专业英语八级题库_大学英语题库

填空题

Some people imagine that the greatest problem in
translating is to find the right words and constructions in the
receptor or target language. On the contrary, the most difficult
task for the translator is to understand thoroughly the designative
and associative meanings of the word to be translated. This 1
involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the
syntactic relations, but also being sensitive with all the nuances 2
of the stylistic devices. For one struggling translator summed up 3
his problems, "If I really understood what the text means, I
could easily translate it."
Perhaps the less understood paradox of translating is the 4
general assumption that a person who knows two languages well
can be a good translator or interpreter. In first place, knowing 5
two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted
with the respective culture. Persons may be able to speak two 6
languages perfectly but not have the capacity to write well,
which means they can never become skilled translators.
Nevertheless, merely speaking two languages in a competent 7
manner does mean that persons can become first-rate 8
interpreters, whether in consecutive and simultaneous 9
circumstances. In addition to knowing a language, an interpreter
must have a quick mind to organize and formulate a response.
The test for potential interpreters at the Maurice Thorez Institute
in Moscow involves an assigning topic, one minute to prepare a 10
short speech on the topic, and one minute to speak.

答案： word→text，根据下文，此处需要理解的不只是单词，而是整个文本。

填空题

Since translating is a skill which generally requires
considerable practice, more people assume that it can be taught, 11
and to an extent this is true. But this is also true that really 12
exceptional translators are born, not made. Potential translators
might have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of 13
language, or they are not likely to be outstanding in their
profession. Perhaps the great benefit from instruction in 14
translating is to become aware of one"s own limitations.
For many people the need for human translators seems
paradoxical in this age of computers. Since modem computers
can be loaded with dictionaries and grammars, why should not 15
let computers do the work Computers can perform certain very
simple interlingual tasks, providing there is sufficient pre-editing
and post-editing. But neither advertising brochures and lyric 16
poetry can ever be reduced to the kind of logic required for
computer programs. Computer printouts of translations can often
be understood, if the persons involved already know what text is 17
supposed to say. But the results of machine translating are
usually in an unnatural form of language or sometimes just plain 18
weird. Furthermore, real improvements will not come from
merely doctoring the program or adding rules. The human brain
is not only digital and analogic, but it also has a built-in system
of values which gives them componentially incalculable 19
advantage over machines. Human translators will always be
necessary for any text which is stylistically appealing and
semantically complex—which include most of what is worth 20
communicating in another language.

答案： more→most/many，此处在上下文均无比较的参照物，意思应是“多数人、大部分人”。

填空题

We do not end conversations by simply walking away from
our listeners or by bluntly stopping our contribution to the
conversation. Conversations end through the use of unpredictable 21
transitions. Conversations more or less wound down step by step. 22
When participants believe that they have completed their last topic,
they prepare to exit and then do so. In many conversations, we
give off signals that the dialogue is about to end before it does.
These signals may come by the form of preclosing statements 23
such as I guess I"ll have to let you go, Let"s do lunch sometime ,
That"s about it , or OK. These comments tell the listener that the
speaker is about to stop talking. Benjamin thanks Alice at the
end of the phone call and she says OK, indicating that last topic 24
has been completed. They then end the conversation with a
mutual good-bye. Sometimes after ending a conversation, 25
acquaints will reassure each other that they will talk again to 26
reaffirm their relationship; that is, the break is not a permanent
one.
Scholars found that speakers had several conventional 27
strategies to end conversations. Some will summarize the
conversation; others express pleasure about the relationship,
plans for future conversations, or wish the listener well. These 28
closing strategies tend to follow a linear sequence.
People make the summary statements early in the closing
sequence and then do the well-wishing at the end of the sequence.
For such, the ending sequence and the reciprocal statements 29
among the participants produce a mutual conversational dance to 30
the end.

答案： unpredictable→predictable，结合上下文，这些过渡是可以预测的而非不可预测的。

填空题

Some people imagine that the greatest problem in
translating is to find the right words and constructions in the
receptor or target language. On the contrary, the most difficult
task for the translator is to understand thoroughly the designative
and associative meanings of the word to be translated. This 1
involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the
syntactic relations, but also being sensitive with all the nuances 2
of the stylistic devices. For one struggling translator summed up 3
his problems, "If I really understood what the text means, I
could easily translate it."
Perhaps the less understood paradox of translating is the 4
general assumption that a person who knows two languages well
can be a good translator or interpreter. In first place, knowing 5
two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted
with the respective culture. Persons may be able to speak two 6
languages perfectly but not have the capacity to write well,
which means they can never become skilled translators.
Nevertheless, merely speaking two languages in a competent 7
manner does mean that persons can become first-rate 8
interpreters, whether in consecutive and simultaneous 9
circumstances. In addition to knowing a language, an interpreter
must have a quick mind to organize and formulate a response.
The test for potential interpreters at the Maurice Thorez Institute
in Moscow involves an assigning topic, one minute to prepare a 10
short speech on the topic, and one minute to speak.

答案： with→to，be sensitive to是固定搭配，意为“对……敏感”。

填空题

Since translating is a skill which generally requires
considerable practice, more people assume that it can be taught, 11
and to an extent this is true. But this is also true that really 12
exceptional translators are born, not made. Potential translators
might have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of 13
language, or they are not likely to be outstanding in their
profession. Perhaps the great benefit from instruction in 14
translating is to become aware of one"s own limitations.
For many people the need for human translators seems
paradoxical in this age of computers. Since modem computers
can be loaded with dictionaries and grammars, why should not 15
let computers do the work Computers can perform certain very
simple interlingual tasks, providing there is sufficient pre-editing
and post-editing. But neither advertising brochures and lyric 16
poetry can ever be reduced to the kind of logic required for
computer programs. Computer printouts of translations can often
be understood, if the persons involved already know what text is 17
supposed to say. But the results of machine translating are
usually in an unnatural form of language or sometimes just plain 18
weird. Furthermore, real improvements will not come from
merely doctoring the program or adding rules. The human brain
is not only digital and analogic, but it also has a built-in system
of values which gives them componentially incalculable 19
advantage over machines. Human translators will always be
necessary for any text which is stylistically appealing and
semantically complex—which include most of what is worth 20
communicating in another language.

答案： this→it，此处应为形式主语it，意指that引导的从句。

填空题

We do not end conversations by simply walking away from
our listeners or by bluntly stopping our contribution to the
conversation. Conversations end through the use of unpredictable 21
transitions. Conversations more or less wound down step by step. 22
When participants believe that they have completed their last topic,
they prepare to exit and then do so. In many conversations, we
give off signals that the dialogue is about to end before it does.
These signals may come by the form of preclosing statements 23
such as I guess I"ll have to let you go, Let"s do lunch sometime ,
That"s about it , or OK. These comments tell the listener that the
speaker is about to stop talking. Benjamin thanks Alice at the
end of the phone call and she says OK, indicating that last topic 24
has been completed. They then end the conversation with a
mutual good-bye. Sometimes after ending a conversation, 25
acquaints will reassure each other that they will talk again to 26
reaffirm their relationship; that is, the break is not a permanent
one.
Scholars found that speakers had several conventional 27
strategies to end conversations. Some will summarize the
conversation; others express pleasure about the relationship,
plans for future conversations, or wish the listener well. These 28
closing strategies tend to follow a linear sequence.
People make the summary statements early in the closing
sequence and then do the well-wishing at the end of the sequence.
For such, the ending sequence and the reciprocal statements 29
among the participants produce a mutual conversational dance to 30
the end.

答案： wound→wind，wind down是固定搭配，意为“逐渐结束”。

填空题

Ultimate reality, declares that Marxism, is material, not 31
spiritual. What we know beyond any doubts is that human 32
beings exist and live in social groups. All of our actions and
responses to such activities like eating, working, and even 33
playing are related in some way to our culture and society. In
order to understand ourselves and our world, we must at first 34
acknowledge the interrelatedness of all our actions within
society. If, for example, we want to know who we are and how
we should live, we must stop trying to find answers by looking
solely to religion or philosophy and beginning by examining all 35
aspects of our daily activities within our own culture. Upon
examining our daily routines, including our beliefs and values,
we will discover that it is our cultural and our social
circumstances which determine who we are. What we believe, 36
what we value, and, in many ways, what we think is a direct 37
result of our culture and our society, not our religion or our
supposed philosophy of life.
When we examine our society, declares Marxism, we will
discover that its structure is built upon a series of ongoing
conflicts within social classes. The chief reason for these 38
conflicts is the varying ways the members of society work and
utilize its economic resources. According to Marx, the methods 39
of economic production and the social relationships they
engender form the economic structure of society is called the 40
base. In America, for example, the capitalists exploit the
working classes, determining for them their salaries and their
working conditions, among a host of other elements of their
lives.

答案： that删去，此处declares Marxism为倒装的插入语。

填空题

Some people imagine that the greatest problem in
translating is to find the right words and constructions in the
receptor or target language. On the contrary, the most difficult
task for the translator is to understand thoroughly the designative
and associative meanings of the word to be translated. This 1
involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the
syntactic relations, but also being sensitive with all the nuances 2
of the stylistic devices. For one struggling translator summed up 3
his problems, "If I really understood what the text means, I
could easily translate it."
Perhaps the less understood paradox of translating is the 4
general assumption that a person who knows two languages well
can be a good translator or interpreter. In first place, knowing 5
two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted
with the respective culture. Persons may be able to speak two 6
languages perfectly but not have the capacity to write well,
which means they can never become skilled translators.
Nevertheless, merely speaking two languages in a competent 7
manner does mean that persons can become first-rate 8
interpreters, whether in consecutive and simultaneous 9
circumstances. In addition to knowing a language, an interpreter
must have a quick mind to organize and formulate a response.
The test for potential interpreters at the Maurice Thorez Institute
in Moscow involves an assigning topic, one minute to prepare a 10
short speech on the topic, and one minute to speak.

答案： For→As，前者用于此处，语法和意思都不正确，此处意为“正如……”。

填空题

Since translating is a skill which generally requires
considerable practice, more people assume that it can be taught, 11
and to an extent this is true. But this is also true that really 12
exceptional translators are born, not made. Potential translators
might have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of 13
language, or they are not likely to be outstanding in their
profession. Perhaps the great benefit from instruction in 14
translating is to become aware of one"s own limitations.
For many people the need for human translators seems
paradoxical in this age of computers. Since modem computers
can be loaded with dictionaries and grammars, why should not 15
let computers do the work Computers can perform certain very
simple interlingual tasks, providing there is sufficient pre-editing
and post-editing. But neither advertising brochures and lyric 16
poetry can ever be reduced to the kind of logic required for
computer programs. Computer printouts of translations can often
be understood, if the persons involved already know what text is 17
supposed to say. But the results of machine translating are
usually in an unnatural form of language or sometimes just plain 18
weird. Furthermore, real improvements will not come from
merely doctoring the program or adding rules. The human brain
is not only digital and analogic, but it also has a built-in system
of values which gives them componentially incalculable 19
advantage over machines. Human translators will always be
necessary for any text which is stylistically appealing and
semantically complex—which include most of what is worth 20
communicating in another language.

答案： might→must，从上下文来看，此处是必要条件，而非“可以”或“可能”。

填空题

We do not end conversations by simply walking away from
our listeners or by bluntly stopping our contribution to the
conversation. Conversations end through the use of unpredictable 21
transitions. Conversations more or less wound down step by step. 22
When participants believe that they have completed their last topic,
they prepare to exit and then do so. In many conversations, we
give off signals that the dialogue is about to end before it does.
These signals may come by the form of preclosing statements 23
such as I guess I"ll have to let you go, Let"s do lunch sometime ,
That"s about it , or OK. These comments tell the listener that the
speaker is about to stop talking. Benjamin thanks Alice at the
end of the phone call and she says OK, indicating that last topic 24
has been completed. They then end the conversation with a
mutual good-bye. Sometimes after ending a conversation, 25
acquaints will reassure each other that they will talk again to 26
reaffirm their relationship; that is, the break is not a permanent
one.
Scholars found that speakers had several conventional 27
strategies to end conversations. Some will summarize the
conversation; others express pleasure about the relationship,
plans for future conversations, or wish the listener well. These 28
closing strategies tend to follow a linear sequence.
People make the summary statements early in the closing
sequence and then do the well-wishing at the end of the sequence.
For such, the ending sequence and the reciprocal statements 29
among the participants produce a mutual conversational dance to 30
the end.

答案： by→in，“以……形式”通常用in而非by。

填空题

Ultimate reality, declares that Marxism, is material, not 31
spiritual. What we know beyond any doubts is that human 32
beings exist and live in social groups. All of our actions and
responses to such activities like eating, working, and even 33
playing are related in some way to our culture and society. In
order to understand ourselves and our world, we must at first 34
acknowledge the interrelatedness of all our actions within
society. If, for example, we want to know who we are and how
we should live, we must stop trying to find answers by looking
solely to religion or philosophy and beginning by examining all 35
aspects of our daily activities within our own culture. Upon
examining our daily routines, including our beliefs and values,
we will discover that it is our cultural and our social
circumstances which determine who we are. What we believe, 36
what we value, and, in many ways, what we think is a direct 37
result of our culture and our society, not our religion or our
supposed philosophy of life.
When we examine our society, declares Marxism, we will
discover that its structure is built upon a series of ongoing
conflicts within social classes. The chief reason for these 38
conflicts is the varying ways the members of society work and
utilize its economic resources. According to Marx, the methods 39
of economic production and the social relationships they
engender form the economic structure of society is called the 40
base. In America, for example, the capitalists exploit the
working classes, determining for them their salaries and their
working conditions, among a host of other elements of their
lives.

答案： doubts→doubt，beyond(any)doubt为固定搭配，意为“毫无疑问”。

填空题

Some people imagine that the greatest problem in
translating is to find the right words and constructions in the
receptor or target language. On the contrary, the most difficult
task for the translator is to understand thoroughly the designative
and associative meanings of the word to be translated. This 1
involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the
syntactic relations, but also being sensitive with all the nuances 2
of the stylistic devices. For one struggling translator summed up 3
his problems, "If I really understood what the text means, I
could easily translate it."
Perhaps the less understood paradox of translating is the 4
general assumption that a person who knows two languages well
can be a good translator or interpreter. In first place, knowing 5
two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted
with the respective culture. Persons may be able to speak two 6
languages perfectly but not have the capacity to write well,
which means they can never become skilled translators.
Nevertheless, merely speaking two languages in a competent 7
manner does mean that persons can become first-rate 8
interpreters, whether in consecutive and simultaneous 9
circumstances. In addition to knowing a language, an interpreter
must have a quick mind to organize and formulate a response.
The test for potential interpreters at the Maurice Thorez Institute
in Moscow involves an assigning topic, one minute to prepare a 10
short speech on the topic, and one minute to speak.

答案： less→least，上下文表明此处意为“最少为人知的是”。

填空题

Since translating is a skill which generally requires
considerable practice, more people assume that it can be taught, 11
and to an extent this is true. But this is also true that really 12
exceptional translators are born, not made. Potential translators
might have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of 13
language, or they are not likely to be outstanding in their
profession. Perhaps the great benefit from instruction in 14
translating is to become aware of one"s own limitations.
For many people the need for human translators seems
paradoxical in this age of computers. Since modem computers
can be loaded with dictionaries and grammars, why should not 15
let computers do the work Computers can perform certain very
simple interlingual tasks, providing there is sufficient pre-editing
and post-editing. But neither advertising brochures and lyric 16
poetry can ever be reduced to the kind of logic required for
computer programs. Computer printouts of translations can often
be understood, if the persons involved already know what text is 17
supposed to say. But the results of machine translating are
usually in an unnatural form of language or sometimes just plain 18
weird. Furthermore, real improvements will not come from
merely doctoring the program or adding rules. The human brain
is not only digital and analogic, but it also has a built-in system
of values which gives them componentially incalculable 19
advantage over machines. Human translators will always be
necessary for any text which is stylistically appealing and
semantically complex—which include most of what is worth 20
communicating in another language.

答案： great→greatest，从上下文语义走向以及常识来看，此处应为最高级。

填空题

We do not end conversations by simply walking away from
our listeners or by bluntly stopping our contribution to the
conversation. Conversations end through the use of unpredictable 21
transitions. Conversations more or less wound down step by step. 22
When participants believe that they have completed their last topic,
they prepare to exit and then do so. In many conversations, we
give off signals that the dialogue is about to end before it does.
These signals may come by the form of preclosing statements 23
such as I guess I"ll have to let you go, Let"s do lunch sometime ,
That"s about it , or OK. These comments tell the listener that the
speaker is about to stop talking. Benjamin thanks Alice at the
end of the phone call and she says OK, indicating that last topic 24
has been completed. They then end the conversation with a
mutual good-bye. Sometimes after ending a conversation, 25
acquaints will reassure each other that they will talk again to 26
reaffirm their relationship; that is, the break is not a permanent
one.
Scholars found that speakers had several conventional 27
strategies to end conversations. Some will summarize the
conversation; others express pleasure about the relationship,
plans for future conversations, or wish the listener well. These 28
closing strategies tend to follow a linear sequence.
People make the summary statements early in the closing
sequence and then do the well-wishing at the end of the sequence.
For such, the ending sequence and the reciprocal statements 29
among the participants produce a mutual conversational dance to 30
the end.

答案： ∧last→the，last意为“上一个”，而the last意为“最后一个”，结合上下文此处应取后者。

填空题

Ultimate reality, declares that Marxism, is material, not 31
spiritual. What we know beyond any doubts is that human 32
beings exist and live in social groups. All of our actions and
responses to such activities like eating, working, and even 33
playing are related in some way to our culture and society. In
order to understand ourselves and our world, we must at first 34
acknowledge the interrelatedness of all our actions within
society. If, for example, we want to know who we are and how
we should live, we must stop trying to find answers by looking
solely to religion or philosophy and beginning by examining all 35
aspects of our daily activities within our own culture. Upon
examining our daily routines, including our beliefs and values,
we will discover that it is our cultural and our social
circumstances which determine who we are. What we believe, 36
what we value, and, in many ways, what we think is a direct 37
result of our culture and our society, not our religion or our
supposed philosophy of life.
When we examine our society, declares Marxism, we will
discover that its structure is built upon a series of ongoing
conflicts within social classes. The chief reason for these 38
conflicts is the varying ways the members of society work and
utilize its economic resources. According to Marx, the methods 39
of economic production and the social relationships they
engender form the economic structure of society is called the 40
base. In America, for example, the capitalists exploit the
working classes, determining for them their salaries and their
working conditions, among a host of other elements of their
lives.

答案： like→as，such...as...为固定搭配。

填空题

Some people imagine that the greatest problem in
translating is to find the right words and constructions in the
receptor or target language. On the contrary, the most difficult
task for the translator is to understand thoroughly the designative
and associative meanings of the word to be translated. This 1
involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the
syntactic relations, but also being sensitive with all the nuances 2
of the stylistic devices. For one struggling translator summed up 3
his problems, "If I really understood what the text means, I
could easily translate it."
Perhaps the less understood paradox of translating is the 4
general assumption that a person who knows two languages well
can be a good translator or interpreter. In first place, knowing 5
two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted
with the respective culture. Persons may be able to speak two 6
languages perfectly but not have the capacity to write well,
which means they can never become skilled translators.
Nevertheless, merely speaking two languages in a competent 7
manner does mean that persons can become first-rate 8
interpreters, whether in consecutive and simultaneous 9
circumstances. In addition to knowing a language, an interpreter
must have a quick mind to organize and formulate a response.
The test for potential interpreters at the Maurice Thorez Institute
in Moscow involves an assigning topic, one minute to prepare a 10
short speech on the topic, and one minute to speak.

答案： ∧the，in the first place意为“首先，一开始”，固定搭配。

填空题

Since translating is a skill which generally requires
considerable practice, more people assume that it can be taught, 11
and to an extent this is true. But this is also true that really 12
exceptional translators are born, not made. Potential translators
might have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of 13
language, or they are not likely to be outstanding in their
profession. Perhaps the great benefit from instruction in 14
translating is to become aware of one"s own limitations.
For many people the need for human translators seems
paradoxical in this age of computers. Since modem computers
can be loaded with dictionaries and grammars, why should not 15
let computers do the work Computers can perform certain very
simple interlingual tasks, providing there is sufficient pre-editing
and post-editing. But neither advertising brochures and lyric 16
poetry can ever be reduced to the kind of logic required for
computer programs. Computer printouts of translations can often
be understood, if the persons involved already know what text is 17
supposed to say. But the results of machine translating are
usually in an unnatural form of language or sometimes just plain 18
weird. Furthermore, real improvements will not come from
merely doctoring the program or adding rules. The human brain
is not only digital and analogic, but it also has a built-in system
of values which gives them componentially incalculable 19
advantage over machines. Human translators will always be
necessary for any text which is stylistically appealing and
semantically complex—which include most of what is worth 20
communicating in another language.

答案： should删去，why not意为“何不”，无“why should not”的用法。

填空题

We do not end conversations by simply walking away from
our listeners or by bluntly stopping our contribution to the
conversation. Conversations end through the use of unpredictable 21
transitions. Conversations more or less wound down step by step. 22
When participants believe that they have completed their last topic,
they prepare to exit and then do so. In many conversations, we
give off signals that the dialogue is about to end before it does.
These signals may come by the form of preclosing statements 23
such as I guess I"ll have to let you go, Let"s do lunch sometime ,
That"s about it , or OK. These comments tell the listener that the
speaker is about to stop talking. Benjamin thanks Alice at the
end of the phone call and she says OK, indicating that last topic 24
has been completed. They then end the conversation with a
mutual good-bye. Sometimes after ending a conversation, 25
acquaints will reassure each other that they will talk again to 26
reaffirm their relationship; that is, the break is not a permanent
one.
Scholars found that speakers had several conventional 27
strategies to end conversations. Some will summarize the
conversation; others express pleasure about the relationship,
plans for future conversations, or wish the listener well. These 28
closing strategies tend to follow a linear sequence.
People make the summary statements early in the closing
sequence and then do the well-wishing at the end of the sequence.
For such, the ending sequence and the reciprocal statements 29
among the participants produce a mutual conversational dance to 30
the end.

答案： after→before，结合上下文，此处应为“在对话结束前”。

填空题

Some people imagine that the greatest problem in
translating is to find the right words and constructions in the
receptor or target language. On the contrary, the most difficult
task for the translator is to understand thoroughly the designative
and associative meanings of the word to be translated. This 1
involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the
syntactic relations, but also being sensitive with all the nuances 2
of the stylistic devices. For one struggling translator summed up 3
his problems, "If I really understood what the text means, I
could easily translate it."
Perhaps the less understood paradox of translating is the 4
general assumption that a person who knows two languages well
can be a good translator or interpreter. In first place, knowing 5
two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted
with the respective culture. Persons may be able to speak two 6
languages perfectly but not have the capacity to write well,
which means they can never become skilled translators.
Nevertheless, merely speaking two languages in a competent 7
manner does mean that persons can become first-rate 8
interpreters, whether in consecutive and simultaneous 9
circumstances. In addition to knowing a language, an interpreter
must have a quick mind to organize and formulate a response.
The test for potential interpreters at the Maurice Thorez Institute
in Moscow involves an assigning topic, one minute to prepare a 10
short speech on the topic, and one minute to speak.

答案： culture→cultures，此处指两种文化，应为复数。

填空题

Since translating is a skill which generally requires
considerable practice, more people assume that it can be taught, 11
and to an extent this is true. But this is also true that really 12
exceptional translators are born, not made. Potential translators
might have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of 13
language, or they are not likely to be outstanding in their
profession. Perhaps the great benefit from instruction in 14
translating is to become aware of one"s own limitations.
For many people the need for human translators seems
paradoxical in this age of computers. Since modem computers
can be loaded with dictionaries and grammars, why should not 15
let computers do the work Computers can perform certain very
simple interlingual tasks, providing there is sufficient pre-editing
and post-editing. But neither advertising brochures and lyric 16
poetry can ever be reduced to the kind of logic required for
computer programs. Computer printouts of translations can often
be understood, if the persons involved already know what text is 17
supposed to say. But the results of machine translating are
usually in an unnatural form of language or sometimes just plain 18
weird. Furthermore, real improvements will not come from
merely doctoring the program or adding rules. The human brain
is not only digital and analogic, but it also has a built-in system
of values which gives them componentially incalculable 19
advantage over machines. Human translators will always be
necessary for any text which is stylistically appealing and
semantically complex—which include most of what is worth 20
communicating in another language.

答案： and→nor，neither...nor...固定搭配。

填空题

Ultimate reality, declares that Marxism, is material, not 31
spiritual. What we know beyond any doubts is that human 32
beings exist and live in social groups. All of our actions and
responses to such activities like eating, working, and even 33
playing are related in some way to our culture and society. In
order to understand ourselves and our world, we must at first 34
acknowledge the interrelatedness of all our actions within
society. If, for example, we want to know who we are and how
we should live, we must stop trying to find answers by looking
solely to religion or philosophy and beginning by examining all 35
aspects of our daily activities within our own culture. Upon
examining our daily routines, including our beliefs and values,
we will discover that it is our cultural and our social
circumstances which determine who we are. What we believe, 36
what we value, and, in many ways, what we think is a direct 37
result of our culture and our society, not our religion or our
supposed philosophy of life.
When we examine our society, declares Marxism, we will
discover that its structure is built upon a series of ongoing
conflicts within social classes. The chief reason for these 38
conflicts is the varying ways the members of society work and
utilize its economic resources. According to Marx, the methods 39
of economic production and the social relationships they
engender form the economic structure of society is called the 40
base. In America, for example, the capitalists exploit the
working classes, determining for them their salaries and their
working conditions, among a host of other elements of their
lives.

答案： at删去，at first意为“开始、起初”，但此处应为“首先”之意。

填空题

We do not end conversations by simply walking away from
our listeners or by bluntly stopping our contribution to the
conversation. Conversations end through the use of unpredictable 21
transitions. Conversations more or less wound down step by step. 22
When participants believe that they have completed their last topic,
they prepare to exit and then do so. In many conversations, we
give off signals that the dialogue is about to end before it does.
These signals may come by the form of preclosing statements 23
such as I guess I"ll have to let you go, Let"s do lunch sometime ,
That"s about it , or OK. These comments tell the listener that the
speaker is about to stop talking. Benjamin thanks Alice at the
end of the phone call and she says OK, indicating that last topic 24
has been completed. They then end the conversation with a
mutual good-bye. Sometimes after ending a conversation, 25
acquaints will reassure each other that they will talk again to 26
reaffirm their relationship; that is, the break is not a permanent
one.
Scholars found that speakers had several conventional 27
strategies to end conversations. Some will summarize the
conversation; others express pleasure about the relationship,
plans for future conversations, or wish the listener well. These 28
closing strategies tend to follow a linear sequence.
People make the summary statements early in the closing
sequence and then do the well-wishing at the end of the sequence.
For such, the ending sequence and the reciprocal statements 29
among the participants produce a mutual conversational dance to 30
the end.

答案： acquaints→acquaintances，acquaint为动词，acquaintance才是此处所指的“熟人”。

填空题

Some people imagine that the greatest problem in
translating is to find the right words and constructions in the
receptor or target language. On the contrary, the most difficult
task for the translator is to understand thoroughly the designative
and associative meanings of the word to be translated. This 1
involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the
syntactic relations, but also being sensitive with all the nuances 2
of the stylistic devices. For one struggling translator summed up 3
his problems, "If I really understood what the text means, I
could easily translate it."
Perhaps the less understood paradox of translating is the 4
general assumption that a person who knows two languages well
can be a good translator or interpreter. In first place, knowing 5
two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted
with the respective culture. Persons may be able to speak two 6
languages perfectly but not have the capacity to write well,
which means they can never become skilled translators.
Nevertheless, merely speaking two languages in a competent 7
manner does mean that persons can become first-rate 8
interpreters, whether in consecutive and simultaneous 9
circumstances. In addition to knowing a language, an interpreter
must have a quick mind to organize and formulate a response.
The test for potential interpreters at the Maurice Thorez Institute
in Moscow involves an assigning topic, one minute to prepare a 10
short speech on the topic, and one minute to speak.

答案： Nevertheless→Moreover，此处下文为上文之递进而非转折。

填空题

Since translating is a skill which generally requires
considerable practice, more people assume that it can be taught, 11
and to an extent this is true. But this is also true that really 12
exceptional translators are born, not made. Potential translators
might have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of 13
language, or they are not likely to be outstanding in their
profession. Perhaps the great benefit from instruction in 14
translating is to become aware of one"s own limitations.
For many people the need for human translators seems
paradoxical in this age of computers. Since modem computers
can be loaded with dictionaries and grammars, why should not 15
let computers do the work Computers can perform certain very
simple interlingual tasks, providing there is sufficient pre-editing
and post-editing. But neither advertising brochures and lyric 16
poetry can ever be reduced to the kind of logic required for
computer programs. Computer printouts of translations can often
be understood, if the persons involved already know what text is 17
supposed to say. But the results of machine translating are
usually in an unnatural form of language or sometimes just plain 18
weird. Furthermore, real improvements will not come from
merely doctoring the program or adding rules. The human brain
is not only digital and analogic, but it also has a built-in system
of values which gives them componentially incalculable 19
advantage over machines. Human translators will always be
necessary for any text which is stylistically appealing and
semantically complex—which include most of what is worth 20
communicating in another language.

答案： ∧text→the，此处text有确指，即上文提及的所翻译的文字。

填空题

Ultimate reality, declares that Marxism, is material, not 31
spiritual. What we know beyond any doubts is that human 32
beings exist and live in social groups. All of our actions and
responses to such activities like eating, working, and even 33
playing are related in some way to our culture and society. In
order to understand ourselves and our world, we must at first 34
acknowledge the interrelatedness of all our actions within
society. If, for example, we want to know who we are and how
we should live, we must stop trying to find answers by looking
solely to religion or philosophy and beginning by examining all 35
aspects of our daily activities within our own culture. Upon
examining our daily routines, including our beliefs and values,
we will discover that it is our cultural and our social
circumstances which determine who we are. What we believe, 36
what we value, and, in many ways, what we think is a direct 37
result of our culture and our society, not our religion or our
supposed philosophy of life.
When we examine our society, declares Marxism, we will
discover that its structure is built upon a series of ongoing
conflicts within social classes. The chief reason for these 38
conflicts is the varying ways the members of society work and
utilize its economic resources. According to Marx, the methods 39
of economic production and the social relationships they
engender form the economic structure of society is called the 40
base. In America, for example, the capitalists exploit the
working classes, determining for them their salaries and their
working conditions, among a host of other elements of their
lives.

答案： beginning→begin，结合文意，此处应与stop并列，为动词原形。

填空题

We do not end conversations by simply walking away from
our listeners or by bluntly stopping our contribution to the
conversation. Conversations end through the use of unpredictable 21
transitions. Conversations more or less wound down step by step. 22
When participants believe that they have completed their last topic,
they prepare to exit and then do so. In many conversations, we
give off signals that the dialogue is about to end before it does.
These signals may come by the form of preclosing statements 23
such as I guess I"ll have to let you go, Let"s do lunch sometime ,
That"s about it , or OK. These comments tell the listener that the
speaker is about to stop talking. Benjamin thanks Alice at the
end of the phone call and she says OK, indicating that last topic 24
has been completed. They then end the conversation with a
mutual good-bye. Sometimes after ending a conversation, 25
acquaints will reassure each other that they will talk again to 26
reaffirm their relationship; that is, the break is not a permanent
one.
Scholars found that speakers had several conventional 27
strategies to end conversations. Some will summarize the
conversation; others express pleasure about the relationship,
plans for future conversations, or wish the listener well. These 28
closing strategies tend to follow a linear sequence.
People make the summary statements early in the closing
sequence and then do the well-wishing at the end of the sequence.
For such, the ending sequence and the reciprocal statements 29
among the participants produce a mutual conversational dance to 30
the end.

答案： had→have，此处表学者所发现的事实，应为一般现在时。

填空题

Since translating is a skill which generally requires
considerable practice, more people assume that it can be taught, 11
and to an extent this is true. But this is also true that really 12
exceptional translators are born, not made. Potential translators
might have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of 13
language, or they are not likely to be outstanding in their
profession. Perhaps the great benefit from instruction in 14
translating is to become aware of one"s own limitations.
For many people the need for human translators seems
paradoxical in this age of computers. Since modem computers
can be loaded with dictionaries and grammars, why should not 15
let computers do the work Computers can perform certain very
simple interlingual tasks, providing there is sufficient pre-editing
and post-editing. But neither advertising brochures and lyric 16
poetry can ever be reduced to the kind of logic required for
computer programs. Computer printouts of translations can often
be understood, if the persons involved already know what text is 17
supposed to say. But the results of machine translating are
usually in an unnatural form of language or sometimes just plain 18
weird. Furthermore, real improvements will not come from
merely doctoring the program or adding rules. The human brain
is not only digital and analogic, but it also has a built-in system
of values which gives them componentially incalculable 19
advantage over machines. Human translators will always be
necessary for any text which is stylistically appealing and
semantically complex—which include most of what is worth 20
communicating in another language.

答案： or→and，此处语义有递进。

填空题

Some people imagine that the greatest problem in
translating is to find the right words and constructions in the
receptor or target language. On the contrary, the most difficult
task for the translator is to understand thoroughly the designative
and associative meanings of the word to be translated. This 1
involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the
syntactic relations, but also being sensitive with all the nuances 2
of the stylistic devices. For one struggling translator summed up 3
his problems, "If I really understood what the text means, I
could easily translate it."
Perhaps the less understood paradox of translating is the 4
general assumption that a person who knows two languages well
can be a good translator or interpreter. In first place, knowing 5
two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted
with the respective culture. Persons may be able to speak two 6
languages perfectly but not have the capacity to write well,
which means they can never become skilled translators.
Nevertheless, merely speaking two languages in a competent 7
manner does mean that persons can become first-rate 8
interpreters, whether in consecutive and simultaneous 9
circumstances. In addition to knowing a language, an interpreter
must have a quick mind to organize and formulate a response.
The test for potential interpreters at the Maurice Thorez Institute
in Moscow involves an assigning topic, one minute to prepare a 10
short speech on the topic, and one minute to speak.

答案： ∧mean→not，同上题，从上下文判断，是“并不意味着可以成为一流译员”。

填空题

Ultimate reality, declares that Marxism, is material, not 31
spiritual. What we know beyond any doubts is that human 32
beings exist and live in social groups. All of our actions and
responses to such activities like eating, working, and even 33
playing are related in some way to our culture and society. In
order to understand ourselves and our world, we must at first 34
acknowledge the interrelatedness of all our actions within
society. If, for example, we want to know who we are and how
we should live, we must stop trying to find answers by looking
solely to religion or philosophy and beginning by examining all 35
aspects of our daily activities within our own culture. Upon
examining our daily routines, including our beliefs and values,
we will discover that it is our cultural and our social
circumstances which determine who we are. What we believe, 36
what we value, and, in many ways, what we think is a direct 37
result of our culture and our society, not our religion or our
supposed philosophy of life.
When we examine our society, declares Marxism, we will
discover that its structure is built upon a series of ongoing
conflicts within social classes. The chief reason for these 38
conflicts is the varying ways the members of society work and
utilize its economic resources. According to Marx, the methods 39
of economic production and the social relationships they
engender form the economic structure of society is called the 40
base. In America, for example, the capitalists exploit the
working classes, determining for them their salaries and their
working conditions, among a host of other elements of their
lives.

答案： which→that，强调句，用that连接其他非强调部分。

填空题

We do not end conversations by simply walking away from
our listeners or by bluntly stopping our contribution to the
conversation. Conversations end through the use of unpredictable 21
transitions. Conversations more or less wound down step by step. 22
When participants believe that they have completed their last topic,
they prepare to exit and then do so. In many conversations, we
give off signals that the dialogue is about to end before it does.
These signals may come by the form of preclosing statements 23
such as I guess I"ll have to let you go, Let"s do lunch sometime ,
That"s about it , or OK. These comments tell the listener that the
speaker is about to stop talking. Benjamin thanks Alice at the
end of the phone call and she says OK, indicating that last topic 24
has been completed. They then end the conversation with a
mutual good-bye. Sometimes after ending a conversation, 25
acquaints will reassure each other that they will talk again to 26
reaffirm their relationship; that is, the break is not a permanent
one.
Scholars found that speakers had several conventional 27
strategies to end conversations. Some will summarize the
conversation; others express pleasure about the relationship,
plans for future conversations, or wish the listener well. These 28
closing strategies tend to follow a linear sequence.
People make the summary statements early in the closing
sequence and then do the well-wishing at the end of the sequence.
For such, the ending sequence and the reciprocal statements 29
among the participants produce a mutual conversational dance to 30
the end.

答案： plans→plan，此处应为动词一般现在时，而非名词复数或动词第三人称单数。

填空题

Some people imagine that the greatest problem in
translating is to find the right words and constructions in the
receptor or target language. On the contrary, the most difficult
task for the translator is to understand thoroughly the designative
and associative meanings of the word to be translated. This 1
involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the
syntactic relations, but also being sensitive with all the nuances 2
of the stylistic devices. For one struggling translator summed up 3
his problems, "If I really understood what the text means, I
could easily translate it."
Perhaps the less understood paradox of translating is the 4
general assumption that a person who knows two languages well
can be a good translator or interpreter. In first place, knowing 5
two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted
with the respective culture. Persons may be able to speak two 6
languages perfectly but not have the capacity to write well,
which means they can never become skilled translators.
Nevertheless, merely speaking two languages in a competent 7
manner does mean that persons can become first-rate 8
interpreters, whether in consecutive and simultaneous 9
circumstances. In addition to knowing a language, an interpreter
must have a quick mind to organize and formulate a response.
The test for potential interpreters at the Maurice Thorez Institute
in Moscow involves an assigning topic, one minute to prepare a 10
short speech on the topic, and one minute to speak.

答案： and→or，“无论是……还是……”whether后用or。

填空题

Ultimate reality, declares that Marxism, is material, not 31
spiritual. What we know beyond any doubts is that human 32
beings exist and live in social groups. All of our actions and
responses to such activities like eating, working, and even 33
playing are related in some way to our culture and society. In
order to understand ourselves and our world, we must at first 34
acknowledge the interrelatedness of all our actions within
society. If, for example, we want to know who we are and how
we should live, we must stop trying to find answers by looking
solely to religion or philosophy and beginning by examining all 35
aspects of our daily activities within our own culture. Upon
examining our daily routines, including our beliefs and values,
we will discover that it is our cultural and our social
circumstances which determine who we are. What we believe, 36
what we value, and, in many ways, what we think is a direct 37
result of our culture and our society, not our religion or our
supposed philosophy of life.
When we examine our society, declares Marxism, we will
discover that its structure is built upon a series of ongoing
conflicts within social classes. The chief reason for these 38
conflicts is the varying ways the members of society work and
utilize its economic resources. According to Marx, the methods 39
of economic production and the social relationships they
engender form the economic structure of society is called the 40
base. In America, for example, the capitalists exploit the
working classes, determining for them their salaries and their
working conditions, among a host of other elements of their
lives.

答案： is→are，前有三个并列主语，应为复数。

填空题

Since translating is a skill which generally requires
considerable practice, more people assume that it can be taught, 11
and to an extent this is true. But this is also true that really 12
exceptional translators are born, not made. Potential translators
might have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of 13
language, or they are not likely to be outstanding in their
profession. Perhaps the great benefit from instruction in 14
translating is to become aware of one"s own limitations.
For many people the need for human translators seems
paradoxical in this age of computers. Since modem computers
can be loaded with dictionaries and grammars, why should not 15
let computers do the work Computers can perform certain very
simple interlingual tasks, providing there is sufficient pre-editing
and post-editing. But neither advertising brochures and lyric 16
poetry can ever be reduced to the kind of logic required for
computer programs. Computer printouts of translations can often
be understood, if the persons involved already know what text is 17
supposed to say. But the results of machine translating are
usually in an unnatural form of language or sometimes just plain 18
weird. Furthermore, real improvements will not come from
merely doctoring the program or adding rules. The human brain
is not only digital and analogic, but it also has a built-in system
of values which gives them componentially incalculable 19
advantage over machines. Human translators will always be
necessary for any text which is stylistically appealing and
semantically complex—which include most of what is worth 20
communicating in another language.

答案： them→it，此处指代的是上文中的人脑，为单数。

填空题

We do not end conversations by simply walking away from
our listeners or by bluntly stopping our contribution to the
conversation. Conversations end through the use of unpredictable 21
transitions. Conversations more or less wound down step by step. 22
When participants believe that they have completed their last topic,
they prepare to exit and then do so. In many conversations, we
give off signals that the dialogue is about to end before it does.
These signals may come by the form of preclosing statements 23
such as I guess I"ll have to let you go, Let"s do lunch sometime ,
That"s about it , or OK. These comments tell the listener that the
speaker is about to stop talking. Benjamin thanks Alice at the
end of the phone call and she says OK, indicating that last topic 24
has been completed. They then end the conversation with a
mutual good-bye. Sometimes after ending a conversation, 25
acquaints will reassure each other that they will talk again to 26
reaffirm their relationship; that is, the break is not a permanent
one.
Scholars found that speakers had several conventional 27
strategies to end conversations. Some will summarize the
conversation; others express pleasure about the relationship,
plans for future conversations, or wish the listener well. These 28
closing strategies tend to follow a linear sequence.
People make the summary statements early in the closing
sequence and then do the well-wishing at the end of the sequence.
For such, the ending sequence and the reciprocal statements 29
among the participants produce a mutual conversational dance to 30
the end.

答案： For→As，as such是固定搭配，意为“像这样的情况”。

填空题

Ultimate reality, declares that Marxism, is material, not 31
spiritual. What we know beyond any doubts is that human 32
beings exist and live in social groups. All of our actions and
responses to such activities like eating, working, and even 33
playing are related in some way to our culture and society. In
order to understand ourselves and our world, we must at first 34
acknowledge the interrelatedness of all our actions within
society. If, for example, we want to know who we are and how
we should live, we must stop trying to find answers by looking
solely to religion or philosophy and beginning by examining all 35
aspects of our daily activities within our own culture. Upon
examining our daily routines, including our beliefs and values,
we will discover that it is our cultural and our social
circumstances which determine who we are. What we believe, 36
what we value, and, in many ways, what we think is a direct 37
result of our culture and our society, not our religion or our
supposed philosophy of life.
When we examine our society, declares Marxism, we will
discover that its structure is built upon a series of ongoing
conflicts within social classes. The chief reason for these 38
conflicts is the varying ways the members of society work and
utilize its economic resources. According to Marx, the methods 39
of economic production and the social relationships they
engender form the economic structure of society is called the 40
base. In America, for example, the capitalists exploit the
working classes, determining for them their salaries and their
working conditions, among a host of other elements of their
lives.

答案： within→between，结合上下文，此处矛盾应是处于不同阶级之间而非各个阶级本身的。

填空题

Some people imagine that the greatest problem in
translating is to find the right words and constructions in the
receptor or target language. On the contrary, the most difficult
task for the translator is to understand thoroughly the designative
and associative meanings of the word to be translated. This 1
involves not only knowing the meanings of the words and the
syntactic relations, but also being sensitive with all the nuances 2
of the stylistic devices. For one struggling translator summed up 3
his problems, "If I really understood what the text means, I
could easily translate it."
Perhaps the less understood paradox of translating is the 4
general assumption that a person who knows two languages well
can be a good translator or interpreter. In first place, knowing 5
two languages is not enough. It is also essential to be acquainted
with the respective culture. Persons may be able to speak two 6
languages perfectly but not have the capacity to write well,
which means they can never become skilled translators.
Nevertheless, merely speaking two languages in a competent 7
manner does mean that persons can become first-rate 8
interpreters, whether in consecutive and simultaneous 9
circumstances. In addition to knowing a language, an interpreter
must have a quick mind to organize and formulate a response.
The test for potential interpreters at the Maurice Thorez Institute
in Moscow involves an assigning topic, one minute to prepare a 10
short speech on the topic, and one minute to speak.

答案： assigning→assigned，此处意为“指定话题”。

填空题

Since translating is a skill which generally requires
considerable practice, more people assume that it can be taught, 11
and to an extent this is true. But this is also true that really 12
exceptional translators are born, not made. Potential translators
might have a high level of aptitude for the creative use of 13
language, or they are not likely to be outstanding in their
profession. Perhaps the great benefit from instruction in 14
translating is to become aware of one"s own limitations.
For many people the need for human translators seems
paradoxical in this age of computers. Since modem computers
can be loaded with dictionaries and grammars, why should not 15
let computers do the work Computers can perform certain very
simple interlingual tasks, providing there is sufficient pre-editing
and post-editing. But neither advertising brochures and lyric 16
poetry can ever be reduced to the kind of logic required for
computer programs. Computer printouts of translations can often
be understood, if the persons involved already know what text is 17
supposed to say. But the results of machine translating are
usually in an unnatural form of language or sometimes just plain 18
weird. Furthermore, real improvements will not come from
merely doctoring the program or adding rules. The human brain
is not only digital and analogic, but it also has a built-in system
of values which gives them componentially incalculable 19
advantage over machines. Human translators will always be
necessary for any text which is stylistically appealing and
semantically complex—which include most of what is worth 20
communicating in another language.

答案： include→includes，此处主语应是any text，应为第三人称单数。

填空题

We do not end conversations by simply walking away from
our listeners or by bluntly stopping our contribution to the
conversation. Conversations end through the use of unpredictable 21
transitions. Conversations more or less wound down step by step. 22
When participants believe that they have completed their last topic,
they prepare to exit and then do so. In many conversations, we
give off signals that the dialogue is about to end before it does.
These signals may come by the form of preclosing statements 23
such as I guess I"ll have to let you go, Let"s do lunch sometime ,
That"s about it , or OK. These comments tell the listener that the
speaker is about to stop talking. Benjamin thanks Alice at the
end of the phone call and she says OK, indicating that last topic 24
has been completed. They then end the conversation with a
mutual good-bye. Sometimes after ending a conversation, 25
acquaints will reassure each other that they will talk again to 26
reaffirm their relationship; that is, the break is not a permanent
one.
Scholars found that speakers had several conventional 27
strategies to end conversations. Some will summarize the
conversation; others express pleasure about the relationship,
plans for future conversations, or wish the listener well. These 28
closing strategies tend to follow a linear sequence.
People make the summary statements early in the closing
sequence and then do the well-wishing at the end of the sequence.
For such, the ending sequence and the reciprocal statements 29
among the participants produce a mutual conversational dance to 30
the end.

答案： among→between，从上下文来看应为两方之间，所以用between而非among。

填空题

Ultimate reality, declares that Marxism, is material, not 31
spiritual. What we know beyond any doubts is that human 32
beings exist and live in social groups. All of our actions and
responses to such activities like eating, working, and even 33
playing are related in some way to our culture and society. In
order to understand ourselves and our world, we must at first 34
acknowledge the interrelatedness of all our actions within
society. If, for example, we want to know who we are and how
we should live, we must stop trying to find answers by looking
solely to religion or philosophy and beginning by examining all 35
aspects of our daily activities within our own culture. Upon
examining our daily routines, including our beliefs and values,
we will discover that it is our cultural and our social
circumstances which determine who we are. What we believe, 36
what we value, and, in many ways, what we think is a direct 37
result of our culture and our society, not our religion or our
supposed philosophy of life.
When we examine our society, declares Marxism, we will
discover that its structure is built upon a series of ongoing
conflicts within social classes. The chief reason for these 38
conflicts is the varying ways the members of society work and
utilize its economic resources. According to Marx, the methods 39
of economic production and the social relationships they
engender form the economic structure of society is called the 40
base. In America, for example, the capitalists exploit the
working classes, determining for them their salaries and their
working conditions, among a host of other elements of their
lives.

答案： its→their，此处指代前文的社会成员们，应为复数。

填空题

Ultimate reality, declares that Marxism, is material, not 31
spiritual. What we know beyond any doubts is that human 32
beings exist and live in social groups. All of our actions and
responses to such activities like eating, working, and even 33
playing are related in some way to our culture and society. In
order to understand ourselves and our world, we must at first 34
acknowledge the interrelatedness of all our actions within
society. If, for example, we want to know who we are and how
we should live, we must stop trying to find answers by looking
solely to religion or philosophy and beginning by examining all 35
aspects of our daily activities within our own culture. Upon
examining our daily routines, including our beliefs and values,
we will discover that it is our cultural and our social
circumstances which determine who we are. What we believe, 36
what we value, and, in many ways, what we think is a direct 37
result of our culture and our society, not our religion or our
supposed philosophy of life.
When we examine our society, declares Marxism, we will
discover that its structure is built upon a series of ongoing
conflicts within social classes. The chief reason for these 38
conflicts is the varying ways the members of society work and
utilize its economic resources. According to Marx, the methods 39
of economic production and the social relationships they
engender form the economic structure of society is called the 40
base. In America, for example, the capitalists exploit the
working classes, determining for them their salaries and their
working conditions, among a host of other elements of their
lives.

答案： is删去，或在is前∧which，此处为定语修饰前文的the economic structure of society...

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