The National Trust is ______.

EU Reform Panel Assailed for Being Male-dominated Group
Two days before International Women"s Day, the newly installed 105-member panel debating the future shape of the European Union, was assailed Wednesday for being a male-dominated club. The violation of women"s rights is not restricted to race, ethnic group or religion, said Anna Karamanou, chairperson of the European Parliament"s Women"s Rights and Equal Opportunities Committee.
She used the occasion of International Women"s Day—on Friday—to warn of the danger of creating yet another EU outfit without adequate input from women.
Karamanou wrote a letter to Valery Giscard D"Estaing, the former French president who heads the European Convention, for not having enough women on his panel that began work last week.
Out of a total of 105 members, the convention includes 16 women. There are only 2 women on the 12-member executive board.
"I find the unbalanced composition a very worrying symbol, as equality of women and men is a prerequisite for the building of a democratic and non-violent society," Karamanou told a women"s rights conference.
The women"s conference debated rights abuses across the world and heard speakers from across the EU and elsewhere insist that if more women were involved in government the world would be a more peaceful place.
European Parliament President Pat Cox agreed.
"It is disappointing to note that the share of women in the European Convention is smaller than the share of women in the European Parliament," he said in an interview.Which of the following four words can best replace the word "assailed" in the first paragraph

A．stormed
B．attacked
C．smashed
D．cracked

Mass Communication Technology
The single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred in the 15th century and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of Notre-Dame de Paris. It was a Cathedral. On all parts of the giant building, statuary and stone representations of every kind, combined with huge windows of stained glass, told the stories of the Bible and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the existence of highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, and in addition, by means of bells in bell towers, told time for the benefit of all of Pairs and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication.
Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on you table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than provided no bells and could not tell time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable.
In the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift—this time to a new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet filing is recognized by all. The progress for civilization is undeniable and, cathedral divided people into two groups, one of which prospered, while the other lapsed into gloom, the computer"s triumph has also divided the human race.
You have only to bring a computer into a room to see that some people begin at once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct experiments, ooh and ah at the boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful new game. But how difficult it is—how grim and frightful!—for the other people, the defeated class, whose temperament does not naturally respond to computers. The machines whirrs and glows before them and their faces twitch. They may be splendidly educated, as measured by book-reading, yet their instincts are all wrong, and no amount of manual-studying and mouse-clicking will make them right, if the aptitudes are missing, little can be done, and misery is guaranteed.
Is the computer industry aware that computers have divided mankind into two new, previously unknown classes, the computer personalities and the non-computer personalities Yes, the industry knows this. Vast sums have been expended in order to adapt the computer to the limitations of non-computer personalities. Apple"s Macintosh, with its zooming animations and pull-down menus and little pictures of file folders and watch faces and trash cans, pointed the way. Such seductions have soothed the apprehensions of a certain number of the computer-averse. This spring, the computer industry"s efforts are reaching a culmination of sorts. Microsoft, Bill Gate"s giant corporation, is to bring out a program package called Microsoft Bob, designed by Mr. Gates" wife, Melinda French, and intended to render computer technology available even to people who are openly terrified of computers. Bob"s principle is to take the several tasks of operating a computer, rename them in a folksy style, and assign to them the images of an ideal room in an ideal home, with furniture and bookshelves, and with chummy cartoon helpers ("Friends of Bob") to guide the computer user over the rough spots, and, in that way, simulate an atmosphere that feels nothing like computers.According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT true

A．It is because the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris had many bell-towers and could tell time to people that the writer regards it as an engine of mass communication.
B．From Cathedrals to books to computers the technology of communication has become more convenient, reliable and fast.
C．Every time when a new communication means a triumphed over the old, it divided mankind into two groups.
D．Computer industry has been trying hard to make people accept computers.

单项选择题

EU Reform Panel Assailed for Being Male-dominated Group
Two days before International Women"s Day, the newly installed 105-member panel debating the future shape of the European Union, was assailed Wednesday for being a male-dominated club. The violation of women"s rights is not restricted to race, ethnic group or religion, said Anna Karamanou, chairperson of the European Parliament"s Women"s Rights and Equal Opportunities Committee.
She used the occasion of International Women"s Day—on Friday—to warn of the danger of creating yet another EU outfit without adequate input from women.
Karamanou wrote a letter to Valery Giscard D"Estaing, the former French president who heads the European Convention, for not having enough women on his panel that began work last week.
Out of a total of 105 members, the convention includes 16 women. There are only 2 women on the 12-member executive board.
"I find the unbalanced composition a very worrying symbol, as equality of women and men is a prerequisite for the building of a democratic and non-violent society," Karamanou told a women"s rights conference.
The women"s conference debated rights abuses across the world and heard speakers from across the EU and elsewhere insist that if more women were involved in government the world would be a more peaceful place.
European Parliament President Pat Cox agreed.
"It is disappointing to note that the share of women in the European Convention is smaller than the share of women in the European Parliament," he said in an interview.Which of the following is NOT tree

A．The 105-member panel had held a debate on the future organization of an organization.
B．Anna Karamanou apparently opposed the 105-member panel.
C．The 105-member panel should have included more capable and qualified women members.
D．The 105-member panel should have included more women.

单项选择题

Mass Communication Technology
The single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred in the 15th century and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of Notre-Dame de Paris. It was a Cathedral. On all parts of the giant building, statuary and stone representations of every kind, combined with huge windows of stained glass, told the stories of the Bible and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the existence of highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, and in addition, by means of bells in bell towers, told time for the benefit of all of Pairs and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication.
Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on you table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than provided no bells and could not tell time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable.
In the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift—this time to a new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet filing is recognized by all. The progress for civilization is undeniable and, cathedral divided people into two groups, one of which prospered, while the other lapsed into gloom, the computer"s triumph has also divided the human race.
You have only to bring a computer into a room to see that some people begin at once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct experiments, ooh and ah at the boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful new game. But how difficult it is—how grim and frightful!—for the other people, the defeated class, whose temperament does not naturally respond to computers. The machines whirrs and glows before them and their faces twitch. They may be splendidly educated, as measured by book-reading, yet their instincts are all wrong, and no amount of manual-studying and mouse-clicking will make them right, if the aptitudes are missing, little can be done, and misery is guaranteed.
Is the computer industry aware that computers have divided mankind into two new, previously unknown classes, the computer personalities and the non-computer personalities Yes, the industry knows this. Vast sums have been expended in order to adapt the computer to the limitations of non-computer personalities. Apple"s Macintosh, with its zooming animations and pull-down menus and little pictures of file folders and watch faces and trash cans, pointed the way. Such seductions have soothed the apprehensions of a certain number of the computer-averse. This spring, the computer industry"s efforts are reaching a culmination of sorts. Microsoft, Bill Gate"s giant corporation, is to bring out a program package called Microsoft Bob, designed by Mr. Gates" wife, Melinda French, and intended to render computer technology available even to people who are openly terrified of computers. Bob"s principle is to take the several tasks of operating a computer, rename them in a folksy style, and assign to them the images of an ideal room in an ideal home, with furniture and bookshelves, and with chummy cartoon helpers ("Friends of Bob") to guide the computer user over the rough spots, and, in that way, simulate an atmosphere that feels nothing like computers.The printed book is more progressive than the Cathedral as a communication means, because ______.

A．it could sit on your table and did no longer tell time
B．it was more reliable and didn"t tell the stories of saints and demons
C．it was small, yet contained more information
D．it did not flatter religious and political power

单项选择题

The National Trust
The National Trust in Britain, together with similar voluntary organization, plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the government, it is not a rich government, supported by public taxes. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and the ancient sites to preserve them for the permanent enjoyment of the public. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. It has 160,000 members in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who pay a small subscription each year, and its primary duties are to protect for the nation places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest and preserve them from the dangers of modem development and extinction.
The attention of the public was First drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the late Lord Lothian, who in 1935 said that, as a result of taxation and estate duty, most of these ancient houses were under sentence of death. When he died he left his great seventh century house and all its contents to the Trust together with 4, S00-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and it started the Trust"s "Country House Scheme". Under the scheme, with cooperation of the government and thanks to the generosity of the general public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses, together with often very valuable contents. Whenever possible, the Trust seeks to maintain continuity and to preserve these as living realities rather than as dead museums. It is the view of the Trust that the families who give them to the nation and whose ancestors created them make the best possible curators.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, gardens, Roman antiquities, farms and small villages, as well as complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment and all houses maintain their original sixteen-century style. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.The National Trust is ______.

A．a government department
B．a charity
C．a group of arrears of great natural beauty
D．an organization of great natural beauty

单项选择题

EU Reform Panel Assailed for Being Male-dominated Group
Two days before International Women"s Day, the newly installed 105-member panel debating the future shape of the European Union, was assailed Wednesday for being a male-dominated club. The violation of women"s rights is not restricted to race, ethnic group or religion, said Anna Karamanou, chairperson of the European Parliament"s Women"s Rights and Equal Opportunities Committee.
She used the occasion of International Women"s Day—on Friday—to warn of the danger of creating yet another EU outfit without adequate input from women.
Karamanou wrote a letter to Valery Giscard D"Estaing, the former French president who heads the European Convention, for not having enough women on his panel that began work last week.
Out of a total of 105 members, the convention includes 16 women. There are only 2 women on the 12-member executive board.
"I find the unbalanced composition a very worrying symbol, as equality of women and men is a prerequisite for the building of a democratic and non-violent society," Karamanou told a women"s rights conference.
The women"s conference debated rights abuses across the world and heard speakers from across the EU and elsewhere insist that if more women were involved in government the world would be a more peaceful place.
European Parliament President Pat Cox agreed.
"It is disappointing to note that the share of women in the European Convention is smaller than the share of women in the European Parliament," he said in an interview.Which of the following statements can best describe the "tone" of the writing

A．Many women are enraged by the composition of the 105-member panel.
B．Anna Karamanou rebeled because she was not included in the panel.
C．The world is in trouble because women"s rights are not protected.
D．If women had been given due respect, the world would have become more peaceful.

单项选择题

Mass Communication Technology
The single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred in the 15th century and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of Notre-Dame de Paris. It was a Cathedral. On all parts of the giant building, statuary and stone representations of every kind, combined with huge windows of stained glass, told the stories of the Bible and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the existence of highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, and in addition, by means of bells in bell towers, told time for the benefit of all of Pairs and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication.
Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on you table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than provided no bells and could not tell time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable.
In the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift—this time to a new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet filing is recognized by all. The progress for civilization is undeniable and, cathedral divided people into two groups, one of which prospered, while the other lapsed into gloom, the computer"s triumph has also divided the human race.
You have only to bring a computer into a room to see that some people begin at once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct experiments, ooh and ah at the boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful new game. But how difficult it is—how grim and frightful!—for the other people, the defeated class, whose temperament does not naturally respond to computers. The machines whirrs and glows before them and their faces twitch. They may be splendidly educated, as measured by book-reading, yet their instincts are all wrong, and no amount of manual-studying and mouse-clicking will make them right, if the aptitudes are missing, little can be done, and misery is guaranteed.
Is the computer industry aware that computers have divided mankind into two new, previously unknown classes, the computer personalities and the non-computer personalities Yes, the industry knows this. Vast sums have been expended in order to adapt the computer to the limitations of non-computer personalities. Apple"s Macintosh, with its zooming animations and pull-down menus and little pictures of file folders and watch faces and trash cans, pointed the way. Such seductions have soothed the apprehensions of a certain number of the computer-averse. This spring, the computer industry"s efforts are reaching a culmination of sorts. Microsoft, Bill Gate"s giant corporation, is to bring out a program package called Microsoft Bob, designed by Mr. Gates" wife, Melinda French, and intended to render computer technology available even to people who are openly terrified of computers. Bob"s principle is to take the several tasks of operating a computer, rename them in a folksy style, and assign to them the images of an ideal room in an ideal home, with furniture and bookshelves, and with chummy cartoon helpers ("Friends of Bob") to guide the computer user over the rough spots, and, in that way, simulate an atmosphere that feels nothing like computers.The word "awesome" in the passage means ______.

A．frightening
B．causing fear and respect
C．amazingly new
D．awful

单项选择题

The National Trust
The National Trust in Britain, together with similar voluntary organization, plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the government, it is not a rich government, supported by public taxes. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and the ancient sites to preserve them for the permanent enjoyment of the public. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. It has 160,000 members in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who pay a small subscription each year, and its primary duties are to protect for the nation places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest and preserve them from the dangers of modem development and extinction.
The attention of the public was First drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the late Lord Lothian, who in 1935 said that, as a result of taxation and estate duty, most of these ancient houses were under sentence of death. When he died he left his great seventh century house and all its contents to the Trust together with 4, S00-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and it started the Trust"s "Country House Scheme". Under the scheme, with cooperation of the government and thanks to the generosity of the general public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses, together with often very valuable contents. Whenever possible, the Trust seeks to maintain continuity and to preserve these as living realities rather than as dead museums. It is the view of the Trust that the families who give them to the nation and whose ancestors created them make the best possible curators.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, gardens, Roman antiquities, farms and small villages, as well as complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment and all houses maintain their original sixteen-century style. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.Lord Lothian said most of the ancient houses were ______.

A．to be protected by the government
B．decaying through lack of money for their repair
C．kept in good condition for the time being
D．doomed to decay without good preservation

单项选择题

EU Reform Panel Assailed for Being Male-dominated Group
Two days before International Women"s Day, the newly installed 105-member panel debating the future shape of the European Union, was assailed Wednesday for being a male-dominated club. The violation of women"s rights is not restricted to race, ethnic group or religion, said Anna Karamanou, chairperson of the European Parliament"s Women"s Rights and Equal Opportunities Committee.
She used the occasion of International Women"s Day—on Friday—to warn of the danger of creating yet another EU outfit without adequate input from women.
Karamanou wrote a letter to Valery Giscard D"Estaing, the former French president who heads the European Convention, for not having enough women on his panel that began work last week.
Out of a total of 105 members, the convention includes 16 women. There are only 2 women on the 12-member executive board.
"I find the unbalanced composition a very worrying symbol, as equality of women and men is a prerequisite for the building of a democratic and non-violent society," Karamanou told a women"s rights conference.
The women"s conference debated rights abuses across the world and heard speakers from across the EU and elsewhere insist that if more women were involved in government the world would be a more peaceful place.
European Parliament President Pat Cox agreed.
"It is disappointing to note that the share of women in the European Convention is smaller than the share of women in the European Parliament," he said in an interview.The purpose of the author of the passage is to indicate that ______

A．the unbalanced composition of the panel abused woemn"s rights.
B．Valery Giscard D"Estaing was to blame for the inadequate input from women into the panel.
C．to build a democratic and non-violent society, women"s roles should not be neglected.
D．the share of women in the European Convention disppointed European women.

单项选择题

Mass Communication Technology
The single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred in the 15th century and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of Notre-Dame de Paris. It was a Cathedral. On all parts of the giant building, statuary and stone representations of every kind, combined with huge windows of stained glass, told the stories of the Bible and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the existence of highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, and in addition, by means of bells in bell towers, told time for the benefit of all of Pairs and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication.
Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on you table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than provided no bells and could not tell time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable.
In the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift—this time to a new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet filing is recognized by all. The progress for civilization is undeniable and, cathedral divided people into two groups, one of which prospered, while the other lapsed into gloom, the computer"s triumph has also divided the human race.
You have only to bring a computer into a room to see that some people begin at once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct experiments, ooh and ah at the boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful new game. But how difficult it is—how grim and frightful!—for the other people, the defeated class, whose temperament does not naturally respond to computers. The machines whirrs and glows before them and their faces twitch. They may be splendidly educated, as measured by book-reading, yet their instincts are all wrong, and no amount of manual-studying and mouse-clicking will make them right, if the aptitudes are missing, little can be done, and misery is guaranteed.
Is the computer industry aware that computers have divided mankind into two new, previously unknown classes, the computer personalities and the non-computer personalities Yes, the industry knows this. Vast sums have been expended in order to adapt the computer to the limitations of non-computer personalities. Apple"s Macintosh, with its zooming animations and pull-down menus and little pictures of file folders and watch faces and trash cans, pointed the way. Such seductions have soothed the apprehensions of a certain number of the computer-averse. This spring, the computer industry"s efforts are reaching a culmination of sorts. Microsoft, Bill Gate"s giant corporation, is to bring out a program package called Microsoft Bob, designed by Mr. Gates" wife, Melinda French, and intended to render computer technology available even to people who are openly terrified of computers. Bob"s principle is to take the several tasks of operating a computer, rename them in a folksy style, and assign to them the images of an ideal room in an ideal home, with furniture and bookshelves, and with chummy cartoon helpers ("Friends of Bob") to guide the computer user over the rough spots, and, in that way, simulate an atmosphere that feels nothing like computers.People who feel miserable with computers are those ______.

A．who love reading books and writing with a pen or a typewriter
B．who possess the wrong aptitudes of disliking and fearing new things
C．who have not been trained to use computers
D．who are born with a temperament that does not respond to computers

单项选择题

The National Trust
The National Trust in Britain, together with similar voluntary organization, plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the government, it is not a rich government, supported by public taxes. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and the ancient sites to preserve them for the permanent enjoyment of the public. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. It has 160,000 members in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who pay a small subscription each year, and its primary duties are to protect for the nation places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest and preserve them from the dangers of modem development and extinction.
The attention of the public was First drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the late Lord Lothian, who in 1935 said that, as a result of taxation and estate duty, most of these ancient houses were under sentence of death. When he died he left his great seventh century house and all its contents to the Trust together with 4, S00-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and it started the Trust"s "Country House Scheme". Under the scheme, with cooperation of the government and thanks to the generosity of the general public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses, together with often very valuable contents. Whenever possible, the Trust seeks to maintain continuity and to preserve these as living realities rather than as dead museums. It is the view of the Trust that the families who give them to the nation and whose ancestors created them make the best possible curators.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, gardens, Roman antiquities, farms and small villages, as well as complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment and all houses maintain their original sixteen-century style. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife."Subscription" is ______.

A．the fee paid by the person with the membership of the Trust
B．the donation by the citizens
C．the money used to repair the ancient houses
D．he support granted by the government

单项选择题

EU Reform Panel Assailed for Being Male-dominated Group
Two days before International Women"s Day, the newly installed 105-member panel debating the future shape of the European Union, was assailed Wednesday for being a male-dominated club. The violation of women"s rights is not restricted to race, ethnic group or religion, said Anna Karamanou, chairperson of the European Parliament"s Women"s Rights and Equal Opportunities Committee.
She used the occasion of International Women"s Day—on Friday—to warn of the danger of creating yet another EU outfit without adequate input from women.
Karamanou wrote a letter to Valery Giscard D"Estaing, the former French president who heads the European Convention, for not having enough women on his panel that began work last week.
Out of a total of 105 members, the convention includes 16 women. There are only 2 women on the 12-member executive board.
"I find the unbalanced composition a very worrying symbol, as equality of women and men is a prerequisite for the building of a democratic and non-violent society," Karamanou told a women"s rights conference.
The women"s conference debated rights abuses across the world and heard speakers from across the EU and elsewhere insist that if more women were involved in government the world would be a more peaceful place.
European Parliament President Pat Cox agreed.
"It is disappointing to note that the share of women in the European Convention is smaller than the share of women in the European Parliament," he said in an interview.Which of the following four items can best describe the author"s attitude in saying that "the unbalanced composition is a very worrying symbol"

A．A strong appeal for women"s equal rights with men.
B．Raging at the violation of women"s rights by men.
C．Calling the name of the panel for inadequate input from women.
D．Demanding that the panel cinclude more women.

单项选择题

Mass Communication Technology
The single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred in the 15th century and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of Notre-Dame de Paris. It was a Cathedral. On all parts of the giant building, statuary and stone representations of every kind, combined with huge windows of stained glass, told the stories of the Bible and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the existence of highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, and in addition, by means of bells in bell towers, told time for the benefit of all of Pairs and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication.
Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on you table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than provided no bells and could not tell time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable.
In the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift—this time to a new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet filing is recognized by all. The progress for civilization is undeniable and, cathedral divided people into two groups, one of which prospered, while the other lapsed into gloom, the computer"s triumph has also divided the human race.
You have only to bring a computer into a room to see that some people begin at once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct experiments, ooh and ah at the boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful new game. But how difficult it is—how grim and frightful!—for the other people, the defeated class, whose temperament does not naturally respond to computers. The machines whirrs and glows before them and their faces twitch. They may be splendidly educated, as measured by book-reading, yet their instincts are all wrong, and no amount of manual-studying and mouse-clicking will make them right, if the aptitudes are missing, little can be done, and misery is guaranteed.
Is the computer industry aware that computers have divided mankind into two new, previously unknown classes, the computer personalities and the non-computer personalities Yes, the industry knows this. Vast sums have been expended in order to adapt the computer to the limitations of non-computer personalities. Apple"s Macintosh, with its zooming animations and pull-down menus and little pictures of file folders and watch faces and trash cans, pointed the way. Such seductions have soothed the apprehensions of a certain number of the computer-averse. This spring, the computer industry"s efforts are reaching a culmination of sorts. Microsoft, Bill Gate"s giant corporation, is to bring out a program package called Microsoft Bob, designed by Mr. Gates" wife, Melinda French, and intended to render computer technology available even to people who are openly terrified of computers. Bob"s principle is to take the several tasks of operating a computer, rename them in a folksy style, and assign to them the images of an ideal room in an ideal home, with furniture and bookshelves, and with chummy cartoon helpers ("Friends of Bob") to guide the computer user over the rough spots, and, in that way, simulate an atmosphere that feels nothing like computers.Melinda French designed Microsoft Bob which was to ease the misery of computer users by ______.

A．making users feel that they are not dealing with machines
B．making the program more convenient and cartoon-like
C．adding home pictures to the program design
D．renaming the computer tasks in a folksy style

单项选择题

The National Trust
The National Trust in Britain, together with similar voluntary organization, plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the government, it is not a rich government, supported by public taxes. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and the ancient sites to preserve them for the permanent enjoyment of the public. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. It has 160,000 members in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who pay a small subscription each year, and its primary duties are to protect for the nation places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest and preserve them from the dangers of modem development and extinction.
The attention of the public was First drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the late Lord Lothian, who in 1935 said that, as a result of taxation and estate duty, most of these ancient houses were under sentence of death. When he died he left his great seventh century house and all its contents to the Trust together with 4, S00-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and it started the Trust"s "Country House Scheme". Under the scheme, with cooperation of the government and thanks to the generosity of the general public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses, together with often very valuable contents. Whenever possible, the Trust seeks to maintain continuity and to preserve these as living realities rather than as dead museums. It is the view of the Trust that the families who give them to the nation and whose ancestors created them make the best possible curators.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, gardens, Roman antiquities, farms and small villages, as well as complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment and all houses maintain their original sixteen-century style. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.Who takes up the responsible managerial work of the old houses

A．The directions of the local branches of the Trust.
B．The ex-owners of the structure.
C．The members of the organization appointed for the post.
D．The men who enjoy the prestige in the local places.

单项选择题

The National Trust
The National Trust in Britain, together with similar voluntary organization, plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the government, it is not a rich government, supported by public taxes. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and the ancient sites to preserve them for the permanent enjoyment of the public. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. It has 160,000 members in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who pay a small subscription each year, and its primary duties are to protect for the nation places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest and preserve them from the dangers of modem development and extinction.
The attention of the public was First drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the late Lord Lothian, who in 1935 said that, as a result of taxation and estate duty, most of these ancient houses were under sentence of death. When he died he left his great seventh century house and all its contents to the Trust together with 4, S00-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and it started the Trust"s "Country House Scheme". Under the scheme, with cooperation of the government and thanks to the generosity of the general public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses, together with often very valuable contents. Whenever possible, the Trust seeks to maintain continuity and to preserve these as living realities rather than as dead museums. It is the view of the Trust that the families who give them to the nation and whose ancestors created them make the best possible curators.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, gardens, Roman antiquities, farms and small villages, as well as complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment and all houses maintain their original sixteen-century style. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.Which of the following may be not allowed to be done by a visitor

A．Taking pictures of the scene.
B．Picking flowers in the gardens.
C．Having a complete view of the area.
D．Singing quietly while visiting.

单项选择题

The meridians of longitude are imaginary great circles drawn from pole to pole around the earth. By international agreement, the meridian of longitude passing through Greenwich, England, I numbered zero. The earth is divided into 360 degrees, and the meridians are numbered east and west from Greenwich. There are 180 degrees of longitude east of Greenwich and 180 degrees in the westerly direction. New York has a longitude of 74 degrees west which means it lies on the 74th meridian west of Greenwich.
Since the sun appears to travel around the earth in 24 hours, it will move 360/24 or 15 degress in one hour. This reasoning can be used by navigators to determine their longitude. Image that we have set sail from Greenwich, England, after having set a very accurate clock, or chronometer, to the local Greenwich time. As we travel westward toward New York, we notice that the sun is going "slower" than our chronometer. At the time that our timepiece reads 12 o"clock, the sun has not quite reached the zenith. As a matter of fact, when our clock reads noon, what it really means is that it"s noon in Greenwich, England. Our clock continues to tell us the time, not at our present location, but at Greenwich. Let us wait until the sun is directly overhead (noon oat our location) and then read the time on our clock. Suppose it reads I o"clock. This means that there is one hour"s difference in time between our longitude and that of Greenwich. As we mentioned earlier, this corresponds to exactly 15 degrees of longitude, so our longitude must be 15 degrees west. The world is divided into 24 time zones, and each zone corresponds to 15 degrees of longitude. New York is approximately 5 time zones west of Greenwich, so the time difference must be about 5 hours. By maintaining chronometers on Greenwich time, ships can determine their longitude on any sunny day by merely noting the difference in hours between Greenwich time and local sun time and multiplying this difference by 15 degrees.
Of course, longitude gives only half of the information needed to determine our precise location. We must also know our latitude, which tell us how far we are north or south of the equator. The Equator is the zero line for the measurement of latitude. Circles are drawn parallel to the Equator to indicate other values of latitude. There are 90 degrees of south latitude.
In the Northern Hemisphere, there is a star called Polaris almost directly over the North Pole. This makes it possible to determine the latitude of a given point by setting our sextant to measure the angle between Polaris, the North Star, and the Horizon. Mathematicians tell us that this angle is equal to the attitude at the point in question.
To get an idea of our location, therefore, we need to know the local time, Greenwich time, and the angle between Polaris and the horizon.In order to get the precise location of a ship, the navigator must know ______.

A．his latitude
B．both his latitude and longitude
C．local time
D．the number of degrees he is east or west of Greenwich

单项选择题

The meridians of longitude are imaginary great circles drawn from pole to pole around the earth. By international agreement, the meridian of longitude passing through Greenwich, England, I numbered zero. The earth is divided into 360 degrees, and the meridians are numbered east and west from Greenwich. There are 180 degrees of longitude east of Greenwich and 180 degrees in the westerly direction. New York has a longitude of 74 degrees west which means it lies on the 74th meridian west of Greenwich.
Since the sun appears to travel around the earth in 24 hours, it will move 360/24 or 15 degress in one hour. This reasoning can be used by navigators to determine their longitude. Image that we have set sail from Greenwich, England, after having set a very accurate clock, or chronometer, to the local Greenwich time. As we travel westward toward New York, we notice that the sun is going "slower" than our chronometer. At the time that our timepiece reads 12 o"clock, the sun has not quite reached the zenith. As a matter of fact, when our clock reads noon, what it really means is that it"s noon in Greenwich, England. Our clock continues to tell us the time, not at our present location, but at Greenwich. Let us wait until the sun is directly overhead (noon oat our location) and then read the time on our clock. Suppose it reads I o"clock. This means that there is one hour"s difference in time between our longitude and that of Greenwich. As we mentioned earlier, this corresponds to exactly 15 degrees of longitude, so our longitude must be 15 degrees west. The world is divided into 24 time zones, and each zone corresponds to 15 degrees of longitude. New York is approximately 5 time zones west of Greenwich, so the time difference must be about 5 hours. By maintaining chronometers on Greenwich time, ships can determine their longitude on any sunny day by merely noting the difference in hours between Greenwich time and local sun time and multiplying this difference by 15 degrees.
Of course, longitude gives only half of the information needed to determine our precise location. We must also know our latitude, which tell us how far we are north or south of the equator. The Equator is the zero line for the measurement of latitude. Circles are drawn parallel to the Equator to indicate other values of latitude. There are 90 degrees of south latitude.
In the Northern Hemisphere, there is a star called Polaris almost directly over the North Pole. This makes it possible to determine the latitude of a given point by setting our sextant to measure the angle between Polaris, the North Star, and the Horizon. Mathematicians tell us that this angle is equal to the attitude at the point in question.
To get an idea of our location, therefore, we need to know the local time, Greenwich time, and the angle between Polaris and the horizon.In order to determine latitude, the navigator must know ______.

A．Greenwich time and local time
B．a good deal of mathematics
C．the angel between Polaris and the horizon
D．Greenwich time, local time, and the angle between Polaris and the horizon

单项选择题

The meridians of longitude are imaginary great circles drawn from pole to pole around the earth. By international agreement, the meridian of longitude passing through Greenwich, England, I numbered zero. The earth is divided into 360 degrees, and the meridians are numbered east and west from Greenwich. There are 180 degrees of longitude east of Greenwich and 180 degrees in the westerly direction. New York has a longitude of 74 degrees west which means it lies on the 74th meridian west of Greenwich.
Since the sun appears to travel around the earth in 24 hours, it will move 360/24 or 15 degress in one hour. This reasoning can be used by navigators to determine their longitude. Image that we have set sail from Greenwich, England, after having set a very accurate clock, or chronometer, to the local Greenwich time. As we travel westward toward New York, we notice that the sun is going "slower" than our chronometer. At the time that our timepiece reads 12 o"clock, the sun has not quite reached the zenith. As a matter of fact, when our clock reads noon, what it really means is that it"s noon in Greenwich, England. Our clock continues to tell us the time, not at our present location, but at Greenwich. Let us wait until the sun is directly overhead (noon oat our location) and then read the time on our clock. Suppose it reads I o"clock. This means that there is one hour"s difference in time between our longitude and that of Greenwich. As we mentioned earlier, this corresponds to exactly 15 degrees of longitude, so our longitude must be 15 degrees west. The world is divided into 24 time zones, and each zone corresponds to 15 degrees of longitude. New York is approximately 5 time zones west of Greenwich, so the time difference must be about 5 hours. By maintaining chronometers on Greenwich time, ships can determine their longitude on any sunny day by merely noting the difference in hours between Greenwich time and local sun time and multiplying this difference by 15 degrees.
Of course, longitude gives only half of the information needed to determine our precise location. We must also know our latitude, which tell us how far we are north or south of the equator. The Equator is the zero line for the measurement of latitude. Circles are drawn parallel to the Equator to indicate other values of latitude. There are 90 degrees of south latitude.
In the Northern Hemisphere, there is a star called Polaris almost directly over the North Pole. This makes it possible to determine the latitude of a given point by setting our sextant to measure the angle between Polaris, the North Star, and the Horizon. Mathematicians tell us that this angle is equal to the attitude at the point in question.
To get an idea of our location, therefore, we need to know the local time, Greenwich time, and the angle between Polaris and the horizon.A navigator"s chronometer will always show ______.

A．local time
B．noon time
C．Greenwich time
D．sun time

单项选择题

The meridians of longitude are imaginary great circles drawn from pole to pole around the earth. By international agreement, the meridian of longitude passing through Greenwich, England, I numbered zero. The earth is divided into 360 degrees, and the meridians are numbered east and west from Greenwich. There are 180 degrees of longitude east of Greenwich and 180 degrees in the westerly direction. New York has a longitude of 74 degrees west which means it lies on the 74th meridian west of Greenwich.
Since the sun appears to travel around the earth in 24 hours, it will move 360/24 or 15 degress in one hour. This reasoning can be used by navigators to determine their longitude. Image that we have set sail from Greenwich, England, after having set a very accurate clock, or chronometer, to the local Greenwich time. As we travel westward toward New York, we notice that the sun is going "slower" than our chronometer. At the time that our timepiece reads 12 o"clock, the sun has not quite reached the zenith. As a matter of fact, when our clock reads noon, what it really means is that it"s noon in Greenwich, England. Our clock continues to tell us the time, not at our present location, but at Greenwich. Let us wait until the sun is directly overhead (noon oat our location) and then read the time on our clock. Suppose it reads I o"clock. This means that there is one hour"s difference in time between our longitude and that of Greenwich. As we mentioned earlier, this corresponds to exactly 15 degrees of longitude, so our longitude must be 15 degrees west. The world is divided into 24 time zones, and each zone corresponds to 15 degrees of longitude. New York is approximately 5 time zones west of Greenwich, so the time difference must be about 5 hours. By maintaining chronometers on Greenwich time, ships can determine their longitude on any sunny day by merely noting the difference in hours between Greenwich time and local sun time and multiplying this difference by 15 degrees.
Of course, longitude gives only half of the information needed to determine our precise location. We must also know our latitude, which tell us how far we are north or south of the equator. The Equator is the zero line for the measurement of latitude. Circles are drawn parallel to the Equator to indicate other values of latitude. There are 90 degrees of south latitude.
In the Northern Hemisphere, there is a star called Polaris almost directly over the North Pole. This makes it possible to determine the latitude of a given point by setting our sextant to measure the angle between Polaris, the North Star, and the Horizon. Mathematicians tell us that this angle is equal to the attitude at the point in question.
To get an idea of our location, therefore, we need to know the local time, Greenwich time, and the angle between Polaris and the horizon.In relation to the earth, the sun will move ______.

A．7,000 miles per hour
B．twice as fast as Polaris
C．1/48 of the world"s circumference
D．fifteen degrees in one hour

单项选择题

The meridians of longitude are imaginary great circles drawn from pole to pole around the earth. By international agreement, the meridian of longitude passing through Greenwich, England, I numbered zero. The earth is divided into 360 degrees, and the meridians are numbered east and west from Greenwich. There are 180 degrees of longitude east of Greenwich and 180 degrees in the westerly direction. New York has a longitude of 74 degrees west which means it lies on the 74th meridian west of Greenwich.
Since the sun appears to travel around the earth in 24 hours, it will move 360/24 or 15 degress in one hour. This reasoning can be used by navigators to determine their longitude. Image that we have set sail from Greenwich, England, after having set a very accurate clock, or chronometer, to the local Greenwich time. As we travel westward toward New York, we notice that the sun is going "slower" than our chronometer. At the time that our timepiece reads 12 o"clock, the sun has not quite reached the zenith. As a matter of fact, when our clock reads noon, what it really means is that it"s noon in Greenwich, England. Our clock continues to tell us the time, not at our present location, but at Greenwich. Let us wait until the sun is directly overhead (noon oat our location) and then read the time on our clock. Suppose it reads I o"clock. This means that there is one hour"s difference in time between our longitude and that of Greenwich. As we mentioned earlier, this corresponds to exactly 15 degrees of longitude, so our longitude must be 15 degrees west. The world is divided into 24 time zones, and each zone corresponds to 15 degrees of longitude. New York is approximately 5 time zones west of Greenwich, so the time difference must be about 5 hours. By maintaining chronometers on Greenwich time, ships can determine their longitude on any sunny day by merely noting the difference in hours between Greenwich time and local sun time and multiplying this difference by 15 degrees.
Of course, longitude gives only half of the information needed to determine our precise location. We must also know our latitude, which tell us how far we are north or south of the equator. The Equator is the zero line for the measurement of latitude. Circles are drawn parallel to the Equator to indicate other values of latitude. There are 90 degrees of south latitude.
In the Northern Hemisphere, there is a star called Polaris almost directly over the North Pole. This makes it possible to determine the latitude of a given point by setting our sextant to measure the angle between Polaris, the North Star, and the Horizon. Mathematicians tell us that this angle is equal to the attitude at the point in question.
To get an idea of our location, therefore, we need to know the local time, Greenwich time, and the angle between Polaris and the horizon.It can be inferred that the number of degrees of latitude in the Northern Hemisphere is ______.

A．18 degrees
B．36 degrees
C．54 degrees
D．90 degrees

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