你可能感兴趣的试题

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when ________.

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features(特写)as well, from editorial page to feature article and interviews to criticism of books, art, theater, and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What bring this variety together in one place is its topicality(时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient(短暂的)value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.

A modern paper is remarkable for all the following expect its ________.

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War Ⅱ, most Americans ________.

Katherine walked into a newspaper office, and demanded to see the editor. Fortunately, the editor was passing the inquiry office when she asked for him. Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.

Katherine was very rude to him when he told her they didn’t accept schoolgirls. She said she was surprised that the editor of a great London newspaper did not know how to behave like a gentleman. The editor sat back in his chair and laughed heartily. He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty. After some further conversation, in which Katherine attempted to persuade him that she could do anything he wanted, from writing a leading article to a serial story, she said: "I am not going to leave this room until you put me on the staff!“

Then the editor had to speak to her rather seriously, and told her what a great London newspaper meant to a girl and how utterly ignorant she was of everything that would make her useful as a journalist. Upon this Katherine burst into tears, and the editor, who had dismissed many men in the course of his career, walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.

"Look here," he said, "if you come to me in two years’ time, with a knowledge of shorthand, and if you promise not to shed tears on my blotting paper, I will give you something to do."

"Really If you don’t mind, I’ll have it in black and white," said the girl.

The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked. He drafted out an agreement for her on the lines laid down with a great deal of solemnity(严肃)which he found quite amusing, for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect.

The real reason why the editor decided to interview the girl was that he ________.

Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose—school work, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.

There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.

We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read. We want to arouse(引起)and hold the interest of the readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some "letters to be read" file or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.

In this passage, good writing is compared to fine food because ________.

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features(特写)as well, from editorial page to feature article and interviews to criticism of books, art, theater, and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What bring this variety together in one place is its topicality(时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient(短暂的)value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.

According to the passage, the reasons why no two people really read the "same" newspaper is that ________.

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

Which of the following is NOT related to "physical satisfaction"

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features(特写)as well, from editorial page to feature article and interviews to criticism of books, art, theater, and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What bring this variety together in one place is its topicality(时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient(短暂的)value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.

It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers ________.

Katherine walked into a newspaper office, and demanded to see the editor. Fortunately, the editor was passing the inquiry office when she asked for him. Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.

Katherine was very rude to him when he told her they didn’t accept schoolgirls. She said she was surprised that the editor of a great London newspaper did not know how to behave like a gentleman. The editor sat back in his chair and laughed heartily. He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty. After some further conversation, in which Katherine attempted to persuade him that she could do anything he wanted, from writing a leading article to a serial story, she said: "I am not going to leave this room until you put me on the staff!“

Then the editor had to speak to her rather seriously, and told her what a great London newspaper meant to a girl and how utterly ignorant she was of everything that would make her useful as a journalist. Upon this Katherine burst into tears, and the editor, who had dismissed many men in the course of his career, walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.

"Look here," he said, "if you come to me in two years’ time, with a knowledge of shorthand, and if you promise not to shed tears on my blotting paper, I will give you something to do."

"Really If you don’t mind, I’ll have it in black and white," said the girl.

The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked. He drafted out an agreement for her on the lines laid down with a great deal of solemnity(严肃)which he found quite amusing, for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect.

"He rather liked it for its novelty" means he liked it because it was ________.

Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose—school work, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.

There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.

We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read. We want to arouse(引起)and hold the interest of the readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some "letters to be read" file or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.

A public "scribe"(Para.2) is ________.

As you are students of English, it's very possible that you'll be interested in England. That's where the language was first spoken. But England is often called by other names. This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean. So, now I would like to tell you about this matter of names. I believe that you have heard people use the names—England, Britain or Great Britain. Let's see what each of these names means.

If you look at a map of Europe, you'll see a group of islands—one larger island off the northwest coast, one smaller and many tiny ones. These make up what is called the British Isles. The largest island of the British Isles is Britain. It is also called Great Britain. The smaller island is Ireland.

Britain is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England. But sometimes the word "England" is used instead of "Britain". Why so

In ancient times, what is Britain now used to be three different countries. People in these different countries spoke different languages. Over many years the three countries became one. England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people. So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.

There's another thing that confuses people: sometimes you may hear people say "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". That is the official name of the country. Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island or Ireland. The rest of the island is an independent state, called the Republic of Ireland. So we have the names of "England", "Britain", "Great Britain", and "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Now do you know what each of them means

English was first spoken in ________.

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

What is the main concern of man on the fourth level

"Have you read the newly published edition of Harry Potter" "Have you ever been fooled on April 1st" "What have you given your boy/girlfriend on Valentine's Day(情人节)" You may not feel even a little bit surprised when you are confronted with these questions. However, chances are that your parents cannot understand a word. In the wake of globalization, culture has gone beyond border and is flying all over the world, with a great impact on Chinese youths.

By getting in touch with western culture, we are forced to think over things that we took for granted previously. We've gradually shrugged off some old notions that may hinder our development, such as "uniformity is always good", or "authority is always in the right". I think this is the greatest benefit we can get from this impact. We tend to be critical with what "should be" in our forefathers' eyes. Only by this critical mind can we initiate some changes; only through change can our nation develop.

However, the cultural impact of globalization does not necessarily result in a deep insight into our own society among youths. We may probably lose something instead of gaining something without independent thinking and investigation.

When you are enjoying a Hollywood movie, don't think that all the things described in it are true. Even the US president has cautioned they always contain something partial(偏袒的)or even distorted. So we know that what we see of the US may not be a true picture. And even if it is true sometimes, we don't have to copy all of that. No matter how we appreciate foreign culture, we should never throw away our national culture. Globalization is twoway communication. You get to know the world and the world gets to know you. If we don't have anything that can cause foreigners to marvel, we may lose our charm as a nation. The national characteristics can be internationalized if we treasure and develop them. Only by doing this can we truly participate in globalization and contribute to our own nation and to the whole world.

It's incorrect and uncivilized to refuse to have a look at what our guests have brought us. But when we are welcoming and appreciating those gifts, we should bear in mind that we are forever the masters of our land and mind.

What is the main idea of this passage

As you are students of English, it's very possible that you'll be interested in England. That's where the language was first spoken. But England is often called by other names. This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean. So, now I would like to tell you about this matter of names. I believe that you have heard people use the names—England, Britain or Great Britain. Let's see what each of these names means.

If you look at a map of Europe, you'll see a group of islands—one larger island off the northwest coast, one smaller and many tiny ones. These make up what is called the British Isles. The largest island of the British Isles is Britain. It is also called Great Britain. The smaller island is Ireland.

Britain is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England. But sometimes the word "England" is used instead of "Britain". Why so

In ancient times, what is Britain now used to be three different countries. People in these different countries spoke different languages. Over many years the three countries became one. England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people. So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.

There's another thing that confuses people: sometimes you may hear people say "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". That is the official name of the country. Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island or Ireland. The rest of the island is an independent state, called the Republic of Ireland. So we have the names of "England", "Britain", "Great Britain", and "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Now do you know what each of them means

Britain is divided into ________.

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features(特写)as well, from editorial page to feature article and interviews to criticism of books, art, theater, and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What bring this variety together in one place is its topicality(时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient(短暂的)value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.

A good newspaper offers “a variety” to readers because ________.

Katherine walked into a newspaper office, and demanded to see the editor. Fortunately, the editor was passing the inquiry office when she asked for him. Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.

Katherine was very rude to him when he told her they didn’t accept schoolgirls. She said she was surprised that the editor of a great London newspaper did not know how to behave like a gentleman. The editor sat back in his chair and laughed heartily. He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty. After some further conversation, in which Katherine attempted to persuade him that she could do anything he wanted, from writing a leading article to a serial story, she said: "I am not going to leave this room until you put me on the staff!“

Then the editor had to speak to her rather seriously, and told her what a great London newspaper meant to a girl and how utterly ignorant she was of everything that would make her useful as a journalist. Upon this Katherine burst into tears, and the editor, who had dismissed many men in the course of his career, walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.

"Look here," he said, "if you come to me in two years’ time, with a knowledge of shorthand, and if you promise not to shed tears on my blotting paper, I will give you something to do."

"Really If you don’t mind, I’ll have it in black and white," said the girl.

The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked. He drafted out an agreement for her on the lines laid down with a great deal of solemnity(严肃)which he found quite amusing, for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect.

The editor walked up and down the room, because he was ________.

Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose—school work, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.

There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.

We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read. We want to arouse(引起)and hold the interest of the readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some "letters to be read" file or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.

According to the passage, some managers don't have to do any letter writing because ________.

Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crim, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

The author tends to think that the fifth level ________.

"Have you read the newly published edition of Harry Potter" "Have you ever been fooled on April 1st" "What have you given your boy/girlfriend on Valentine's Day(情人节)" You may not feel even a little bit surprised when you are confronted with these questions. However, chances are that your parents cannot understand a word. In the wake of globalization, culture has gone beyond border and is flying all over the world, with a great impact on Chinese youths.

By getting in touch with western culture, we are forced to think over things that we took for granted previously. We've gradually shrugged off some old notions that may hinder our development, such as "uniformity is always good", or "authority is always in the right". I think this is the greatest benefit we can get from this impact. We tend to be critical with what "should be" in our forefathers' eyes. Only by this critical mind can we initiate some changes; only through change can our nation develop.

However, the cultural impact of globalization does not necessarily result in a deep insight into our own society among youths. We may probably lose something instead of gaining something without independent thinking and investigation.

When you are enjoying a Hollywood movie, don't think that all the things described in it are true. Even the US president has cautioned they always contain something partial(偏袒的)or even distorted. So we know that what we see of the US may not be a true picture. And even if it is true sometimes, we don't have to copy all of that. No matter how we appreciate foreign culture, we should never throw away our national culture. Globalization is twoway communication. You get to know the world and the world gets to know you. If we don't have anything that can cause foreigners to marvel, we may lose our charm as a nation. The national characteristics can be internationalized if we treasure and develop them. Only by doing this can we truly participate in globalization and contribute to our own nation and to the whole world.

It's incorrect and uncivilized to refuse to have a look at what our guests have brought us. But when we are welcoming and appreciating those gifts, we should bear in mind that we are forever the masters of our land and mind.

What does "in the wake of"(Para. 1) mean according to the context

As you are students of English, it's very possible that you'll be interested in England. That's where the language was first spoken. But England is often called by other names. This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean. So, now I would like to tell you about this matter of names. I believe that you have heard people use the names—England, Britain or Great Britain. Let's see what each of these names means.

If you look at a map of Europe, you'll see a group of islands—one larger island off the northwest coast, one smaller and many tiny ones. These make up what is called the British Isles. The largest island of the British Isles is Britain. It is also called Great Britain. The smaller island is Ireland.

Britain is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England. But sometimes the word "England" is used instead of "Britain". Why so

In ancient times, what is Britain now used to be three different countries. People in these different countries spoke different languages. Over many years the three countries became one. England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people. So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.

There's another thing that confuses people: sometimes you may hear people say "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". That is the official name of the country. Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island or Ireland. The rest of the island is an independent state, called the Republic of Ireland. So we have the names of "England", "Britain", "Great Britain", and "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Now do you know what each of them means

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features(特写)as well, from editorial page to feature article and interviews to criticism of books, art, theater, and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What bring this variety together in one place is its topicality(时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient(短暂的)value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.

The best title for this passage would be ________.

Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose—school work, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.

There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.

We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read. We want to arouse(引起)and hold the interest of the readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some "letters to be read" file or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.

According to the author, if your letter is thrown into some "letters to be read" file, ________.

Katherine walked into a newspaper office, and demanded to see the editor. Fortunately, the editor was passing the inquiry office when she asked for him. Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.

Katherine was very rude to him when he told her they didn’t accept schoolgirls. She said she was surprised that the editor of a great London newspaper did not know how to behave like a gentleman. The editor sat back in his chair and laughed heartily. He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty. After some further conversation, in which Katherine attempted to persuade him that she could do anything he wanted, from writing a leading article to a serial story, she said: "I am not going to leave this room until you put me on the staff!“

Then the editor had to speak to her rather seriously, and told her what a great London newspaper meant to a girl and how utterly ignorant she was of everything that would make her useful as a journalist. Upon this Katherine burst into tears, and the editor, who had dismissed many men in the course of his career, walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.

"Look here," he said, "if you come to me in two years’ time, with a knowledge of shorthand, and if you promise not to shed tears on my blotting paper, I will give you something to do."

"Really If you don’t mind, I’ll have it in black and white," said the girl.

The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked. He drafted out an agreement for her on the lines laid down with a great deal of solemnity(严肃)which he found quite amusing, for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect.

As their conversation continued, the editor ________.

"Have you read the newly published edition of Harry Potter" "Have you ever been fooled on April 1st" "What have you given your boy/girlfriend on Valentine's Day(情人节)" You may not feel even a little bit surprised when you are confronted with these questions. However, chances are that your parents cannot understand a word. In the wake of globalization, culture has gone beyond border and is flying all over the world, with a great impact on Chinese youths.

By getting in touch with western culture, we are forced to think over things that we took for granted previously. We've gradually shrugged off some old notions that may hinder our development, such as "uniformity is always good", or "authority is always in the right". I think this is the greatest benefit we can get from this impact. We tend to be critical with what "should be" in our forefathers' eyes. Only by this critical mind can we initiate some changes; only through change can our nation develop.

However, the cultural impact of globalization does not necessarily result in a deep insight into our own society among youths. We may probably lose something instead of gaining something without independent thinking and investigation.

When you are enjoying a Hollywood movie, don't think that all the things described in it are true. Even the US president has cautioned they always contain something partial(偏袒的)or even distorted. So we know that what we see of the US may not be a true picture. And even if it is true sometimes, we don't have to copy all of that. No matter how we appreciate foreign culture, we should never throw away our national culture. Globalization is twoway communication. You get to know the world and the world gets to know you. If we don't have anything that can cause foreigners to marvel, we may lose our charm as a nation. The national characteristics can be internationalized if we treasure and develop them. Only by doing this can we truly participate in globalization and contribute to our own nation and to the whole world.

It's incorrect and uncivilized to refuse to have a look at what our guests have brought us. But when we are welcoming and appreciating those gifts, we should bear in mind that we are forever the masters of our land and mind.

What is the disadvantage of the culture impact mentioned in the passage

Katherine walked into a newspaper office, and demanded to see the editor. Fortunately, the editor was passing the inquiry office when she asked for him. Seeing she was a girl of school age, he thought it might offer him an amusing five minutes between interviews.

Katherine was very rude to him when he told her they didn’t accept schoolgirls. She said she was surprised that the editor of a great London newspaper did not know how to behave like a gentleman. The editor sat back in his chair and laughed heartily. He had never been spoken to like that in his life. He rather liked it for its novelty. After some further conversation, in which Katherine attempted to persuade him that she could do anything he wanted, from writing a leading article to a serial story, she said: "I am not going to leave this room until you put me on the staff!“

Then the editor had to speak to her rather seriously, and told her what a great London newspaper meant to a girl and how utterly ignorant she was of everything that would make her useful as a journalist. Upon this Katherine burst into tears, and the editor, who had dismissed many men in the course of his career, walked up and down the room wondering what he could do for this extraordinary young girl whose tearful eyes were so full of disappointment.

"Look here," he said, "if you come to me in two years’ time, with a knowledge of shorthand, and if you promise not to shed tears on my blotting paper, I will give you something to do."

"Really If you don’t mind, I’ll have it in black and white," said the girl.

The editor was startled. He began to think that this young girl was not so young as she looked. He drafted out an agreement for her on the lines laid down with a great deal of solemnity(严肃)which he found quite amusing, for he was confident that the young girl might quite as well change her mind or would be engaged to a nice boy long before the agreement took effect.

When the editor drafted out the agreement for the girl, he ________.

As you are students of English, it's very possible that you'll be interested in England. That's where the language was first spoken. But England is often called by other names. This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean. So, now I would like to tell you about this matter of names. I believe that you have heard people use the names—England, Britain or Great Britain. Let's see what each of these names means.

If you look at a map of Europe, you'll see a group of islands—one larger island off the northwest coast, one smaller and many tiny ones. These make up what is called the British Isles. The largest island of the British Isles is Britain. It is also called Great Britain. The smaller island is Ireland.

Britain is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England. But sometimes the word "England" is used instead of "Britain". Why so

In ancient times, what is Britain now used to be three different countries. People in these different countries spoke different languages. Over many years the three countries became one. England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people. So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.

There's another thing that confuses people: sometimes you may hear people say "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". That is the official name of the country. Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island or Ireland. The rest of the island is an independent state, called the Republic of Ireland. So we have the names of "England", "Britain", "Great Britain", and "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Now do you know what each of them means

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is ________.

Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose—school work, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.

There are still some remote places in the world where you might find a public scribe to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few managers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.

We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put into the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read. We want to arouse(引起)and hold the interest of the readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not just thrown into some "letters to be read" file or into a wastepaper basket. This is the reason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.

The purpose of the author in writing this passage is ________.

"Have you read the newly published edition of Harry Potter" "Have you ever been fooled on April 1st" "What have you given your boy/girlfriend on Valentine's Day(情人节)" You may not feel even a little bit surprised when you are confronted with these questions. However, chances are that your parents cannot understand a word. In the wake of globalization, culture has gone beyond border and is flying all over the world, with a great impact on Chinese youths.

By getting in touch with western culture, we are forced to think over things that we took for granted previously. We've gradually shrugged off some old notions that may hinder our development, such as "uniformity is always good", or "authority is always in the right". I think this is the greatest benefit we can get from this impact. We tend to be critical with what "should be" in our forefathers' eyes. Only by this critical mind can we initiate some changes; only through change can our nation develop.

However, the cultural impact of globalization does not necessarily result in a deep insight into our own society among youths. We may probably lose something instead of gaining something without independent thinking and investigation.

When you are enjoying a Hollywood movie, don't think that all the things described in it are true. Even the US president has cautioned they always contain something partial(偏袒的)or even distorted. So we know that what we see of the US may not be a true picture. And even if it is true sometimes, we don't have to copy all of that. No matter how we appreciate foreign culture, we should never throw away our national culture. Globalization is twoway communication. You get to know the world and the world gets to know you. If we don't have anything that can cause foreigners to marvel, we may lose our charm as a nation. The national characteristics can be internationalized if we treasure and develop them. Only by doing this can we truly participate in globalization and contribute to our own nation and to the whole world.

It's incorrect and uncivilized to refuse to have a look at what our guests have brought us. But when we are welcoming and appreciating those gifts, we should bear in mind that we are forever the masters of our land and mind.

Which statement is TRUE about the globalization of culture

The "balance of nature" is not an empty phrase. Nature provides a population to occupy a suitable environment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply. One means of reducing surplus population is predators(食肉动物); others are parasites(寄生虫)and diseases. Also, population density produces nervous disorders and even drives animals to mass migrations, like the lemmings(旅鼠)of Norway who plunge into(跳入)the sea.

That predators populations increase to control other animals has long been known. Many years ago, the Hudson's Bay Company records revealed that the fox population went up and down about a year after the rabbit population had gone up and down.

Sometimes a situation occurs in which the predators population is reduced to a level below that which nature can readily replace. On Valcour Island in Lake Champlain(New York), a costly campaign resulted in the elimination of predatory animals only to have birds and small animals—including grouse(松鸡)and hares, popular game(猎物)—increase for four years afterward. Then lacking predator control, nature resorted to cut down these populations.

Jamaica had an example of nature's persistence in providing animals for existing habits. Sugar planters, about 75 years ago, imported mongooses to control rats. The mongooses killed off the rats and, with plentiful food, multiplied. Rats became scarce and the mongooses ate lambs, kids, puppies(小狗), and wildlife. Eventually, food became scarce and the mongoose's population declined.

According to the article, the phrase "balance of nature" means ________.

As you are students of English, it's very possible that you'll be interested in England. That's where the language was first spoken. But England is often called by other names. This often confuses people and I wonder if you know what these names mean. So, now I would like to tell you about this matter of names. I believe that you have heard people use the names—England, Britain or Great Britain. Let's see what each of these names means.

If you look at a map of Europe, you'll see a group of islands—one larger island off the northwest coast, one smaller and many tiny ones. These make up what is called the British Isles. The largest island of the British Isles is Britain. It is also called Great Britain. The smaller island is Ireland.

Britain is divided into three parts: Scotland, Wales and England. But sometimes the word "England" is used instead of "Britain". Why so

In ancient times, what is Britain now used to be three different countries. People in these different countries spoke different languages. Over many years the three countries became one. England is the largest and richest of the three and it has the most people. So the English people take it for granted that their own name stands for the whole island.

There's another thing that confuses people: sometimes you may hear people say "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". That is the official name of the country. Northern Ireland is only one sixth of the island or Ireland. The rest of the island is an independent state, called the Republic of Ireland. So we have the names of "England", "Britain", "Great Britain", and "the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Now do you know what each of them means

Which of the following is an independent country

The Chinese of 3500 years ago believed that the earth was a chariot, and the sky was a curved canopy(天空)stretched above it. The canopy was nine layers thick, and it sloped slightly to the northwest, as a cataclysm(地陷)had broken one of its supporting columns. This gentle slope explained the movement of the stars from east to west.

According to these ancient Chinese beliefs, the sun spent the night on earth and ascended to the sky each morning from the luminous valley of the earth by climbing the branches of an immensely tall sacred tree. To the Chinese people, the sun was the incarnation of goodness, beauty, and truth. In popular imagination, the sun was represented as a cock that little by little assumed human form. His battles with the dragons, which personified evil in their beliefs, accounted for momentary disappearances of the sun that men now call eclipses. Many of the Chinese people worshiped the sun, but in the vast and complicated organization of the Chinese gods, the sun was of only secondary importance.

Along with these unsophisticated beliefs about the sun, the Chinese evolved a science of astronomy based upon observation—though essentially religious—which enabled them to predict eclipses of the sun and the movement of the stars. Such predictions were based on calculations made by using a gnomon(【天文】日晷仪指针)—an object whose shadow could be used as a measure, as with a sundial or simple shadow pointers. Moreover, with the naked eye, the Chinese observed sunspots, a phenomenon not then known to their contemporaries.

The ancient Chinese believed that the earth ________.

"Have you read the newly published edition of Harry Potter" "Have you ever been fooled on April 1st" "What have you given your boy/girlfriend on Valentine's Day(情人节)" You may not feel even a little bit surprised when you are confronted with these questions. However, chances are that your parents cannot understand a word. In the wake of globalization, culture has gone beyond border and is flying all over the world, with a great impact on Chinese youths.

By getting in touch with western culture, we are forced to think over things that we took for granted previously. We've gradually shrugged off some old notions that may hinder our development, such as "uniformity is always good", or "authority is always in the right". I think this is the greatest benefit we can get from this impact. We tend to be critical with what "should be" in our forefathers' eyes. Only by this critical mind can we initiate some changes; only through change can our nation develop.

However, the cultural impact of globalization does not necessarily result in a deep insight into our own society among youths. We may probably lose something instead of gaining something without independent thinking and investigation.

When you are enjoying a Hollywood movie, don't think that all the things described in it are true. Even the US president has cautioned they always contain something partial(偏袒的)or even distorted. So we know that what we see of the US may not be a true picture. And even if it is true sometimes, we don't have to copy all of that. No matter how we appreciate foreign culture, we should never throw away our national culture. Globalization is twoway communication. You get to know the world and the world gets to know you. If we don't have anything that can cause foreigners to marvel, we may lose our charm as a nation. The national characteristics can be internationalized if we treasure and develop them. Only by doing this can we truly participate in globalization and contribute to our own nation and to the whole world.

It's incorrect and uncivilized to refuse to have a look at what our guests have brought us. But when we are welcoming and appreciating those gifts, we should bear in mind that we are forever the masters of our land and mind.

According to the author, we will perhaps lose the value of our national culture if ________.

The "balance of nature" is not an empty phrase. Nature provides a population to occupy a suitable environment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply. One means of reducing surplus population is predators(食肉动物); others are parasites(寄生虫)and diseases. Also, population density produces nervous disorders and even drives animals to mass migrations, like the lemmings(旅鼠)of Norway who plunge into(跳入)the sea.

That predators populations increase to control other animals has long been known. Many years ago, the Hudson's Bay Company records revealed that the fox population went up and down about a year after the rabbit population had gone up and down.

Sometimes a situation occurs in which the predators population is reduced to a level below that which nature can readily replace. On Valcour Island in Lake Champlain(New York), a costly campaign resulted in the elimination of predatory animals only to have birds and small animals—including grouse(松鸡)and hares, popular game(猎物)—increase for four years afterward. Then lacking predator control, nature resorted to cut down these populations.

Jamaica had an example of nature's persistence in providing animals for existing habits. Sugar planters, about 75 years ago, imported mongooses to control rats. The mongooses killed off the rats and, with plentiful food, multiplied. Rats became scarce and the mongooses ate lambs, kids, puppies(小狗), and wildlife. Eventually, food became scarce and the mongoose's population declined.

The effect of predator control over other animal populations ________.

Americans who remember “the good old days” are not alone in complaining about the educational system in this country. Immigrants(移民) complain ，too. Lately a German friend was filled with anger when he learned that the mathematics test given to his son on his first day as a college freshman included multiplication and division. Japanese businessmen in Los Angeles send their children to private schools staffed by teachers imported from Japan to learn mathematics at Japanese levels，generally considered at least a year more advanced than the level here.

But I wonder：If American education is so poor，why is it that this is still the country of innovation(创新)

When I was 12 in Indonesia，I had to memorize the name of all the world's major cities，from Kabul to Karachi. At the same age，my son，who was brought up by a Californian，thought that Buenos Aires was Spanish for good food. However，unlike children of his age in Asia and Europe，my son had studied creative geography. When he was only 6，he drew a map of the route that he traveled to get to school，including the streets，the traffic signs and the houses that he passed.

Dissatisfied American parents forget that in this country their children are able to experiment freely with ideas; without this they will not really be able to think or to believe in themselves.

Critics of American education cannot grasp one thing：freedom. America，I think，is the only country that extends even to children the license to freely speak，write and be creative. Our public education certainly is not perfect，but it is a great deal better than any other. I think I have found the answer to my question.

From the text we learn that________.

The "balance of nature" is not an empty phrase. Nature provides a population to occupy a suitable environment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply. One means of reducing surplus population is predators(食肉动物); others are parasites(寄生虫)and diseases. Also, population density produces nervous disorders and even drives animals to mass migrations, like the lemmings(旅鼠)of Norway who plunge into(跳入)the sea.

That predators populations increase to control other animals has long been known. Many years ago, the Hudson's Bay Company records revealed that the fox population went up and down about a year after the rabbit population had gone up and down.

Sometimes a situation occurs in which the predators population is reduced to a level below that which nature can readily replace. On Valcour Island in Lake Champlain(New York), a costly campaign resulted in the elimination of predatory animals only to have birds and small animals—including grouse(松鸡)and hares, popular game(猎物)—increase for four years afterward. Then lacking predator control, nature resorted to cut down these populations.

Jamaica had an example of nature's persistence in providing animals for existing habits. Sugar planters, about 75 years ago, imported mongooses to control rats. The mongooses killed off the rats and, with plentiful food, multiplied. Rats became scarce and the mongooses ate lambs, kids, puppies(小狗), and wildlife. Eventually, food became scarce and the mongoose's population declined.

When predators control is not available, nature brings animal population into balance by resorting to ________.

The Chinese of 3500 years ago believed that the earth was a chariot, and the sky was a curved canopy(天空)stretched above it. The canopy was nine layers thick, and it sloped slightly to the northwest, as a cataclysm(地陷)had broken one of its supporting columns. This gentle slope explained the movement of the stars from east to west.

According to these ancient Chinese beliefs, the sun spent the night on earth and ascended to the sky each morning from the luminous valley of the earth by climbing the branches of an immensely tall sacred tree. To the Chinese people, the sun was the incarnation of goodness, beauty, and truth. In popular imagination, the sun was represented as a cock that little by little assumed human form. His battles with the dragons, which personified evil in their beliefs, accounted for momentary disappearances of the sun that men now call eclipses. Many of the Chinese people worshiped the sun, but in the vast and complicated organization of the Chinese gods, the sun was of only secondary importance.

Along with these unsophisticated beliefs about the sun, the Chinese evolved a science of astronomy based upon observation—though essentially religious—which enabled them to predict eclipses of the sun and the movement of the stars. Such predictions were based on calculations made by using a gnomon(【天文】日晷仪指针)—an object whose shadow could be used as a measure, as with a sundial or simple shadow pointers. Moreover, with the naked eye, the Chinese observed sunspots, a phenomenon not then known to their contemporaries.

To the Chinese people, the sun represented ________.

Is language，like food，a basic human needJudging from the result of the violent experiment by a German King，Frederick II，in the 13th century，it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue，he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering，in the first year of life especially，the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no much violent deprivation exists as that by Frederick II. Nevertheless，some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant，whose brain is programmed to map up language rapidly. There are critical times，it seems，when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected，the ideal time for acquiring language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.

Linguists(语言学家)suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age，but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about Man's brain compared with that of the monkey，is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of ，say，a teddy-bear(玩具熊)with the sound pattern “teddy-bear”。

But speech has to be stimulated，and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child，where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling(牙牙学语)，grasping，crying，smiling，and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development language.

FrederickII's experiment was violent because________.

The Chinese of 3500 years ago believed that the earth was a chariot, and the sky was a curved canopy(天空)stretched above it. The canopy was nine layers thick, and it sloped slightly to the northwest, as a cataclysm(地陷)had broken one of its supporting columns. This gentle slope explained the movement of the stars from east to west.

According to these ancient Chinese beliefs, the sun spent the night on earth and ascended to the sky each morning from the luminous valley of the earth by climbing the branches of an immensely tall sacred tree. To the Chinese people, the sun was the incarnation of goodness, beauty, and truth. In popular imagination, the sun was represented as a cock that little by little assumed human form. His battles with the dragons, which personified evil in their beliefs, accounted for momentary disappearances of the sun that men now call eclipses. Many of the Chinese people worshiped the sun, but in the vast and complicated organization of the Chinese gods, the sun was of only secondary importance.

Along with these unsophisticated beliefs about the sun, the Chinese evolved a science of astronomy based upon observation—though essentially religious—which enabled them to predict eclipses of the sun and the movement of the stars. Such predictions were based on calculations made by using a gnomon(【天文】日晷仪指针)—an object whose shadow could be used as a measure, as with a sundial or simple shadow pointers. Moreover, with the naked eye, the Chinese observed sunspots, a phenomenon not then known to their contemporaries.

The sun‘s disappearances were thought to be caused by ________.

The "balance of nature" is not an empty phrase. Nature provides a population to occupy a suitable environment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply. One means of reducing surplus population is predators(食肉动物); others are parasites(寄生虫)and diseases. Also, population density produces nervous disorders and even drives animals to mass migrations, like the lemmings(旅鼠)of Norway who plunge into(跳入)the sea.

That predators populations increase to control other animals has long been known. Many years ago, the Hudson's Bay Company records revealed that the fox population went up and down about a year after the rabbit population had gone up and down.

Sometimes a situation occurs in which the predators population is reduced to a level below that which nature can readily replace. On Valcour Island in Lake Champlain(New York), a costly campaign resulted in the elimination of predatory animals only to have birds and small animals—including grouse(松鸡)and hares, popular game(猎物)—increase for four years afterward. Then lacking predator control, nature resorted to cut down these populations.

Jamaica had an example of nature's persistence in providing animals for existing habits. Sugar planters, about 75 years ago, imported mongooses to control rats. The mongooses killed off the rats and, with plentiful food, multiplied. Rats became scarce and the mongooses ate lambs, kids, puppies(小狗), and wildlife. Eventually, food became scarce and the mongoose's population declined.

When the mongooses in Jamaica killed off the rats, they ________.

Americans who remember “the good old days” are not alone in complaining about the educational system in this country. Immigrants(移民) complain ，too. Lately a German friend was filled with anger when he learned that the mathematics test given to his son on his first day as a college freshman included multiplication and division. Japanese businessmen in Los Angeles send their children to private schools staffed by teachers imported from Japan to learn mathematics at Japanese levels，generally considered at least a year more advanced than the level here.

But I wonder：If American education is so poor，why is it that this is still the country of innovation(创新)

When I was 12 in Indonesia，I had to memorize the name of all the world's major cities，from Kabul to Karachi. At the same age，my son，who was brought up by a Californian，thought that Buenos Aires was Spanish for good food. However，unlike children of his age in Asia and Europe，my son had studied creative geography. When he was only 6，he drew a map of the route that he traveled to get to school，including the streets，the traffic signs and the houses that he passed.

Dissatisfied American parents forget that in this country their children are able to experiment freely with ideas; without this they will not really be able to think or to believe in themselves.

Critics of American education cannot grasp one thing：freedom. America，I think，is the only country that extends even to children the license to freely speak，write and be creative. Our public education certainly is not perfect，but it is a great deal better than any other. I think I have found the answer to my question.

Which of the following is NOT true

Is language，like food，a basic human needJudging from the result of the violent experiment by a German King，Frederick II，in the 13th century，it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue，he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering，in the first year of life especially，the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no much violent deprivation exists as that by Frederick II. Nevertheless，some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant，whose brain is programmed to map up language rapidly. There are critical times，it seems，when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected，the ideal time for acquiring language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.

Linguists(语言学家)suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age，but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about Man's brain compared with that of the monkey，is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of ，say，a teddy-bear(玩具熊)with the sound pattern “teddy-bear”。

But speech has to be stimulated，and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child，where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling(牙牙学语)，grasping，crying，smiling，and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development language.

The reason some children are backward in speaking today that________.

The Chinese of 3500 years ago believed that the earth was a chariot, and the sky was a curved canopy(天空)stretched above it. The canopy was nine layers thick, and it sloped slightly to the northwest, as a cataclysm(地陷)had broken one of its supporting columns. This gentle slope explained the movement of the stars from east to west.

According to these ancient Chinese beliefs, the sun spent the night on earth and ascended to the sky each morning from the luminous valley of the earth by climbing the branches of an immensely tall sacred tree. To the Chinese people, the sun was the incarnation of goodness, beauty, and truth. In popular imagination, the sun was represented as a cock that little by little assumed human form. His battles with the dragons, which personified evil in their beliefs, accounted for momentary disappearances of the sun that men now call eclipses. Many of the Chinese people worshiped the sun, but in the vast and complicated organization of the Chinese gods, the sun was of only secondary importance.

Along with these unsophisticated beliefs about the sun, the Chinese evolved a science of astronomy based upon observation—though essentially religious—which enabled them to predict eclipses of the sun and the movement of the stars. Such predictions were based on calculations made by using a gnomon(【天文】日晷仪指针)—an object whose shadow could be used as a measure, as with a sundial or simple shadow pointers. Moreover, with the naked eye, the Chinese observed sunspots, a phenomenon not then known to their contemporaries.

Ancient Chinese astronomy could be accurately described as ________.

Americans who remember “the good old days” are not alone in complaining about the educational system in this country. Immigrants(移民) complain ，too. Lately a German friend was filled with anger when he learned that the mathematics test given to his son on his first day as a college freshman included multiplication and division. Japanese businessmen in Los Angeles send their children to private schools staffed by teachers imported from Japan to learn mathematics at Japanese levels，generally considered at least a year more advanced than the level here.

But I wonder：If American education is so poor，why is it that this is still the country of innovation(创新)

When I was 12 in Indonesia，I had to memorize the name of all the world's major cities，from Kabul to Karachi. At the same age，my son，who was brought up by a Californian，thought that Buenos Aires was Spanish for good food. However，unlike children of his age in Asia and Europe，my son had studied creative geography. When he was only 6，he drew a map of the route that he traveled to get to school，including the streets，the traffic signs and the houses that he passed.

Dissatisfied American parents forget that in this country their children are able to experiment freely with ideas; without this they will not really be able to think or to believe in themselves.

Critics of American education cannot grasp one thing：freedom. America，I think，is the only country that extends even to children the license to freely speak，write and be creative. Our public education certainly is not perfect，but it is a great deal better than any other. I think I have found the answer to my question.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage

Is language，like food，a basic human needJudging from the result of the violent experiment by a German King，Frederick II，in the 13th century，it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue，he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering，in the first year of life especially，the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no much violent deprivation exists as that by Frederick II. Nevertheless，some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant，whose brain is programmed to map up language rapidly. There are critical times，it seems，when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected，the ideal time for acquiring language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.

Linguists(语言学家)suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age，but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about Man's brain compared with that of the monkey，is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of ，say，a teddy-bear(玩具熊)with the sound pattern “teddy-bear”。

But speech has to be stimulated，and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child，where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling(牙牙学语)，grasping，crying，smiling，and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development language.

By “critical times” in Paragraph 3 the author means________.

The "balance of nature" is not an empty phrase. Nature provides a population to occupy a suitable environment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply. One means of reducing surplus population is predators(食肉动物); others are parasites(寄生虫)and diseases. Also, population density produces nervous disorders and even drives animals to mass migrations, like the lemmings(旅鼠)of Norway who plunge into(跳入)the sea.

That predators populations increase to control other animals has long been known. Many years ago, the Hudson's Bay Company records revealed that the fox population went up and down about a year after the rabbit population had gone up and down.

Sometimes a situation occurs in which the predators population is reduced to a level below that which nature can readily replace. On Valcour Island in Lake Champlain(New York), a costly campaign resulted in the elimination of predatory animals only to have birds and small animals—including grouse(松鸡)and hares, popular game(猎物)—increase for four years afterward. Then lacking predator control, nature resorted to cut down these populations.

Jamaica had an example of nature's persistence in providing animals for existing habits. Sugar planters, about 75 years ago, imported mongooses to control rats. The mongooses killed off the rats and, with plentiful food, multiplied. Rats became scarce and the mongooses ate lambs, kids, puppies(小狗), and wildlife. Eventually, food became scarce and the mongoose's population declined.

Implied but not stated: ________.

Americans who remember “the good old days” are not alone in complaining about the educational system in this country. Immigrants(移民) complain ，too. Lately a German friend was filled with anger when he learned that the mathematics test given to his son on his first day as a college freshman included multiplication and division. Japanese businessmen in Los Angeles send their children to private schools staffed by teachers imported from Japan to learn mathematics at Japanese levels，generally considered at least a year more advanced than the level here.

But I wonder：If American education is so poor，why is it that this is still the country of innovation(创新)

When I was 12 in Indonesia，I had to memorize the name of all the world's major cities，from Kabul to Karachi. At the same age，my son，who was brought up by a Californian，thought that Buenos Aires was Spanish for good food. However，unlike children of his age in Asia and Europe，my son had studied creative geography. When he was only 6，he drew a map of the route that he traveled to get to school，including the streets，the traffic signs and the houses that he passed.

Dissatisfied American parents forget that in this country their children are able to experiment freely with ideas; without this they will not really be able to think or to believe in themselves.

Critics of American education cannot grasp one thing：freedom. America，I think，is the only country that extends even to children the license to freely speak，write and be creative. Our public education certainly is not perfect，but it is a great deal better than any other. I think I have found the answer to my question.

In the last paragraph the author says，“I have found the answer to my question.” What is the question

The Chinese of 3500 years ago believed that the earth was a chariot, and the sky was a curved canopy(天空)stretched above it. The canopy was nine layers thick, and it sloped slightly to the northwest, as a cataclysm(地陷)had broken one of its supporting columns. This gentle slope explained the movement of the stars from east to west.

According to these ancient Chinese beliefs, the sun spent the night on earth and ascended to the sky each morning from the luminous valley of the earth by climbing the branches of an immensely tall sacred tree. To the Chinese people, the sun was the incarnation of goodness, beauty, and truth. In popular imagination, the sun was represented as a cock that little by little assumed human form. His battles with the dragons, which personified evil in their beliefs, accounted for momentary disappearances of the sun that men now call eclipses. Many of the Chinese people worshiped the sun, but in the vast and complicated organization of the Chinese gods, the sun was of only secondary importance.

Along with these unsophisticated beliefs about the sun, the Chinese evolved a science of astronomy based upon observation—though essentially religious—which enabled them to predict eclipses of the sun and the movement of the stars. Such predictions were based on calculations made by using a gnomon(【天文】日晷仪指针)—an object whose shadow could be used as a measure, as with a sundial or simple shadow pointers. Moreover, with the naked eye, the Chinese observed sunspots, a phenomenon not then known to their contemporaries.

Implied but not stated: ________.

Is language，like food，a basic human needJudging from the result of the violent experiment by a German King，Frederick II，in the 13th century，it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue，he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering，in the first year of life especially，the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no much violent deprivation exists as that by Frederick II. Nevertheless，some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant，whose brain is programmed to map up language rapidly. There are critical times，it seems，when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected，the ideal time for acquiring language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.

Linguists(语言学家)suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age，but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about Man's brain compared with that of the monkey，is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of ，say，a teddy-bear(玩具熊)with the sound pattern “teddy-bear”。

But speech has to be stimulated，and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child，where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling(牙牙学语)，grasping，crying，smiling，and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development language.

Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage

Americans who remember “the good old days” are not alone in complaining about the educational system in this country. Immigrants(移民) complain ，too. Lately a German friend was filled with anger when he learned that the mathematics test given to his son on his first day as a college freshman included multiplication and division. Japanese businessmen in Los Angeles send their children to private schools staffed by teachers imported from Japan to learn mathematics at Japanese levels，generally considered at least a year more advanced than the level here.

But I wonder：If American education is so poor，why is it that this is still the country of innovation(创新)

When I was 12 in Indonesia，I had to memorize the name of all the world's major cities，from Kabul to Karachi. At the same age，my son，who was brought up by a Californian，thought that Buenos Aires was Spanish for good food. However，unlike children of his age in Asia and Europe，my son had studied creative geography. When he was only 6，he drew a map of the route that he traveled to get to school，including the streets，the traffic signs and the houses that he passed.

Dissatisfied American parents forget that in this country their children are able to experiment freely with ideas; without this they will not really be able to think or to believe in themselves.

Critics of American education cannot grasp one thing：freedom. America，I think，is the only country that extends even to children the license to freely speak，write and be creative. Our public education certainly is not perfect，but it is a great deal better than any other. I think I have found the answer to my question.

What would be the best title for this passage

Is language，like food，a basic human needJudging from the result of the violent experiment by a German King，Frederick II，in the 13th century，it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue，he told the nurses to keep silent.

All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering，in the first year of life especially，the capacity to survive is seriously affected.

Today no much violent deprivation exists as that by Frederick II. Nevertheless，some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant，whose brain is programmed to map up language rapidly. There are critical times，it seems，when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected，the ideal time for acquiring language skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.

Linguists(语言学家)suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age，but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.

Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about Man's brain compared with that of the monkey，is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of ，say，a teddy-bear(玩具熊)with the sound pattern “teddy-bear”。

But speech has to be stimulated，and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child，where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling(牙牙学语)，grasping，crying，smiling，and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development language.

If the mother does not respond to her child's signals________.