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Despite Denmark"s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in tire eye and say, "Denmark is a great country". You"re supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life"s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little", and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It"s a nation of recyclers—about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It"s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. Such a nation of overachievers—a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world"s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere". So, of course, one"s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigners out of Denmark!"), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it"s 2 a.m. and there"s not a car in sight. However, Danes don"t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—that"s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesn"t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn"t feel bad for taking what you"re entitled to, you"re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage

A．Fondness of foreign culture.
B．Equality in society.
C．Linguistic tolerance.
D．Persistent planning.
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单项选择题

For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn"t be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.The most important advances made by mankind come from______.

A．apparently useless information
B．the natural sciences
C．philosophy
D．technical applications
单项选择题

British cancer" researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia—not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. "Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection", said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. "A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection". Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. "Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing", Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection

A．Leo Kinlen
B．Richard Doll
C．Louise Parker
D．Heather Dickinson
单项选择题

Despite Denmark"s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in tire eye and say, "Denmark is a great country". You"re supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life"s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little", and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It"s a nation of recyclers—about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It"s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. Such a nation of overachievers—a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world"s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere". So, of course, one"s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigners out of Denmark!"), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it"s 2 a.m. and there"s not a car in sight. However, Danes don"t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—that"s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesn"t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn"t feel bad for taking what you"re entitled to, you"re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.The author thinks that Danes adopt a______attitude towards their country.

A．boastful
B．modest
C．deprecating
D．mysterious
单项选择题

Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people"s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people"s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people"s work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.What idea did the author derive from the recent opinion polls

A．New jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures.
B．Available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population.
C．The present high unemployment figures are a fact of life.
D．Jobs available must be distributed among more people.
单项选择题

For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn"t be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.The author does not include among the science the study of______.

A．Astronomy
B．Literature
C．Chemistry
D．Economics
问答题

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about Rituals and ceremonies and cultural identity. Choose the most suitable from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41—45). The first paragraph of the text is not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. Preserving cultural identity can be achieved in different way.B. Ritual and ceremony are used in order to keep their own cultural identification.C. Ritual and ceremony should not be regarded as a only way of keeping cultural identification, for they have other function.D. Different cultures mainly use superstition to keep identification.E. Ritual and ceremony have a closer relation with superstition.F. In American ritual and ceremony can show their subcultures identity. The speaker asserts that rituals and ceremonies are needed for any culture or group of people to retain a strong sense of identity. I agree that one purpose of ritual and ceremony is to preserve cultural identity, at least in modern times. However, this is not their sole purpose; nor are ritual and ceremony the only means of preserving cultural identity. (41)______. I agree with the speaker insofar as one purpose of ritual and ceremony in today"s world is to preserve cultural identity. Native American tribes, for example, cling tenaciously to their traditional ceremonies and rituals, which typically tell a story about tribal heritage. The reason for maintaining these rituals and customs lies largely in the tribes" 500-year struggle against assimilation, even extinction, at the hands of European intruders. An outward display of traditional customs and distinct heritage is needed to put the world on notice that each tribe is a distinct and autonomous people, with its own heritage, values, and ideas. Otherwise, the tribe risks total assimilation and loss of identity. (42)______. The lack of meaningful ritual and ceremony in homogenous mainstream America underscores this point. Other than a few gratuitous ceremonies such as weddings and funerals, we maintain no common rituals to set us apart from other cultures. The reason for this is that as a whole America has little cultural identity of its own anymore. Instead, it has become a patchwork quilt of many subcultures, such as Native Americans, Hasidic Jews, Amish, and urban African Americans—each of which resort to some outward demonstration of its distinctiveness in order to establish and maintain a unique cultural identity. (43)______. Nevertheless, preserving cultural identify cannot be the only purpose of ritual and ceremony. Otherwise, how would one explain why isolated cultures that don"t need to distinguish themselves to preserve their identity nevertheless engage in their own distinct rituals and ceremonies In fact, the initial purpose of ritual and ceremony is rooted not in cultural identity but rather superstition and spiritual belief. The original purpose of a ritual might have been to frighten away evil spirits, to bring about weather conditions favorable to bountiful harvests, or to entreat the gods for a successful hunt or for victory in battle. Even today some primitive cultures engage in rituals primarily for such reasons. (44)______. Nor are ritual and ceremony the only means of preserving cultural identity. For example, our Amish culture demonstrates its distinctiveness through dress and lifestyle. Hasidic Jews set themselves apart by their dress, vocational choices, and dietary habits. And African Americans distinguish themselves today by their manner of speech and gesture. Of course, these subcultures have their own distinct ways of cerebrating events such as weddings, coming of age, and so forth. Yet ritual and ceremony are not the primary means by which these subcultures maintain their identity. (45)______. In sum, to prevent total cultural assimilation into our modern-day homogenous soup, a subculture with a unique and proud heritage must maintain an outward display of that heritage—by way of ritual and ceremony. Nevertheless, ritual and ceremony serve a spiritual function as well—one that has little to do with preventing cultural assimilation. Moreover, rituals and ceremonies are not the only means of preserving cultural identity.
答案： 正确答案：F
单项选择题

British cancer" researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia—not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. "Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection", said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. "A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection". Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. "Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing", Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.Which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker"s new findings

A．Radiation has contributed to the disease.
B．Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia.
C．Population mixing is the most important reason for leukaemia cluster.
D．Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual infection.
单项选择题

Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people"s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people"s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people"s work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.The passage suggests that we should now re-examine our thinking about work and______.

A．be prepared to fill in time by taking up housework
B．set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn cab employ others
C．create more factories in order to increase our productivity
D．be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of work
单项选择题

Despite Denmark"s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in tire eye and say, "Denmark is a great country". You"re supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life"s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little", and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It"s a nation of recyclers—about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It"s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. Such a nation of overachievers—a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world"s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere". So, of course, one"s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigners out of Denmark!"), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it"s 2 a.m. and there"s not a car in sight. However, Danes don"t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—that"s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesn"t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn"t feel bad for taking what you"re entitled to, you"re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage

A．Fondness of foreign culture.
B．Equality in society.
C．Linguistic tolerance.
D．Persistent planning.
单项选择题

For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn"t be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss______.

A．unforeseen discoveries
B．philosophy
C．the value of pure research
D．the value of technical research
问答题

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about Rituals and ceremonies and cultural identity. Choose the most suitable from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41—45). The first paragraph of the text is not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. Preserving cultural identity can be achieved in different way.B. Ritual and ceremony are used in order to keep their own cultural identification.C. Ritual and ceremony should not be regarded as a only way of keeping cultural identification, for they have other function.D. Different cultures mainly use superstition to keep identification.E. Ritual and ceremony have a closer relation with superstition.F. In American ritual and ceremony can show their subcultures identity. The speaker asserts that rituals and ceremonies are needed for any culture or group of people to retain a strong sense of identity. I agree that one purpose of ritual and ceremony is to preserve cultural identity, at least in modern times. However, this is not their sole purpose; nor are ritual and ceremony the only means of preserving cultural identity. (41)______. I agree with the speaker insofar as one purpose of ritual and ceremony in today"s world is to preserve cultural identity. Native American tribes, for example, cling tenaciously to their traditional ceremonies and rituals, which typically tell a story about tribal heritage. The reason for maintaining these rituals and customs lies largely in the tribes" 500-year struggle against assimilation, even extinction, at the hands of European intruders. An outward display of traditional customs and distinct heritage is needed to put the world on notice that each tribe is a distinct and autonomous people, with its own heritage, values, and ideas. Otherwise, the tribe risks total assimilation and loss of identity. (42)______. The lack of meaningful ritual and ceremony in homogenous mainstream America underscores this point. Other than a few gratuitous ceremonies such as weddings and funerals, we maintain no common rituals to set us apart from other cultures. The reason for this is that as a whole America has little cultural identity of its own anymore. Instead, it has become a patchwork quilt of many subcultures, such as Native Americans, Hasidic Jews, Amish, and urban African Americans—each of which resort to some outward demonstration of its distinctiveness in order to establish and maintain a unique cultural identity. (43)______. Nevertheless, preserving cultural identify cannot be the only purpose of ritual and ceremony. Otherwise, how would one explain why isolated cultures that don"t need to distinguish themselves to preserve their identity nevertheless engage in their own distinct rituals and ceremonies In fact, the initial purpose of ritual and ceremony is rooted not in cultural identity but rather superstition and spiritual belief. The original purpose of a ritual might have been to frighten away evil spirits, to bring about weather conditions favorable to bountiful harvests, or to entreat the gods for a successful hunt or for victory in battle. Even today some primitive cultures engage in rituals primarily for such reasons. (44)______. Nor are ritual and ceremony the only means of preserving cultural identity. For example, our Amish culture demonstrates its distinctiveness through dress and lifestyle. Hasidic Jews set themselves apart by their dress, vocational choices, and dietary habits. And African Americans distinguish themselves today by their manner of speech and gesture. Of course, these subcultures have their own distinct ways of cerebrating events such as weddings, coming of age, and so forth. Yet ritual and ceremony are not the primary means by which these subcultures maintain their identity. (45)______. In sum, to prevent total cultural assimilation into our modern-day homogenous soup, a subculture with a unique and proud heritage must maintain an outward display of that heritage—by way of ritual and ceremony. Nevertheless, ritual and ceremony serve a spiritual function as well—one that has little to do with preventing cultural assimilation. Moreover, rituals and ceremonies are not the only means of preserving cultural identity.
答案： 正确答案：E
单项选择题

British cancer" researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia—not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. "Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection", said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. "A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection". Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. "Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing", Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.According to the passage, which of the following is true

A．Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors.
B．Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia.
C．Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia.
D．Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia.
单项选择题

Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people"s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people"s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people"s work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.The passage tells us that the arrival of the industrial age meant that______.

A．economic freedom came within everyone"s reach
B．patterns of work were fundamentally changed
C．to survive, everyone had to find a job
D．universal employment guaranteed prosperity
单项选择题

Despite Denmark"s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in tire eye and say, "Denmark is a great country". You"re supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life"s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little", and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It"s a nation of recyclers—about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It"s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. Such a nation of overachievers—a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world"s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere". So, of course, one"s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigners out of Denmark!"), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it"s 2 a.m. and there"s not a car in sight. However, Danes don"t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—that"s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesn"t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn"t feel bad for taking what you"re entitled to, you"re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.The author"s reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is______.

A．disapproving
B．approving
C．noncommittal
D．doubtful
单项选择题

For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn"t be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.The author points out that the Greeks who studies conic section______.

A．were unaware of the value of their studies
B．were mathematicians
C．resigned
D．were interested in navigation
问答题

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about Rituals and ceremonies and cultural identity. Choose the most suitable from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41—45). The first paragraph of the text is not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. Preserving cultural identity can be achieved in different way.B. Ritual and ceremony are used in order to keep their own cultural identification.C. Ritual and ceremony should not be regarded as a only way of keeping cultural identification, for they have other function.D. Different cultures mainly use superstition to keep identification.E. Ritual and ceremony have a closer relation with superstition.F. In American ritual and ceremony can show their subcultures identity. The speaker asserts that rituals and ceremonies are needed for any culture or group of people to retain a strong sense of identity. I agree that one purpose of ritual and ceremony is to preserve cultural identity, at least in modern times. However, this is not their sole purpose; nor are ritual and ceremony the only means of preserving cultural identity. (41)______. I agree with the speaker insofar as one purpose of ritual and ceremony in today"s world is to preserve cultural identity. Native American tribes, for example, cling tenaciously to their traditional ceremonies and rituals, which typically tell a story about tribal heritage. The reason for maintaining these rituals and customs lies largely in the tribes" 500-year struggle against assimilation, even extinction, at the hands of European intruders. An outward display of traditional customs and distinct heritage is needed to put the world on notice that each tribe is a distinct and autonomous people, with its own heritage, values, and ideas. Otherwise, the tribe risks total assimilation and loss of identity. (42)______. The lack of meaningful ritual and ceremony in homogenous mainstream America underscores this point. Other than a few gratuitous ceremonies such as weddings and funerals, we maintain no common rituals to set us apart from other cultures. The reason for this is that as a whole America has little cultural identity of its own anymore. Instead, it has become a patchwork quilt of many subcultures, such as Native Americans, Hasidic Jews, Amish, and urban African Americans—each of which resort to some outward demonstration of its distinctiveness in order to establish and maintain a unique cultural identity. (43)______. Nevertheless, preserving cultural identify cannot be the only purpose of ritual and ceremony. Otherwise, how would one explain why isolated cultures that don"t need to distinguish themselves to preserve their identity nevertheless engage in their own distinct rituals and ceremonies In fact, the initial purpose of ritual and ceremony is rooted not in cultural identity but rather superstition and spiritual belief. The original purpose of a ritual might have been to frighten away evil spirits, to bring about weather conditions favorable to bountiful harvests, or to entreat the gods for a successful hunt or for victory in battle. Even today some primitive cultures engage in rituals primarily for such reasons. (44)______. Nor are ritual and ceremony the only means of preserving cultural identity. For example, our Amish culture demonstrates its distinctiveness through dress and lifestyle. Hasidic Jews set themselves apart by their dress, vocational choices, and dietary habits. And African Americans distinguish themselves today by their manner of speech and gesture. Of course, these subcultures have their own distinct ways of cerebrating events such as weddings, coming of age, and so forth. Yet ritual and ceremony are not the primary means by which these subcultures maintain their identity. (45)______. In sum, to prevent total cultural assimilation into our modern-day homogenous soup, a subculture with a unique and proud heritage must maintain an outward display of that heritage—by way of ritual and ceremony. Nevertheless, ritual and ceremony serve a spiritual function as well—one that has little to do with preventing cultural assimilation. Moreover, rituals and ceremonies are not the only means of preserving cultural identity.
答案： 正确答案：A
单项选择题

British cancer" researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia—not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. "Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection", said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. "A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection". Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. "Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing", Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a______.

A．medical journal
B．research institute
C．private company
D．governmental agency
单项选择题

Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people"s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people"s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people"s work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries, ______.

A．people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their land
B．people were no longer legally entitled to reclaim land
C．people were badly paid for the work they managed to find
D．people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves
单项选择题

For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn"t be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.The practical scientist______.

A．is a philosopher
B．is interested in the unknown
C．knows the value of what he will discover
D．knows that the world exists
问答题

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about Rituals and ceremonies and cultural identity. Choose the most suitable from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41—45). The first paragraph of the text is not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.A. Preserving cultural identity can be achieved in different way.B. Ritual and ceremony are used in order to keep their own cultural identification.C. Ritual and ceremony should not be regarded as a only way of keeping cultural identification, for they have other function.D. Different cultures mainly use superstition to keep identification.E. Ritual and ceremony have a closer relation with superstition.F. In American ritual and ceremony can show their subcultures identity. The speaker asserts that rituals and ceremonies are needed for any culture or group of people to retain a strong sense of identity. I agree that one purpose of ritual and ceremony is to preserve cultural identity, at least in modern times. However, this is not their sole purpose; nor are ritual and ceremony the only means of preserving cultural identity. (41)______. I agree with the speaker insofar as one purpose of ritual and ceremony in today"s world is to preserve cultural identity. Native American tribes, for example, cling tenaciously to their traditional ceremonies and rituals, which typically tell a story about tribal heritage. The reason for maintaining these rituals and customs lies largely in the tribes" 500-year struggle against assimilation, even extinction, at the hands of European intruders. An outward display of traditional customs and distinct heritage is needed to put the world on notice that each tribe is a distinct and autonomous people, with its own heritage, values, and ideas. Otherwise, the tribe risks total assimilation and loss of identity. (42)______. The lack of meaningful ritual and ceremony in homogenous mainstream America underscores this point. Other than a few gratuitous ceremonies such as weddings and funerals, we maintain no common rituals to set us apart from other cultures. The reason for this is that as a whole America has little cultural identity of its own anymore. Instead, it has become a patchwork quilt of many subcultures, such as Native Americans, Hasidic Jews, Amish, and urban African Americans—each of which resort to some outward demonstration of its distinctiveness in order to establish and maintain a unique cultural identity. (43)______. Nevertheless, preserving cultural identify cannot be the only purpose of ritual and ceremony. Otherwise, how would one explain why isolated cultures that don"t need to distinguish themselves to preserve their identity nevertheless engage in their own distinct rituals and ceremonies In fact, the initial purpose of ritual and ceremony is rooted not in cultural identity but rather superstition and spiritual belief. The original purpose of a ritual might have been to frighten away evil spirits, to bring about weather conditions favorable to bountiful harvests, or to entreat the gods for a successful hunt or for victory in battle. Even today some primitive cultures engage in rituals primarily for such reasons. (44)______. Nor are ritual and ceremony the only means of preserving cultural identity. For example, our Amish culture demonstrates its distinctiveness through dress and lifestyle. Hasidic Jews set themselves apart by their dress, vocational choices, and dietary habits. And African Americans distinguish themselves today by their manner of speech and gesture. Of course, these subcultures have their own distinct ways of cerebrating events such as weddings, coming of age, and so forth. Yet ritual and ceremony are not the primary means by which these subcultures maintain their identity. (45)______. In sum, to prevent total cultural assimilation into our modern-day homogenous soup, a subculture with a unique and proud heritage must maintain an outward display of that heritage—by way of ritual and ceremony. Nevertheless, ritual and ceremony serve a spiritual function as well—one that has little to do with preventing cultural assimilation. Moreover, rituals and ceremonies are not the only means of preserving cultural identity.
答案： 正确答案：C
单项选择题

British cancer" researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia—not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease. "Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection", said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. "A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection". Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. "Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing", Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer. Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.This passage is mainly about______.

A．the cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing part
B．the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemia
C．the causes of childhood leukaemia
D．a new finding by British scientists
单项选择题

Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people"s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom. Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people"s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people"s work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.According to the passage, which of the following is true

A．People should start to Support themselves by learning a practical skill.
B．The creation of jobs for all is an impossibility.
C．We should help people to get full-time jobs;
D．We must make every effort to solve the problem of unemployment.
单项选择题

Despite Denmark"s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in tire eye and say, "Denmark is a great country". You"re supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life"s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little", and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It"s a nation of recyclers—about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It"s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. Such a nation of overachievers—a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world"s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere". So, of course, one"s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigners out of Denmark!"), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it"s 2 a.m. and there"s not a car in sight. However, Danes don"t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—that"s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesn"t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn"t feel bad for taking what you"re entitled to, you"re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.According to the passage, Danish orderliness______.

A．sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes
B．spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoples
C．is considered economically essential to the country
D．prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles
单项选择题

Despite Denmark"s manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in tire eye and say, "Denmark is a great country". You"re supposed to figure this out for yourself. It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out life"s inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs—there is no Danish Academy to defend against it—old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little", and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It"s a nation of recyclers—about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new—and no nuclear power plants. It"s a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general. Such a nation of overachievers—a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, "Denmark is one of the world"s cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere". So, of course, one"s heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings ("Foreigners out of Denmark!"), broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park. Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the red light to change, even if it"s 2 a.m. and there"s not a car in sight. However, Danes don"t think of themselves as a waiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-light people—that"s how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is (though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesn"t mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn"t feel bad for taking what you"re entitled to, you"re as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that______.

A．Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits
B．Danes take for granted what is given to them
C．the open system helps to tide the country over
D．orderliness has alleviated unemployment
问答题

Sir Richard Friend is a tough man to track down. Phone calls to his two labs at Cambridge University go unanswered, and so do e-mails. In the end, a reporter has to leave a note in his campus pigeonhole. The elusive Friend is the unlikely instigator of what may be a revolution in electronics: plastics. (46) Although most electronic devices make use of silicon chips, Friend sees a future in which mobile phones, TVs, watches, computers and other devices incorporate inexpensive plastic chips. (47) Friend"s vision is based on his own discoveries, back in the "80s and "90s, that plastics can be used to make transistors, the basic element of chips, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which glow when electricity passes through them. His work has already yielded a new generation of lighter, thinner, brighter, cheaper and more flexible electronic screens for everything from lightweight mobile phones to disposable "talking" electronic greeting cards. (48) Now he"s working on devices that might bring us talking cereal boxes or advertising posters that light up and speak as you walk by. The materials might even be spray-painted onto walls that change color with the weather, or go into pillboxes that tell you when to take your medication. It sounds farfetched, but the basic technology is already at hand, E-books with flexible screens that can be rolled up and put into your pocket should start appearing in the next few years. (49) And plastic chips, which can be laid onto almost any surface, could be printed—just as ink is printed onto paper—onto any number of flexible surfaces. General Electric is working with the Department of Energy—to create large flexible sheets that could illuminate a room. If you think everything is digital now, just wait. (50) "Products in your fridge tagged with a chip would automatically change color after their sell-by date", says Peter Harrop, chairman of market-research firm IDTechEx. For his Cambridge students, Sir Richard has one word of advice: plastics.
答案： 正确答案：尽管大多数电子装置使用的是硅芯片，费赖恩德却看到了新的未来，到那时移动电话、电视机、钟表、计算机和其他装置都会...
问答题

Sir Richard Friend is a tough man to track down. Phone calls to his two labs at Cambridge University go unanswered, and so do e-mails. In the end, a reporter has to leave a note in his campus pigeonhole. The elusive Friend is the unlikely instigator of what may be a revolution in electronics: plastics. (46) Although most electronic devices make use of silicon chips, Friend sees a future in which mobile phones, TVs, watches, computers and other devices incorporate inexpensive plastic chips. (47) Friend"s vision is based on his own discoveries, back in the "80s and "90s, that plastics can be used to make transistors, the basic element of chips, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which glow when electricity passes through them. His work has already yielded a new generation of lighter, thinner, brighter, cheaper and more flexible electronic screens for everything from lightweight mobile phones to disposable "talking" electronic greeting cards. (48) Now he"s working on devices that might bring us talking cereal boxes or advertising posters that light up and speak as you walk by. The materials might even be spray-painted onto walls that change color with the weather, or go into pillboxes that tell you when to take your medication. It sounds farfetched, but the basic technology is already at hand, E-books with flexible screens that can be rolled up and put into your pocket should start appearing in the next few years. (49) And plastic chips, which can be laid onto almost any surface, could be printed—just as ink is printed onto paper—onto any number of flexible surfaces. General Electric is working with the Department of Energy—to create large flexible sheets that could illuminate a room. If you think everything is digital now, just wait. (50) "Products in your fridge tagged with a chip would automatically change color after their sell-by date", says Peter Harrop, chairman of market-research firm IDTechEx. For his Cambridge students, Sir Richard has one word of advice: plastics.
答案： 正确答案：费赖恩德的观点是基于他本人早在20世纪80和90年代的发现—可以用塑料来制造晶体管(芯片的基本元素)和发光二极...
问答题

Sir Richard Friend is a tough man to track down. Phone calls to his two labs at Cambridge University go unanswered, and so do e-mails. In the end, a reporter has to leave a note in his campus pigeonhole. The elusive Friend is the unlikely instigator of what may be a revolution in electronics: plastics. (46) Although most electronic devices make use of silicon chips, Friend sees a future in which mobile phones, TVs, watches, computers and other devices incorporate inexpensive plastic chips. (47) Friend"s vision is based on his own discoveries, back in the "80s and "90s, that plastics can be used to make transistors, the basic element of chips, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which glow when electricity passes through them. His work has already yielded a new generation of lighter, thinner, brighter, cheaper and more flexible electronic screens for everything from lightweight mobile phones to disposable "talking" electronic greeting cards. (48) Now he"s working on devices that might bring us talking cereal boxes or advertising posters that light up and speak as you walk by. The materials might even be spray-painted onto walls that change color with the weather, or go into pillboxes that tell you when to take your medication. It sounds farfetched, but the basic technology is already at hand, E-books with flexible screens that can be rolled up and put into your pocket should start appearing in the next few years. (49) And plastic chips, which can be laid onto almost any surface, could be printed—just as ink is printed onto paper—onto any number of flexible surfaces. General Electric is working with the Department of Energy—to create large flexible sheets that could illuminate a room. If you think everything is digital now, just wait. (50) "Products in your fridge tagged with a chip would automatically change color after their sell-by date", says Peter Harrop, chairman of market-research firm IDTechEx. For his Cambridge students, Sir Richard has one word of advice: plastics.
答案： 正确答案：现在费赖恩德正在研究的装置可能带给我们会说话的谷类食品盒，或是当你走过时就会点亮并且说话的广告牌。
问答题

Sir Richard Friend is a tough man to track down. Phone calls to his two labs at Cambridge University go unanswered, and so do e-mails. In the end, a reporter has to leave a note in his campus pigeonhole. The elusive Friend is the unlikely instigator of what may be a revolution in electronics: plastics. (46) Although most electronic devices make use of silicon chips, Friend sees a future in which mobile phones, TVs, watches, computers and other devices incorporate inexpensive plastic chips. (47) Friend"s vision is based on his own discoveries, back in the "80s and "90s, that plastics can be used to make transistors, the basic element of chips, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which glow when electricity passes through them. His work has already yielded a new generation of lighter, thinner, brighter, cheaper and more flexible electronic screens for everything from lightweight mobile phones to disposable "talking" electronic greeting cards. (48) Now he"s working on devices that might bring us talking cereal boxes or advertising posters that light up and speak as you walk by. The materials might even be spray-painted onto walls that change color with the weather, or go into pillboxes that tell you when to take your medication. It sounds farfetched, but the basic technology is already at hand, E-books with flexible screens that can be rolled up and put into your pocket should start appearing in the next few years. (49) And plastic chips, which can be laid onto almost any surface, could be printed—just as ink is printed onto paper—onto any number of flexible surfaces. General Electric is working with the Department of Energy—to create large flexible sheets that could illuminate a room. If you think everything is digital now, just wait. (50) "Products in your fridge tagged with a chip would automatically change color after their sell-by date", says Peter Harrop, chairman of market-research firm IDTechEx. For his Cambridge students, Sir Richard has one word of advice: plastics.
答案： 正确答案：可以附着于几乎任何表面的塑料芯片，可以像用油墨在纸上印刷一样，印到数量不限的柔软表面上去。
问答题

Sir Richard Friend is a tough man to track down. Phone calls to his two labs at Cambridge University go unanswered, and so do e-mails. In the end, a reporter has to leave a note in his campus pigeonhole. The elusive Friend is the unlikely instigator of what may be a revolution in electronics: plastics. (46) Although most electronic devices make use of silicon chips, Friend sees a future in which mobile phones, TVs, watches, computers and other devices incorporate inexpensive plastic chips. (47) Friend"s vision is based on his own discoveries, back in the "80s and "90s, that plastics can be used to make transistors, the basic element of chips, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which glow when electricity passes through them. His work has already yielded a new generation of lighter, thinner, brighter, cheaper and more flexible electronic screens for everything from lightweight mobile phones to disposable "talking" electronic greeting cards. (48) Now he"s working on devices that might bring us talking cereal boxes or advertising posters that light up and speak as you walk by. The materials might even be spray-painted onto walls that change color with the weather, or go into pillboxes that tell you when to take your medication. It sounds farfetched, but the basic technology is already at hand, E-books with flexible screens that can be rolled up and put into your pocket should start appearing in the next few years. (49) And plastic chips, which can be laid onto almost any surface, could be printed—just as ink is printed onto paper—onto any number of flexible surfaces. General Electric is working with the Department of Energy—to create large flexible sheets that could illuminate a room. If you think everything is digital now, just wait. (50) "Products in your fridge tagged with a chip would automatically change color after their sell-by date", says Peter Harrop, chairman of market-research firm IDTechEx. For his Cambridge students, Sir Richard has one word of advice: plastics.
答案： 正确答案：一家市场研究公司IDTechEx的总裁彼得.哈罗普说："你冰箱里的贴有芯片的物品，一过保质期就会自动变色"。
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