People often didn"t realize how close ...

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Things to Know about the UK
From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It"s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraetton. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the UK is among the world"s best.
Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you"re one of these people, you"d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It"s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.
Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. While coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London"s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London"s underground is called the Tube. It"s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd"s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.Paragraph 2 ______.
A. Education
B. People
C. Transport
D. Drinks
E. Food
F. Nightlife

答案： B[解析] 第二段没有主题句，但我们通过阅读全段，可以找到同义高频词the British, these people,...

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Even Intelligent People Can Fail
The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.
We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison"s success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879 and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he tamed it on, on September 4, 1882.
"Many of life"s failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in them only two cases did his experiments work.
No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company"s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is "You only fail when you quit."
Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.
Failure is harder to bear in today"s open accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen"s company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn"t. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic to himself.Paragraph 2 ______.
A. Importance of learning from failure
B. Quality shared by most innovators
C. Edison"s Innovation
D. Edison"s comment on failure
E. Contributions made by innovators
F. Miseries endured by innovators

答案： C[解析] 第二段没有主题句，但大致浏览一遍却可以发现这段是关于ThomasEdison的，所以该段关键词是Thomas...

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Team Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together
"Team working" is found everywhere within just about every organization. You can"t get away from "teams" that are supposed to be able to create something that is much better than the simple sum of its parts. There are four measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team.
There must be a clear reason for the team to exist. And the team members should commonly realize what they are going to achieve as a team. What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. What is more, they should also be well prepared for the possible difficulties they may come across in the process.
Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized. This is an important point so that the team can resolve some complex or thorny (棘手的) issues. For example, it may discuss a sensitive topic. Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share it with other employees This is an issue in itself that all the members should agree on and frank discussion is required.
It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones. This is not only demoralizing (不民主的) or discouraging. It also makes no sense—people that have nothing to contribute should not have been selected for the team in the first place. Since they have become members of your team, you need to make sure that each of them has an opportunity to add his or her thoughts to discussions.
Most excellent teams are well organized by an outstanding leader. A good organizer should be able to play to individuals" strengths and help them overcome their weaknesses. It should be someone who can act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team needs to achieve. He must, above all, be skilled in sharing responsibility and setting tasks to others, coaching them to achieve tasks, and providing constructive feedback (反馈) on how the tasks went.Paragraph 2 ______.
A．Leadership
B. Conflict Solving
C．Open Communication
D．Respect to All Team Members
E．Measuring Progress Against Goals
F．Common Goals with Challenging Target

答案： F[解析] 第二段的主题句是第二句the team members should commonly realize wh...

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Even Intelligent People Can Fail
The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.
We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison"s success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879 and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he tamed it on, on September 4, 1882.
"Many of life"s failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in them only two cases did his experiments work.
No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company"s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is "You only fail when you quit."
Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.
Failure is harder to bear in today"s open accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen"s company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn"t. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic to himself.Paragraph 3 ______.

答案： D[解析] 第三段也没有主题句，但我们通过the supreme innovator(指上文中的Thomas Ediso...

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Team Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together
"Team working" is found everywhere within just about every organization. You can"t get away from "teams" that are supposed to be able to create something that is much better than the simple sum of its parts. There are four measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team.
There must be a clear reason for the team to exist. And the team members should commonly realize what they are going to achieve as a team. What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. What is more, they should also be well prepared for the possible difficulties they may come across in the process.
Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized. This is an important point so that the team can resolve some complex or thorny (棘手的) issues. For example, it may discuss a sensitive topic. Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share it with other employees This is an issue in itself that all the members should agree on and frank discussion is required.
It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones. This is not only demoralizing (不民主的) or discouraging. It also makes no sense—people that have nothing to contribute should not have been selected for the team in the first place. Since they have become members of your team, you need to make sure that each of them has an opportunity to add his or her thoughts to discussions.
Most excellent teams are well organized by an outstanding leader. A good organizer should be able to play to individuals" strengths and help them overcome their weaknesses. It should be someone who can act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team needs to achieve. He must, above all, be skilled in sharing responsibility and setting tasks to others, coaching them to achieve tasks, and providing constructive feedback (反馈) on how the tasks went.Paragraph 3 ______.

答案： C[解析] 第三段的主题句是第一句Team members must be able to express their ...

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Things to Know about the UK
From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It"s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraetton. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the UK is among the world"s best.
Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you"re one of these people, you"d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It"s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.
Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. While coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London"s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London"s underground is called the Tube. It"s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd"s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.Paragraph 3 ______.

答案： C[解析] 第三段主题句是第一句Getting around England is pretty easy，即游览英国是...

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The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals(个人)should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is even more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. In one word, that graduates can contribute to the national economy doesn"t mean that they should get free higher education.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.Paragraph 1 ______.
A. Graduates" contribution to economy doesn"t guarantee their free education
B. It"s no good for universities to get financial support from government
C. Teachers pay more attention to their academic research
D. Higher education should be paid by individuals themselves
E. The businesses also contribute to the national economy
F. Students paying the education fee demand more from teachers

答案： D[解析] 第一段主题句是第一句：Individuals (个人) should pay for their highe...

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Even Intelligent People Can Fail
The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.
We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison"s success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879 and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he tamed it on, on September 4, 1882.
"Many of life"s failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in them only two cases did his experiments work.
No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company"s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is "You only fail when you quit."
Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.
Failure is harder to bear in today"s open accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen"s company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn"t. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic to himself.Paragraph 4 ______.

答案： A[解析] 第四段主题句即为第一句No one likes failure, but the smart innovat...

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Team Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together
"Team working" is found everywhere within just about every organization. You can"t get away from "teams" that are supposed to be able to create something that is much better than the simple sum of its parts. There are four measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team.
There must be a clear reason for the team to exist. And the team members should commonly realize what they are going to achieve as a team. What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. What is more, they should also be well prepared for the possible difficulties they may come across in the process.
Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized. This is an important point so that the team can resolve some complex or thorny (棘手的) issues. For example, it may discuss a sensitive topic. Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share it with other employees This is an issue in itself that all the members should agree on and frank discussion is required.
It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones. This is not only demoralizing (不民主的) or discouraging. It also makes no sense—people that have nothing to contribute should not have been selected for the team in the first place. Since they have become members of your team, you need to make sure that each of them has an opportunity to add his or her thoughts to discussions.
Most excellent teams are well organized by an outstanding leader. A good organizer should be able to play to individuals" strengths and help them overcome their weaknesses. It should be someone who can act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team needs to achieve. He must, above all, be skilled in sharing responsibility and setting tasks to others, coaching them to achieve tasks, and providing constructive feedback (反馈) on how the tasks went.Paragraph 4 ______.

答案： D[解析] 第四段的主题句是最后一句Since they have become members of your tea...

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Games Are Not Just Games
Why play games Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules...planning your next move...acting as a team member...these are all "game" ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas. These games can teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow in the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作).
Many children"s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. This game can sharpen the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much, which can encourage the people to a large degree.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. After all, games are not just games.Paragraph 2 ______.
A. Sports games make people be proud of their country
B. Games are entertaining
C. Sports strengthen people as a whole
D. Games can teach children necessary rules
E. Games give people hope
F. Games help prepare children for their future job

答案： D[解析] 第二段主题句是段尾最后一句：These games can teach children some of t...

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Customer "Delight"
In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer "delight" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business. According to a commercial research, people who get good service will tell up to 12 other people, while those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"—caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. "Many people do not like talking to machines," says Dr. Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them—the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券) as an unexpected "thank you" to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when there are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example, "I know how you must feel"), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case). For example, airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. There is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their names, job title and a "we are here to help" attitude.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.Paragraph 2 ______.
A. Methods of delighting customers
B. Importance of good service
C. How to remedy the clients" disappointment
D. Accept the customers" complaints
E. New challenges for customer care
F. The correct attitude

答案： B[解析] 第二段主题句为第一句：It is accepted in the marketing industry, a...

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Things to Know about the UK
From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It"s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraetton. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the UK is among the world"s best.
Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you"re one of these people, you"d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It"s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.
Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. While coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London"s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London"s underground is called the Tube. It"s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd"s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.Paragraph 4 ______.

答案： E[解析] 第四段主题句是第二句But you still need to know some of the tradi...

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The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals(个人)should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is even more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. In one word, that graduates can contribute to the national economy doesn"t mean that they should get free higher education.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.Paragraph 2 ______.

答案： B[解析] 第二段主题句是段首第一句：Full government funding (资助) is not very ...

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Team Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together
"Team working" is found everywhere within just about every organization. You can"t get away from "teams" that are supposed to be able to create something that is much better than the simple sum of its parts. There are four measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team.
There must be a clear reason for the team to exist. And the team members should commonly realize what they are going to achieve as a team. What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. What is more, they should also be well prepared for the possible difficulties they may come across in the process.
Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized. This is an important point so that the team can resolve some complex or thorny (棘手的) issues. For example, it may discuss a sensitive topic. Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share it with other employees This is an issue in itself that all the members should agree on and frank discussion is required.
It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones. This is not only demoralizing (不民主的) or discouraging. It also makes no sense—people that have nothing to contribute should not have been selected for the team in the first place. Since they have become members of your team, you need to make sure that each of them has an opportunity to add his or her thoughts to discussions.
Most excellent teams are well organized by an outstanding leader. A good organizer should be able to play to individuals" strengths and help them overcome their weaknesses. It should be someone who can act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team needs to achieve. He must, above all, be skilled in sharing responsibility and setting tasks to others, coaching them to achieve tasks, and providing constructive feedback (反馈) on how the tasks went.Paragraph 5 ______.

答案： A[解析] 第四段的主题句是第一句Most excellent teams are well organized by ...

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Even Intelligent People Can Fail
The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.
We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison"s success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879 and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he tamed it on, on September 4, 1882.
"Many of life"s failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in them only two cases did his experiments work.
No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company"s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is "You only fail when you quit."
Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.
Failure is harder to bear in today"s open accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen"s company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn"t. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic to himself.Paragraph 5 ______.

答案： B[解析] 第五段主题句是第一句：Over two centuries, the most common quality...

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Games Are Not Just Games
Why play games Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules...planning your next move...acting as a team member...these are all "game" ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas. These games can teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow in the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作).
Many children"s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. This game can sharpen the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much, which can encourage the people to a large degree.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. After all, games are not just games.Paragraph 3 ______.

答案： F[解析] 第三段主题句是段首第二句：Children around the world play games that...

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The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals(个人)should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is even more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. In one word, that graduates can contribute to the national economy doesn"t mean that they should get free higher education.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.Paragraph 3 ______.

答案： F[解析] 第三段主题句也是第一句：If students have to pay for their educatio...

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Things to Know about the UK
From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It"s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraetton. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the UK is among the world"s best.
Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you"re one of these people, you"d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It"s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.
Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. While coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London"s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London"s underground is called the Tube. It"s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd"s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.Paragraph 5 ______.

答案： F[解析] 第五段主题句是第一句Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of E...

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Customer "Delight"
In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer "delight" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business. According to a commercial research, people who get good service will tell up to 12 other people, while those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"—caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. "Many people do not like talking to machines," says Dr. Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them—the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券) as an unexpected "thank you" to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when there are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example, "I know how you must feel"), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case). For example, airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. There is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their names, job title and a "we are here to help" attitude.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.Paragraph 3 ______.

答案： E[解析] 第三段主题句为第一句：New challenges for customer care have come ...

填空题

Even Intelligent People Can Fail
The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.
We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison"s success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879 and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he tamed it on, on September 4, 1882.
"Many of life"s failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in them only two cases did his experiments work.
No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company"s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is "You only fail when you quit."
Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.
Failure is harder to bear in today"s open accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen"s company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn"t. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic to himself.People often didn"t realize how close they were to success when ______.
A. he developed 3,000 theories
B. he couldn"t afford to buy a pair of shoes
C. he found himself an unsuccessful man
D. they quitted
E. an innovation should work immediately
F. failure is the mother of success

答案： D[解析] 根据题干线索词realize how close they were to success，我们可以定位文章...

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Team Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together
"Team working" is found everywhere within just about every organization. You can"t get away from "teams" that are supposed to be able to create something that is much better than the simple sum of its parts. There are four measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team.
There must be a clear reason for the team to exist. And the team members should commonly realize what they are going to achieve as a team. What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. What is more, they should also be well prepared for the possible difficulties they may come across in the process.
Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized. This is an important point so that the team can resolve some complex or thorny (棘手的) issues. For example, it may discuss a sensitive topic. Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share it with other employees This is an issue in itself that all the members should agree on and frank discussion is required.
It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones. This is not only demoralizing (不民主的) or discouraging. It also makes no sense—people that have nothing to contribute should not have been selected for the team in the first place. Since they have become members of your team, you need to make sure that each of them has an opportunity to add his or her thoughts to discussions.
Most excellent teams are well organized by an outstanding leader. A good organizer should be able to play to individuals" strengths and help them overcome their weaknesses. It should be someone who can act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team needs to achieve. He must, above all, be skilled in sharing responsibility and setting tasks to others, coaching them to achieve tasks, and providing constructive feedback (反馈) on how the tasks went.The team members should be well prepared for ______.
A. deal with some difficult problems
B. respect junior team members
C. junior team members
D. the possible difficulties
E. help team members overcome their weaknesses
F. the common target goals

答案： D[解析] 根据题干关键线索词should be well prepared for可以将原文定位到第二段最后一句话Wh...

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The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals(个人)should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is even more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. In one word, that graduates can contribute to the national economy doesn"t mean that they should get free higher education.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.Paragraph 4 ______.

答案： A[解析] 第四段主题句是段尾最后一句：In one word, that graduates can contribu...

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Customer "Delight"
In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer "delight" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business. According to a commercial research, people who get good service will tell up to 12 other people, while those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"—caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. "Many people do not like talking to machines," says Dr. Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them—the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券) as an unexpected "thank you" to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when there are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example, "I know how you must feel"), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case). For example, airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. There is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their names, job title and a "we are here to help" attitude.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.Paragraph 4 ______.

答案： A[解析] 第四段主题句为段首第一小句：Recommended ways of creating customer de...

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Things to Know about the UK
From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It"s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraetton. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the UK is among the world"s best.
Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you"re one of these people, you"d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It"s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.
Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. While coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London"s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London"s underground is called the Tube. It"s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd"s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.The UK is a country that is ______.
A. faster but more expensive than buses
B. both ancient and modern
C. humorous and hospitable
D. cheap and efficient
E. traditional and famous
F. clever and hardworking

答案： B[解析] 我们在题干中不能确定其关键线索词，但根据“题目顺序与段落顺序是基本保持一致的”这一小规律，在这里我们可以定位...

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Even Intelligent People Can Fail
The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.
We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison"s success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879 and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he tamed it on, on September 4, 1882.
"Many of life"s failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in them only two cases did his experiments work.
No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company"s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is "You only fail when you quit."
Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.
Failure is harder to bear in today"s open accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen"s company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn"t. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic to himself.Before Henry Ford eventually developed the Model T car, ______.

答案： C[解析] 根据题干线索词Henry Ford，我们可以定位原文至第五段最后一句话：Pioneering car mak...

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Team Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together
"Team working" is found everywhere within just about every organization. You can"t get away from "teams" that are supposed to be able to create something that is much better than the simple sum of its parts. There are four measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team.
There must be a clear reason for the team to exist. And the team members should commonly realize what they are going to achieve as a team. What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. What is more, they should also be well prepared for the possible difficulties they may come across in the process.
Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized. This is an important point so that the team can resolve some complex or thorny (棘手的) issues. For example, it may discuss a sensitive topic. Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share it with other employees This is an issue in itself that all the members should agree on and frank discussion is required.
It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones. This is not only demoralizing (不民主的) or discouraging. It also makes no sense—people that have nothing to contribute should not have been selected for the team in the first place. Since they have become members of your team, you need to make sure that each of them has an opportunity to add his or her thoughts to discussions.
Most excellent teams are well organized by an outstanding leader. A good organizer should be able to play to individuals" strengths and help them overcome their weaknesses. It should be someone who can act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team needs to achieve. He must, above all, be skilled in sharing responsibility and setting tasks to others, coaching them to achieve tasks, and providing constructive feedback (反馈) on how the tasks went.Team members must freely express themselves so as to ______.

答案： A[解析] 首先根据语法常识so as to后应该加动词不定式，故可以排除选项C、D、F。然后根据题干关键线索词free...

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Games Are Not Just Games
Why play games Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules...planning your next move...acting as a team member...these are all "game" ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas. These games can teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow in the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作).
Many children"s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. This game can sharpen the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much, which can encourage the people to a large degree.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. After all, games are not just games.Paragraph 4 ______.

答案： A[解析] 第四段主题句为第一句：Many sports encourage national or local pri...

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The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals(个人)should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is even more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. In one word, that graduates can contribute to the national economy doesn"t mean that they should get free higher education.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.Social mobility always depends on ______.
A. teachers take teaching seriously
B. the possession of a university degree
C. non-graduates earn less than graduates
D. the development of national economy
E. they receive money from the government
F. students are lazy

答案： B[解析] 根据语法常识depend on后加短语，而非句子，排除选项A、C、E、F。再根据题干线索词social mo...

填空题

Customer "Delight"
In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer "delight" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business. According to a commercial research, people who get good service will tell up to 12 other people, while those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"—caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. "Many people do not like talking to machines," says Dr. Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them—the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券) as an unexpected "thank you" to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when there are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example, "I know how you must feel"), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case). For example, airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. There is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their names, job title and a "we are here to help" attitude.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.Paragraph 5 ______.

答案： C[解析] 第五段主题句为第二句：This can be eased by offering an apology an...

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Things to Know about the UK
From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It"s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraetton. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the UK is among the world"s best.
Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you"re one of these people, you"d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It"s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.
Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. While coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London"s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London"s underground is called the Tube. It"s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd"s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.The British people are ______.

答案： C[解析] 根据题干关键词the British people，我们可以将原文定位至第二段第三句的后半句...and y...

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Even Intelligent People Can Fail
The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.
We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison"s success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879 and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he tamed it on, on September 4, 1882.
"Many of life"s failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in them only two cases did his experiments work.
No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company"s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is "You only fail when you quit."
Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.
Failure is harder to bear in today"s open accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen"s company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn"t. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic to himself.Walt Disney was once so poor that ______.

答案： B[解析] 根据题干线索词Walt Disney，我们可以将原文定位至第五段第三句话，与B选项he couldn"t a...

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Team Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together
"Team working" is found everywhere within just about every organization. You can"t get away from "teams" that are supposed to be able to create something that is much better than the simple sum of its parts. There are four measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team.
There must be a clear reason for the team to exist. And the team members should commonly realize what they are going to achieve as a team. What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. What is more, they should also be well prepared for the possible difficulties they may come across in the process.
Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized. This is an important point so that the team can resolve some complex or thorny (棘手的) issues. For example, it may discuss a sensitive topic. Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share it with other employees This is an issue in itself that all the members should agree on and frank discussion is required.
It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones. This is not only demoralizing (不民主的) or discouraging. It also makes no sense—people that have nothing to contribute should not have been selected for the team in the first place. Since they have become members of your team, you need to make sure that each of them has an opportunity to add his or her thoughts to discussions.
Most excellent teams are well organized by an outstanding leader. A good organizer should be able to play to individuals" strengths and help them overcome their weaknesses. It should be someone who can act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team needs to achieve. He must, above all, be skilled in sharing responsibility and setting tasks to others, coaching them to achieve tasks, and providing constructive feedback (反馈) on how the tasks went.People always think that less contributions can be made by ______.

答案： C[解析] 根据题干关键线索词less contributions将原文定位至第四段第一句It is easy to t...

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The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals(个人)should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is even more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. In one word, that graduates can contribute to the national economy doesn"t mean that they should get free higher education.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.Adam Smith despised universities of 18th-century because ______.

答案： E[解析] 根据题干线索词Adam Smith定位到原文第二段第三句：He knew and looked down u...

填空题

Customer "Delight"
In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer "delight" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business. According to a commercial research, people who get good service will tell up to 12 other people, while those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"—caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. "Many people do not like talking to machines," says Dr. Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them—the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券) as an unexpected "thank you" to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when there are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example, "I know how you must feel"), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case). For example, airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. There is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their names, job title and a "we are here to help" attitude.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.80 percent of customers will continue to shop in one store if ______.
A．an unexpected "thank you"
B．they really love their goods
C．their complaints are dealt with fairly
D．a "we are here to help" attitude
E．employ the customer data
F．apologize for what they did

答案： C[解析] 首先，根据语法常识可推断出这里需要添加的是一个句子，故可以排除选项A、D、E、F。然后根据题干线索词80 p...

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Games Are Not Just Games
Why play games Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules...planning your next move...acting as a team member...these are all "game" ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas. These games can teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow in the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作).
Many children"s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. This game can sharpen the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much, which can encourage the people to a large degree.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. After all, games are not just games.Paragraph 5 ______.

答案： C[解析] 第五段主题句为第一句：Sports are also an event that unites people...

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Team Building Means More Than Throwing a Few People Together
"Team working" is found everywhere within just about every organization. You can"t get away from "teams" that are supposed to be able to create something that is much better than the simple sum of its parts. There are four measures that need to be taken before you can get the most out of a team.
There must be a clear reason for the team to exist. And the team members should commonly realize what they are going to achieve as a team. What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but at the same time tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and keep their motivation alive. What is more, they should also be well prepared for the possible difficulties they may come across in the process.
Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized. This is an important point so that the team can resolve some complex or thorny (棘手的) issues. For example, it may discuss a sensitive topic. Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share it with other employees This is an issue in itself that all the members should agree on and frank discussion is required.
It is easy to think that a junior team member may have less to contribute than more experienced ones. This is not only demoralizing (不民主的) or discouraging. It also makes no sense—people that have nothing to contribute should not have been selected for the team in the first place. Since they have become members of your team, you need to make sure that each of them has an opportunity to add his or her thoughts to discussions.
Most excellent teams are well organized by an outstanding leader. A good organizer should be able to play to individuals" strengths and help them overcome their weaknesses. It should be someone who can act as a promoter and a constant reminder of what the team needs to achieve. He must, above all, be skilled in sharing responsibility and setting tasks to others, coaching them to achieve tasks, and providing constructive feedback (反馈) on how the tasks went.A good leader should be able to ______.

答案： E[解析] 根据题干关键线索词a good leader可将原文定位至最后一段第二句话A good organizer ...

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Things to Know about the UK
From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It"s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraetton. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the UK is among the world"s best.
Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you"re one of these people, you"d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It"s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.
Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. While coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London"s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London"s underground is called the Tube. It"s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd"s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.Coaches in the UK are ______.

答案： A[解析] 根据题干关键线索词coaches，我们可以将原文定位至第三段第五句While coaches and bus...

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Even Intelligent People Can Fail
The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, search the web, jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone (手机). The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze (错综复杂) of wrong turns.
We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison"s success in heating a thin line to white hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, US. He did that on October 22, 1879 and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight (点亮着的) in an airless space for 45 hours. Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan, even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he tamed it on, on September 4, 1882.
"Many of life"s failures," the supreme innovator said, "are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up." Before that magical moment in October 1879, Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light, but in them only two cases did his experiments work.
No one likes failure, but the smart innovators learn from it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, attributes some of the company"s successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is "You only fail when you quit."
Over two centuries, the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence. That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US $1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.
Failure is harder to bear in today"s open accelerated world. Hardly any innovation works the first time. But an impatient society and the media want instant success. When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time, a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffen"s company) and the Titanic (the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music. Actually, it wasn"t. After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits (成功的作品) he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic to himself.The media demand that ______.

答案： E[解析] 根据体感线索词the media，我们可以将原文定位至第六段第三句话的后半句...and the media...

填空题

Customer "Delight"
In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer "delight" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business. According to a commercial research, people who get good service will tell up to 12 other people, while those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"—caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. "Many people do not like talking to machines," says Dr. Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them—the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券) as an unexpected "thank you" to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when there are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example, "I know how you must feel"), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case). For example, airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. There is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their names, job title and a "we are here to help" attitude.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.In order to delight customers, banks encourage their staff to ______.

答案： E[解析] 根据题干线索词banks可将原文定位至第三段倒数第二句Banks，for example, encourag...

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The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals(个人)should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is even more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. In one word, that graduates can contribute to the national economy doesn"t mean that they should get free higher education.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.It is worth celebrating if ______.

答案： A[解析] 根据题干线索词celebrating定位原文If that means taking teaching se...

填空题

Games Are Not Just Games
Why play games Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules...planning your next move...acting as a team member...these are all "game" ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas. These games can teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow in the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作).
Many children"s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. This game can sharpen the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much, which can encourage the people to a large degree.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. After all, games are not just games.Games like rope-jumping and hide-and-seek can teach children about ______.
A. hands and eyes
B. basketball
C. taking turns and cooperating
D. hands and feet
E. national pride
F. football

答案： C[解析] 根据题干线索词rope-jumping and hide-and-seek可将原文定位至第二段第一句和最后一...

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Things to Know about the UK
From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the UK is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It"s now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraetton. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the UK is among the world"s best.
Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you"re one of these people, you"d be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It"s certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the UK.
Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. While coaches and buses run on the same route, coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London"s famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers. But usually you need to give a call first. London"s underground is called the Tube. It"s very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.
The UK is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour. English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, fried eggs, black pudding, fried tomatoes, fried bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd"s pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.
Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends. Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.Fish and chips are ______.

答案： E[解析] 根据题干关键线索词fish and chips，我们可将原文定位至第四段第二句But you still n...

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Customer "Delight"
In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer "delight" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business. According to a commercial research, people who get good service will tell up to 12 other people, while those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"—caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. "Many people do not like talking to machines," says Dr. Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them—the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券) as an unexpected "thank you" to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when there are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example, "I know how you must feel"), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case). For example, airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. There is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their names, job title and a "we are here to help" attitude.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.A gift voucher is delivered to regular customers as ______.

答案： A[解析] 根据题干线索词A gift voucher可将原文定位至第四段倒数第二小句：throwing in a gi...

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The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals(个人)should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is even more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. In one word, that graduates can contribute to the national economy doesn"t mean that they should get free higher education.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.Both graduates and businesses contribute to ______.

答案： D[解析] 根据题干线索词Both graduates and businesses将原文定位至第四段第二句Many g...

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Games Are Not Just Games
Why play games Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules...planning your next move...acting as a team member...these are all "game" ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas. These games can teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow in the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作).
Many children"s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. This game can sharpen the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much, which can encourage the people to a large degree.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. After all, games are not just games.The game, bones, can practice the children"s coordination of ______.

答案： A[解析] 根据题干线索词bones可将原文定位至第三段最后一句：This game can sharpen the h...

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Customer "Delight"
In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer "delight" is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business. According to a commercial research, people who get good service will tell up to 12 other people, while those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"—caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. "Many people do not like talking to machines," says Dr. Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them—the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券) as an unexpected "thank you" to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when there are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example, "I know how you must feel"), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fairness suggests best meets the case). For example, airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. There is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their names, job title and a "we are here to help" attitude.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.British Airways staff are trained to answer quickly with ______.

答案： D[解析] 根据题干线索词British Airways可将原文定位至第五段最后一句：They are trained ...

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Games Are Not Just Games
Why play games Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules...planning your next move...acting as a team member...these are all "game" ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas. These games can teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow in the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作).
Many children"s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. This game can sharpen the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much, which can encourage the people to a large degree.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. After all, games are not just games.Olympic Games can stimulate people"s ______.

答案： E[解析] 根据题干线索词Olympic Games可将原文定位至第四段，这段的主题句为第一句：Many sports ...

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Gift Giving
There are many occasions(场合)for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies, such as birthdays, naming ceremonies, weddings, anniversaries, and New Year. It is common to give gifts on many of these celebrations in western cultures. In addition, special events, such as one"s first day of school or graduation from university, often require gift giving.
What is happening when we give gifts Most important, we are exchanging gifts. If someone gives me a gift for my birthday, I know that I am usually expected to give one on his or her next birthday. A gift builds up or confirms a social obligation (义务).
Gifts tighten personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones. People say that a gift lets the recipient (接受者) know we are thinking of them, and that we want to make the person "feel special". We want people to feel wanted, to feel part of our social or family group. We give presents to say "I"m sorry". Sometimes it is difficult for us to find a present that someone will like. Sometimes we give things that we like or would feel comfortable with. In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messages—often very expressive ones.
People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way. A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house. These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years. "I appreciate these, and they mean something to me," the woman said, "because I remember the occasions they were given on, and that they were from my mother, and the relationship we"ve had." The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind. This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others. She hoped that the recipients would look at her gifts in years to come.
Emotions (情感) like these suggest that a positive spirit still lies behind gift giving. They prove that the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that modern western gift giving is highly wasteful. Studies in Canada and elsewhere have also shown that this is not the case. Each gift is unique even if so many are given. The emotional benefit for those who exchange gifts is the very reason for the tradition to continue.Paragraph 2 ______.
A. Reason for continuing to give gift
B. Memories from gift giving
C. Moments and events for gift giving
D. Various functions of gift giving
E. Gift giving as a wasteful practice
F. Gift giving as a two-way social activity

答案： F[解析] 第二段主题句是第二句：Most important, we are exchanging gifts,更重要...

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Games Are Not Just Games
Why play games Because they are fun, and a lot more besides. Following the rules...planning your next move...acting as a team member...these are all "game" ideas that you will come across throughout your life.
Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas. These games can teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow in the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating(合作).
Many children"s games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. This game can sharpen the hand-eye coordination(协调)needed in hunting.
Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much, which can encourage the people to a large degree.
Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future.
Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. After all, games are not just games.The most popular sport around the world is ______.

答案： F[解析] 根据题干线索词the most popular sport将原文定位至第五段第二句：Soccer is th...

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Gift Giving
There are many occasions(场合)for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies, such as birthdays, naming ceremonies, weddings, anniversaries, and New Year. It is common to give gifts on many of these celebrations in western cultures. In addition, special events, such as one"s first day of school or graduation from university, often require gift giving.
What is happening when we give gifts Most important, we are exchanging gifts. If someone gives me a gift for my birthday, I know that I am usually expected to give one on his or her next birthday. A gift builds up or confirms a social obligation (义务).
Gifts tighten personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones. People say that a gift lets the recipient (接受者) know we are thinking of them, and that we want to make the person "feel special". We want people to feel wanted, to feel part of our social or family group. We give presents to say "I"m sorry". Sometimes it is difficult for us to find a present that someone will like. Sometimes we give things that we like or would feel comfortable with. In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messages—often very expressive ones.
People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way. A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house. These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years. "I appreciate these, and they mean something to me," the woman said, "because I remember the occasions they were given on, and that they were from my mother, and the relationship we"ve had." The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind. This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others. She hoped that the recipients would look at her gifts in years to come.
Emotions (情感) like these suggest that a positive spirit still lies behind gift giving. They prove that the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that modern western gift giving is highly wasteful. Studies in Canada and elsewhere have also shown that this is not the case. Each gift is unique even if so many are given. The emotional benefit for those who exchange gifts is the very reason for the tradition to continue.Paragraph 3 ______.

答案： D[解析] 第三段主题句为第一句：Gifts tighten personal relationships and pr...

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Gift Giving
There are many occasions(场合)for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies, such as birthdays, naming ceremonies, weddings, anniversaries, and New Year. It is common to give gifts on many of these celebrations in western cultures. In addition, special events, such as one"s first day of school or graduation from university, often require gift giving.
What is happening when we give gifts Most important, we are exchanging gifts. If someone gives me a gift for my birthday, I know that I am usually expected to give one on his or her next birthday. A gift builds up or confirms a social obligation (义务).
Gifts tighten personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones. People say that a gift lets the recipient (接受者) know we are thinking of them, and that we want to make the person "feel special". We want people to feel wanted, to feel part of our social or family group. We give presents to say "I"m sorry". Sometimes it is difficult for us to find a present that someone will like. Sometimes we give things that we like or would feel comfortable with. In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messages—often very expressive ones.
People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way. A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house. These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years. "I appreciate these, and they mean something to me," the woman said, "because I remember the occasions they were given on, and that they were from my mother, and the relationship we"ve had." The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind. This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others. She hoped that the recipients would look at her gifts in years to come.
Emotions (情感) like these suggest that a positive spirit still lies behind gift giving. They prove that the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that modern western gift giving is highly wasteful. Studies in Canada and elsewhere have also shown that this is not the case. Each gift is unique even if so many are given. The emotional benefit for those who exchange gifts is the very reason for the tradition to continue.Paragraph 4 ______.

答案： B[解析] 第四段第一句为主题句People tend to talk about presents in a fair...

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Gift Giving
There are many occasions(场合)for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies, such as birthdays, naming ceremonies, weddings, anniversaries, and New Year. It is common to give gifts on many of these celebrations in western cultures. In addition, special events, such as one"s first day of school or graduation from university, often require gift giving.
What is happening when we give gifts Most important, we are exchanging gifts. If someone gives me a gift for my birthday, I know that I am usually expected to give one on his or her next birthday. A gift builds up or confirms a social obligation (义务).
Gifts tighten personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones. People say that a gift lets the recipient (接受者) know we are thinking of them, and that we want to make the person "feel special". We want people to feel wanted, to feel part of our social or family group. We give presents to say "I"m sorry". Sometimes it is difficult for us to find a present that someone will like. Sometimes we give things that we like or would feel comfortable with. In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messages—often very expressive ones.
People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way. A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house. These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years. "I appreciate these, and they mean something to me," the woman said, "because I remember the occasions they were given on, and that they were from my mother, and the relationship we"ve had." The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind. This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others. She hoped that the recipients would look at her gifts in years to come.
Emotions (情感) like these suggest that a positive spirit still lies behind gift giving. They prove that the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that modern western gift giving is highly wasteful. Studies in Canada and elsewhere have also shown that this is not the case. Each gift is unique even if so many are given. The emotional benefit for those who exchange gifts is the very reason for the tradition to continue.Paragraph 5 ______.

答案： A[解析] 第五段主题句是最后一句：The emotional benefit for those who exchan...

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Gift Giving
There are many occasions(场合)for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies, such as birthdays, naming ceremonies, weddings, anniversaries, and New Year. It is common to give gifts on many of these celebrations in western cultures. In addition, special events, such as one"s first day of school or graduation from university, often require gift giving.
What is happening when we give gifts Most important, we are exchanging gifts. If someone gives me a gift for my birthday, I know that I am usually expected to give one on his or her next birthday. A gift builds up or confirms a social obligation (义务).
Gifts tighten personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones. People say that a gift lets the recipient (接受者) know we are thinking of them, and that we want to make the person "feel special". We want people to feel wanted, to feel part of our social or family group. We give presents to say "I"m sorry". Sometimes it is difficult for us to find a present that someone will like. Sometimes we give things that we like or would feel comfortable with. In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messages—often very expressive ones.
People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way. A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house. These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years. "I appreciate these, and they mean something to me," the woman said, "because I remember the occasions they were given on, and that they were from my mother, and the relationship we"ve had." The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind. This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others. She hoped that the recipients would look at her gifts in years to come.
Emotions (情感) like these suggest that a positive spirit still lies behind gift giving. They prove that the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that modern western gift giving is highly wasteful. Studies in Canada and elsewhere have also shown that this is not the case. Each gift is unique even if so many are given. The emotional benefit for those who exchange gifts is the very reason for the tradition to continue.Some special occasions like graduation from university also require ______.
A．look for a present that the receipts will like
B．give gifts to others
C．gift giving
D．the presents from her mother
E．people shouldn"t receive gifts from others
F．it is wasteful to exchange gifts in western world

答案： C[解析] 首先根据语法常识require后面需添加名词或动名词短语，可以排除选项A、B、E、F。然后根据题干线索词gr...

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Gift Giving
There are many occasions(场合)for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies, such as birthdays, naming ceremonies, weddings, anniversaries, and New Year. It is common to give gifts on many of these celebrations in western cultures. In addition, special events, such as one"s first day of school or graduation from university, often require gift giving.
What is happening when we give gifts Most important, we are exchanging gifts. If someone gives me a gift for my birthday, I know that I am usually expected to give one on his or her next birthday. A gift builds up or confirms a social obligation (义务).
Gifts tighten personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones. People say that a gift lets the recipient (接受者) know we are thinking of them, and that we want to make the person "feel special". We want people to feel wanted, to feel part of our social or family group. We give presents to say "I"m sorry". Sometimes it is difficult for us to find a present that someone will like. Sometimes we give things that we like or would feel comfortable with. In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messages—often very expressive ones.
People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way. A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house. These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years. "I appreciate these, and they mean something to me," the woman said, "because I remember the occasions they were given on, and that they were from my mother, and the relationship we"ve had." The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind. This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others. She hoped that the recipients would look at her gifts in years to come.
Emotions (情感) like these suggest that a positive spirit still lies behind gift giving. They prove that the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that modern western gift giving is highly wasteful. Studies in Canada and elsewhere have also shown that this is not the case. Each gift is unique even if so many are given. The emotional benefit for those who exchange gifts is the very reason for the tradition to continue.Sometimes it is difficult for people to ______.

答案： A[解析] 根据题干线索词difficult可将原文定位至第三段第五句：Sometimes it is difficul...

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Gift Giving
There are many occasions(场合)for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies, such as birthdays, naming ceremonies, weddings, anniversaries, and New Year. It is common to give gifts on many of these celebrations in western cultures. In addition, special events, such as one"s first day of school or graduation from university, often require gift giving.
What is happening when we give gifts Most important, we are exchanging gifts. If someone gives me a gift for my birthday, I know that I am usually expected to give one on his or her next birthday. A gift builds up or confirms a social obligation (义务).
Gifts tighten personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones. People say that a gift lets the recipient (接受者) know we are thinking of them, and that we want to make the person "feel special". We want people to feel wanted, to feel part of our social or family group. We give presents to say "I"m sorry". Sometimes it is difficult for us to find a present that someone will like. Sometimes we give things that we like or would feel comfortable with. In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messages—often very expressive ones.
People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way. A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house. These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years. "I appreciate these, and they mean something to me," the woman said, "because I remember the occasions they were given on, and that they were from my mother, and the relationship we"ve had." The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind. This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others. She hoped that the recipients would look at her gifts in years to come.
Emotions (情感) like these suggest that a positive spirit still lies behind gift giving. They prove that the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that modern western gift giving is highly wasteful. Studies in Canada and elsewhere have also shown that this is not the case. Each gift is unique even if so many are given. The emotional benefit for those who exchange gifts is the very reason for the tradition to continue.A woman whose mother had died years ago really appreciated ______.

答案： D[解析] 这里根据线索词A woman whose mother had died years ago可将原文定位至第...

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Gift Giving
There are many occasions(场合)for giving gifts in modern industrialized societies, such as birthdays, naming ceremonies, weddings, anniversaries, and New Year. It is common to give gifts on many of these celebrations in western cultures. In addition, special events, such as one"s first day of school or graduation from university, often require gift giving.
What is happening when we give gifts Most important, we are exchanging gifts. If someone gives me a gift for my birthday, I know that I am usually expected to give one on his or her next birthday. A gift builds up or confirms a social obligation (义务).
Gifts tighten personal relationships and provide a means of communication between loved ones. People say that a gift lets the recipient (接受者) know we are thinking of them, and that we want to make the person "feel special". We want people to feel wanted, to feel part of our social or family group. We give presents to say "I"m sorry". Sometimes it is difficult for us to find a present that someone will like. Sometimes we give things that we like or would feel comfortable with. In all these cases, the gifts are sending out messages—often very expressive ones.
People tend to talk about presents in a fairly loving way. A woman whose mother had died years ago described the many gifts around her house. These were gifts that her mother had given her over the years. "I appreciate these, and they mean something to me," the woman said, "because I remember the occasions they were given on, and that they were from my mother, and the relationship we"ve had." The gifts remain and keep the relationship alive in mind. This woman felt the same way about the gifts she gave to others. She hoped that the recipients would look at her gifts in years to come.
Emotions (情感) like these suggest that a positive spirit still lies behind gift giving. They prove that the anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that modern western gift giving is highly wasteful. Studies in Canada and elsewhere have also shown that this is not the case. Each gift is unique even if so many are given. The emotional benefit for those who exchange gifts is the very reason for the tradition to continue.Claude Levi-Strauss was wrong to say that______.

答案： F[解析] 根据题干线索词Claude Levi-Strauss将原文定位至最后一段第二句：They prove tha...

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