．productivity D．subsequent
E．threaten F．proceeding G．commitment H．priority
I．preys J．supplying K．locality L．conference
M．looming N．conservation O．condemns
The most precious fluid on earth is not oil, but water. There are few challenges as important as conserving the world"s usable water and 1 clean drinking water and water for irrigation to those who need it. Yet this work is not getting done. Humans are depleting the earth"s store of us able water at a rate that will soon 2 our food supply. Poor water management already kills millions of people a year and 3 hundreds of millions to hunger.
The technology exists to solve these problems. Providing 4 with drinking water and sanitation, for example, is easy to do and a cost-effective way to prevent deaths and disease. But because those who suffer are poor, their access to water is rarely a political 5 . There is now a(n) 6 for progress. More than 100 water ministers from around the world, along with thousands of water experts from villagers to scientists, have gathered in the Netherlands. The 7 will be useful if it can persuade governments and international banks to pay more attention to 8 and fair distribution of water.
In 1980, the U.N. set a goal of safe drinking water for all by 1990. Because of international prodding, about two billion new people received clean drinking water over the 9 14 years. A new 10 is urgently needed to spread these healthy gains, help poor farmers and conserve the world"s precious supply of us able water.

答案： B[考点] 考查名词。
空格所在句包含provide sb. /sth. with sth.的固定搭配，由此可...

填空题

A．accumulates B．veiled C．fascinating D．pasture
E．procedure F．barren G．terminating H．endure
I．moisture J．secondary K．stimulates L．lodged
M．texture N．brief O．machine
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of man"s 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earth"s surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.

答案： C[考点] 考查形容词。
上文提到，以前地球上所有的地方都有不适合植物生长的时候；该句则指出，“然而，一旦气候...

填空题

A．outstanding B．Unfortunately C．promoting D．sauce
E．organized F．annual G．Overwhelming H．injuries
I．mean J．impaired K．unwillingness L．convince
M．excluded N．source O．indulging
About 50 years ago, the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the 31 games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up a(n) 32 centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are 33 separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. 34 , they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in 35 international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not 36 you can"t enjoy sports. One small 37 of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the 38 of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to 39 those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be 40 .

答案： F[考点] 考查形容词。
该空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词games，因此空格处应填入形容词、动词的过去分...

填空题

A．Likewise B．habitat C．lunar D．traits
E．solar F．deprives G．cultures H．sense
I．Especially J．obvious K．derives L．scene
M．evolve N．shelter O．shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems 21 . But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people"s relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and 22 . Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural 23 . Some societal variation 24 from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and 25 a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural 26 . Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. 27 , technology-the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest 28 , technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, 29 , and so on ). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our 30 to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.

答案： B[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为形容词natural，再由之前的并列连词and可知，空格处应填入和organi...

填空题

A．opportunity B．slums C．productivity D．subsequent
E．threaten F．proceeding G．commitment H．priority
I．preys J．supplying K．locality L．conference
M．looming N．conservation O．condemns
The most precious fluid on earth is not oil, but water. There are few challenges as important as conserving the world"s usable water and 1 clean drinking water and water for irrigation to those who need it. Yet this work is not getting done. Humans are depleting the earth"s store of us able water at a rate that will soon 2 our food supply. Poor water management already kills millions of people a year and 3 hundreds of millions to hunger.
The technology exists to solve these problems. Providing 4 with drinking water and sanitation, for example, is easy to do and a cost-effective way to prevent deaths and disease. But because those who suffer are poor, their access to water is rarely a political 5 . There is now a(n) 6 for progress. More than 100 water ministers from around the world, along with thousands of water experts from villagers to scientists, have gathered in the Netherlands. The 7 will be useful if it can persuade governments and international banks to pay more attention to 8 and fair distribution of water.
In 1980, the U.N. set a goal of safe drinking water for all by 1990. Because of international prodding, about two billion new people received clean drinking water over the 9 14 years. A new 10 is urgently needed to spread these healthy gains, help poor farmers and conserve the world"s precious supply of us able water.

答案： H[考点] 考查名同
空格前为形容词political，因此空格处应填入名词。结合句意“因为受苦的是穷人，所以...

填空题

A．accumulates B．veiled C．fascinating D．pasture
E．procedure F．barren G．terminating H．endure
I．moisture J．secondary K．stimulates L．lodged
M．texture N．brief O．machine
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of man"s 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earth"s surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.

答案： F[考点] 考查形容词。
空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词lands，因此空格处应填入形容词、动词的过去分词...

填空题

A．outstanding B．Unfortunately C．promoting D．sauce
E．organized F．annual G．Overwhelming H．injuries
I．mean J．impaired K．unwillingness L．convince
M．excluded N．source O．indulging
About 50 years ago, the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the 31 games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up a(n) 32 centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are 33 separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. 34 , they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in 35 international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not 36 you can"t enjoy sports. One small 37 of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the 38 of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to 39 those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be 40 .

答案： H[考点] 考查名词。
由下一句“他关于治疗伤痛的想法包括让残疾人参加运动”推断，格特曼建立的中心应该和治疗伤...

填空题

A．Likewise B．habitat C．lunar D．traits
E．solar F．deprives G．cultures H．sense
I．Especially J．obvious K．derives L．scene
M．evolve N．shelter O．shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems 21 . But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people"s relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and 22 . Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural 23 . Some societal variation 24 from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and 25 a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural 26 . Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. 27 , technology-the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest 28 , technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, 29 , and so on ). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our 30 to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.

答案： K[考点] 考查动词。
该句缺少谓语，因此空格处应填入动词。结合句意“一些社会变化______不同生态系统做出...

填空题

A．accumulates B．veiled C．fascinating D．pasture
E．procedure F．barren G．terminating H．endure
I．moisture J．secondary K．stimulates L．lodged
M．texture N．brief O．machine
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of man"s 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earth"s surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.

答案： A[考点] 考查动词。
空格所在分句缺少谓语，再根据分句主语plant debris可知空格处应填入动词第三人...

填空题

A．opportunity B．slums C．productivity D．subsequent
E．threaten F．proceeding G．commitment H．priority
I．preys J．supplying K．locality L．conference
M．looming N．conservation O．condemns
The most precious fluid on earth is not oil, but water. There are few challenges as important as conserving the world"s usable water and 1 clean drinking water and water for irrigation to those who need it. Yet this work is not getting done. Humans are depleting the earth"s store of us able water at a rate that will soon 2 our food supply. Poor water management already kills millions of people a year and 3 hundreds of millions to hunger.
The technology exists to solve these problems. Providing 4 with drinking water and sanitation, for example, is easy to do and a cost-effective way to prevent deaths and disease. But because those who suffer are poor, their access to water is rarely a political 5 . There is now a(n) 6 for progress. More than 100 water ministers from around the world, along with thousands of water experts from villagers to scientists, have gathered in the Netherlands. The 7 will be useful if it can persuade governments and international banks to pay more attention to 8 and fair distribution of water.
In 1980, the U.N. set a goal of safe drinking water for all by 1990. Because of international prodding, about two billion new people received clean drinking water over the 9 14 years. A new 10 is urgently needed to spread these healthy gains, help poor farmers and conserve the world"s precious supply of us able water.

答案： A[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为不定冠词a(n)，因此空格处应填入名词。结合选项和句意“现在有一个改进的___...

填空题

A．outstanding B．Unfortunately C．promoting D．sauce
E．organized F．annual G．Overwhelming H．injuries
I．mean J．impaired K．unwillingness L．convince
M．excluded N．source O．indulging
About 50 years ago, the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the 31 games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up a(n) 32 centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are 33 separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. 34 , they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in 35 international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not 36 you can"t enjoy sports. One small 37 of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the 38 of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to 39 those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be 40 .

答案： E[考点] 考查动词。
空格前为系动词are，之后为副词separately，因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词，...

填空题

A．Likewise B．habitat C．lunar D．traits
E．solar F．deprives G．cultures H．sense
I．Especially J．obvious K．derives L．scene
M．evolve N．shelter O．shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems 21 . But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people"s relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and 22 . Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural 23 . Some societal variation 24 from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and 25 a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural 26 . Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. 27 , technology-the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest 28 , technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, 29 , and so on ). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our 30 to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.

答案： M[考点] 考查动词。
空格前为并列连词and，因此空格处应填入和confront并列的动词原形。结合句意“我...

填空题

A．accumulates B．veiled C．fascinating D．pasture
E．procedure F．barren G．terminating H．endure
I．moisture J．secondary K．stimulates L．lodged
M．texture N．brief O．machine
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of man"s 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earth"s surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.

答案： H[考点] 考查动词。
空格前为情态动词may，因此空格处应填入动词原形。结合句意“形成一个可以______几...

填空题

A．opportunity B．slums C．productivity D．subsequent
E．threaten F．proceeding G．commitment H．priority
I．preys J．supplying K．locality L．conference
M．looming N．conservation O．condemns
The most precious fluid on earth is not oil, but water. There are few challenges as important as conserving the world"s usable water and 1 clean drinking water and water for irrigation to those who need it. Yet this work is not getting done. Humans are depleting the earth"s store of us able water at a rate that will soon 2 our food supply. Poor water management already kills millions of people a year and 3 hundreds of millions to hunger.
The technology exists to solve these problems. Providing 4 with drinking water and sanitation, for example, is easy to do and a cost-effective way to prevent deaths and disease. But because those who suffer are poor, their access to water is rarely a political 5 . There is now a(n) 6 for progress. More than 100 water ministers from around the world, along with thousands of water experts from villagers to scientists, have gathered in the Netherlands. The 7 will be useful if it can persuade governments and international banks to pay more attention to 8 and fair distribution of water.
In 1980, the U.N. set a goal of safe drinking water for all by 1990. Because of international prodding, about two billion new people received clean drinking water over the 9 14 years. A new 10 is urgently needed to spread these healthy gains, help poor farmers and conserve the world"s precious supply of us able water.

答案： L[考点] 考查名词。
根据上下文可知，空格处所填单词指的应该是上文提到的100多个水利部长和上千位专家聚集在...

填空题

A．Likewise B．habitat C．lunar D．traits
E．solar F．deprives G．cultures H．sense
I．Especially J．obvious K．derives L．scene
M．evolve N．shelter O．shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems 21 . But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people"s relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and 22 . Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural 23 . Some societal variation 24 from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and 25 a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural 26 . Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. 27 , technology-the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest 28 , technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, 29 , and so on ). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our 30 to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.

答案： D[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为形容词cultural，因此空格处应填入名词。结合句意“随着我们创造稳定有序的...

填空题

A．outstanding B．Unfortunately C．promoting D．sauce
E．organized F．annual G．Overwhelming H．injuries
I．mean J．impaired K．unwillingness L．convince
M．excluded N．source O．indulging
About 50 years ago, the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the 31 games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up a(n) 32 centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are 33 separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. 34 , they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in 35 international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not 36 you can"t enjoy sports. One small 37 of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the 38 of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to 39 those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be 40 .

答案： B[考点] 考查副词。
空格位于句首且之后为逗号，因此空格处应填入首字母大写的副词作状语。结合句意“_____...

填空题

A．accumulates B．veiled C．fascinating D．pasture
E．procedure F．barren G．terminating H．endure
I．moisture J．secondary K．stimulates L．lodged
M．texture N．brief O．machine
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of man"s 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earth"s surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.

答案： D[考点] 考查名词。
空格后为并列连词or，因此空格处应填入和cultivation并列的名词。结合选项，可...

填空题

A．opportunity B．slums C．productivity D．subsequent
E．threaten F．proceeding G．commitment H．priority
I．preys J．supplying K．locality L．conference
M．looming N．conservation O．condemns
The most precious fluid on earth is not oil, but water. There are few challenges as important as conserving the world"s usable water and 1 clean drinking water and water for irrigation to those who need it. Yet this work is not getting done. Humans are depleting the earth"s store of us able water at a rate that will soon 2 our food supply. Poor water management already kills millions of people a year and 3 hundreds of millions to hunger.
The technology exists to solve these problems. Providing 4 with drinking water and sanitation, for example, is easy to do and a cost-effective way to prevent deaths and disease. But because those who suffer are poor, their access to water is rarely a political 5 . There is now a(n) 6 for progress. More than 100 water ministers from around the world, along with thousands of water experts from villagers to scientists, have gathered in the Netherlands. The 7 will be useful if it can persuade governments and international banks to pay more attention to 8 and fair distribution of water.
In 1980, the U.N. set a goal of safe drinking water for all by 1990. Because of international prodding, about two billion new people received clean drinking water over the 9 14 years. A new 10 is urgently needed to spread these healthy gains, help poor farmers and conserve the world"s precious supply of us able water.

答案： N[考点] 考查名词。
空格后为并列连词and，因此空格处应填入和fair distribution并列的名词...

填空题

A．outstanding B．Unfortunately C．promoting D．sauce
E．organized F．annual G．Overwhelming H．injuries
I．mean J．impaired K．unwillingness L．convince
M．excluded N．source O．indulging
About 50 years ago, the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the 31 games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up a(n) 32 centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are 33 separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. 34 , they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in 35 international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not 36 you can"t enjoy sports. One small 37 of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the 38 of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to 39 those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be 40 .

答案： C[考点] 考查动词。
空格前为介词in，再由逗号后的并列连词and可知，空格处应填入和proving并列的动...

填空题

A．Likewise B．habitat C．lunar D．traits
E．solar F．deprives G．cultures H．sense
I．Especially J．obvious K．derives L．scene
M．evolve N．shelter O．shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems 21 . But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people"s relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and 22 . Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural 23 . Some societal variation 24 from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and 25 a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural 26 . Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. 27 , technology-the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest 28 , technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, 29 , and so on ). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our 30 to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.

答案： A[考点] 考查副词。
空格位于句首且之后为逗号，可知空格处应填入一个副词。空格所在句意为______，技术，...

填空题

A．accumulates B．veiled C．fascinating D．pasture
E．procedure F．barren G．terminating H．endure
I．moisture J．secondary K．stimulates L．lodged
M．texture N．brief O．machine
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of man"s 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earth"s surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.

答案： J[考点] 考查形容词。
空格所在句意为“如果这块土地被废弃，一个______过程就会接替进行，在更适宜的土壤...

填空题

A．Likewise B．habitat C．lunar D．traits
E．solar F．deprives G．cultures H．sense
I．Especially J．obvious K．derives L．scene
M．evolve N．shelter O．shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems 21 . But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people"s relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and 22 . Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural 23 . Some societal variation 24 from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and 25 a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural 26 . Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. 27 , technology-the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest 28 , technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, 29 , and so on ). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our 30 to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.

答案： H[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为形容词最高级broadest，再由之前的介词in可知，空格处应填入名词。结合句...

填空题

A．opportunity B．slums C．productivity D．subsequent
E．threaten F．proceeding G．commitment H．priority
I．preys J．supplying K．locality L．conference
M．looming N．conservation O．condemns
The most precious fluid on earth is not oil, but water. There are few challenges as important as conserving the world"s usable water and 1 clean drinking water and water for irrigation to those who need it. Yet this work is not getting done. Humans are depleting the earth"s store of us able water at a rate that will soon 2 our food supply. Poor water management already kills millions of people a year and 3 hundreds of millions to hunger.
The technology exists to solve these problems. Providing 4 with drinking water and sanitation, for example, is easy to do and a cost-effective way to prevent deaths and disease. But because those who suffer are poor, their access to water is rarely a political 5 . There is now a(n) 6 for progress. More than 100 water ministers from around the world, along with thousands of water experts from villagers to scientists, have gathered in the Netherlands. The 7 will be useful if it can persuade governments and international banks to pay more attention to 8 and fair distribution of water.
In 1980, the U.N. set a goal of safe drinking water for all by 1990. Because of international prodding, about two billion new people received clean drinking water over the 9 14 years. A new 10 is urgently needed to spread these healthy gains, help poor farmers and conserve the world"s precious supply of us able water.

答案： D[考点] 考查形容词。
前文提到，“联合国在1980年提出了一个目标，即到1990年为所有人提供安全饮用水”...

填空题

A．outstanding B．Unfortunately C．promoting D．sauce
E．organized F．annual G．Overwhelming H．injuries
I．mean J．impaired K．unwillingness L．convince
M．excluded N．source O．indulging
About 50 years ago, the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the 31 games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up a(n) 32 centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are 33 separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. 34 , they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in 35 international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not 36 you can"t enjoy sports. One small 37 of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the 38 of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to 39 those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be 40 .

答案： I[考点] 考查动词。
空格所在从句缺少谓语动词，再由之前的does not可知，空格处应填入动词原形。结合句...

填空题

A．accumulates B．veiled C．fascinating D．pasture
E．procedure F．barren G．terminating H．endure
I．moisture J．secondary K．stimulates L．lodged
M．texture N．brief O．machine
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of man"s 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earth"s surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.

答案： L[考点] 考查动词。
空格前为并列连词and，因此空格处应填入和carried并列的动词过去分词。结合句意“...

填空题

A．Likewise B．habitat C．lunar D．traits
E．solar F．deprives G．cultures H．sense
I．Especially J．obvious K．derives L．scene
M．evolve N．shelter O．shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems 21 . But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people"s relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and 22 . Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural 23 . Some societal variation 24 from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and 25 a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural 26 . Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. 27 , technology-the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest 28 , technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, 29 , and so on ). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our 30 to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.

答案： E[考点] 考查名词。
空格后为并列连词and，因此空格处应填入和animal、water、fossil fu...

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A．opportunity B．slums C．productivity D．subsequent
E．threaten F．proceeding G．commitment H．priority
I．preys J．supplying K．locality L．conference
M．looming N．conservation O．condemns
The most precious fluid on earth is not oil, but water. There are few challenges as important as conserving the world"s usable water and 1 clean drinking water and water for irrigation to those who need it. Yet this work is not getting done. Humans are depleting the earth"s store of us able water at a rate that will soon 2 our food supply. Poor water management already kills millions of people a year and 3 hundreds of millions to hunger.
The technology exists to solve these problems. Providing 4 with drinking water and sanitation, for example, is easy to do and a cost-effective way to prevent deaths and disease. But because those who suffer are poor, their access to water is rarely a political 5 . There is now a(n) 6 for progress. More than 100 water ministers from around the world, along with thousands of water experts from villagers to scientists, have gathered in the Netherlands. The 7 will be useful if it can persuade governments and international banks to pay more attention to 8 and fair distribution of water.
In 1980, the U.N. set a goal of safe drinking water for all by 1990. Because of international prodding, about two billion new people received clean drinking water over the 9 14 years. A new 10 is urgently needed to spread these healthy gains, help poor farmers and conserve the world"s precious supply of us able water.

答案： G[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为形容词new，因此空格处应填入名词。结合句意“迫切需要一个新的______来扩...

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A．outstanding B．Unfortunately C．promoting D．sauce
E．organized F．annual G．Overwhelming H．injuries
I．mean J．impaired K．unwillingness L．convince
M．excluded N．source O．indulging
About 50 years ago, the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the 31 games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up a(n) 32 centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are 33 separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. 34 , they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in 35 international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not 36 you can"t enjoy sports. One small 37 of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the 38 of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to 39 those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be 40 .

答案： N[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为形容词small，之后为介词of，因此空格处应填入名词。结合句意“令那些组织和...

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A．accumulates B．veiled C．fascinating D．pasture
E．procedure F．barren G．terminating H．endure
I．moisture J．secondary K．stimulates L．lodged
M．texture N．brief O．machine
The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plant community on earth. In terms of man"s 11 life it appears permanent and unchanging, save for the seasonal growth and fall of the leaves, but to foresters it represents the climax of a long succession of events.
No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time. Plants have minimum requirements for temperature and 12 and, in ages past, virtually every part of earth"s surface has at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive. However, as soon as climatic conditions change in favor of plant life, a(n) 13 sequence of changes occurs, called a primary succession.
First to colonize the 14 lands are the lowly lichens, surviving on bare rock. Slowly, the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface, plant debris 15 , and mosses establish a shallow roothold. Ferns may follow and, with short grasses and shrubs, gradually form a covering of plant life. Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil and eventually large shrubs give way to the first trees. These grow rapidly, cutting off sunlight from the smaller plants, and soon establish complete domination closing their ranks and forming a climax community which may 16 for thousands of years.
Yet even this community is not everlasting. Fire may destroy it outright and settlers may cut it down to gain land for 17 or cultivation. If the land is then abandoned, a(n) 18 succession will take over, developing much faster on the more hospitable soil. Shrubs and trees are among the early invaders, their seeds carried by the wind, by birds and 19 in the coats of mammals.
For as long as it stands and thrives, the forest is a vast 20 , storing energy and many elements essential for life.

答案： O[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为形容词vast，再由之前的不定冠词a可知，空格处应填入单数可数名词。结合句意“...

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A．outstanding B．Unfortunately C．promoting D．sauce
E．organized F．annual G．Overwhelming H．injuries
I．mean J．impaired K．unwillingness L．convince
M．excluded N．source O．indulging
About 50 years ago, the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the 31 games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up a(n) 32 centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are 33 separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. 34 , they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in 35 international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not 36 you can"t enjoy sports. One small 37 of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the 38 of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to 39 those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be 40 .

答案： K[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为定冠词the，之后为介词of，因此空格处应填入名词。结合句意“令那些组织和参加...

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A．Likewise B．habitat C．lunar D．traits
E．solar F．deprives G．cultures H．sense
I．Especially J．obvious K．derives L．scene
M．evolve N．shelter O．shelves
That an ecological crisis confronts humankind is now so central to our thinking that the notion that human beings adapt to their natural environment seems 21 . But ecological interpretations of world history are surprisingly recent. Sociologists, in attempting to classify societies, have looked increasingly to a people"s relationship with their natural environments which provide food, clothing, and 22 . Human beings meet these needs in a wide variety of environments, including deserts, rain forests, grasslands, and so on. Such environments are part of ecosystem, a complex web of interdependencies among organisms, communities of organisms, and the natural 23 . Some societal variation 24 from the different demands made by different ecosystems. Customs and ways of life that would be adaptive in one ecosystem would be maladaptive in another.
We confront a habitat and 25 a mode of existence not so much as lone individuals, but cooperatively as larger social units. Social organization and technology are our chief adaptive mechanisms. Social organization develops as we create stable, ordered relationships and become infused with common cultural 26 . Much depends on whether or not our values, norms, beliefs and institutions favor or foreclose new avenues of adaptation. 27 , technology-the application of knowledge for practical ends—allows us to harness and change aspects of our environment. In its broadest 28 , technology entails the practical arts and skills of human society. As technology has become more advanced, we have gained access to greater amounts of non-human energy (animal, water, fossil fuel, 29 , and so on ). In turn, new sources of energy have allowed our 30 to expand and change. Other changes follow as well.

答案： G[考点] 考查名词。
空格前为形容词性物主代词our，因此空格处应填入名词。结合句意“反过来，新的能源使我们...

填空题

A．outstanding B．Unfortunately C．promoting D．sauce
E．organized F．annual G．Overwhelming H．injuries
I．mean J．impaired K．unwillingness L．convince
M．excluded N．source O．indulging
About 50 years ago, the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the 31 games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up a(n) 32 centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are 33 separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. 34 , they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in 35 international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not 36 you can"t enjoy sports. One small 37 of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the 38 of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to 39 those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be 40 .

答案： L[考点] 考查动词。
空格前为不定式标志词to，因此空格处应填入动词原形。结合句意“也许还需要更多年的时间来...

填空题

A．outstanding B．Unfortunately C．promoting D．sauce
E．organized F．annual G．Overwhelming H．injuries
I．mean J．impaired K．unwillingness L．convince
M．excluded N．source O．indulging
About 50 years ago, the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the 31 games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up a(n) 32 centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are 33 separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 Wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. 34 , they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.
The Games have been a great success in 35 international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not 36 you can"t enjoy sports. One small 37 of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the 38 of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to 39 those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be 40 .

答案： M[考点] 考查动词。
空格前为系动词be，因此空格处应填入形容词、动词的过去分词或名词。结合句意“也许还需要...

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