单项选择题X 纠错Common cold is a viral infection that starts in the upper respiratory tract, sometimes spreads to the lower structures, and may contribute secondary infections in the eyes or middle ears. The main differences between the common cold and other respiratory infections are the absence of fever and the relative mildness of the symptoms.
About 200 different strains of virus are capable of producing colds. Frequently two or more different viruses can be isolated during a single episode. The cold is spread by person-to-person contact. People can carry the virus and communicate it without themselves experiencing any of the symptoms. Incubation is short--usually one to four days. The viruses start spreading from an infected person before the symptoms appear, and the spread reaches its peak during the symptomatic phase. The incidence of colds peaks during the autumn, and minor epidemics commonly occur throughout the winter. The reason for this incidence is unknown; it may not stem mainly from stresses imposed by chilly weather but rather result from the greater amount of time spent indoors, which increases the likelihood of close contact with those persons carrying cold viruses.
Pathologic changes occurring in the mucous membrane that lines the nose, the nasal sinuses, the nasoharynx, and other upper respiratory passages may include tissue swelling, congestion of blood, and oozing of fluids. During the acute phase of the disease, the respiratory secretions are altered by increase in serum proteins. Parts of cells may also be found in tile fluids. Tissue repair is rapid and seems complete, although a relationship might exist between colds and more serious respiratory conditions.
Cold symptoms vary from person to person, but in the individual the same symptoms tend to recur in succeeding bouts of infection. Manifestations may include sneezing, headaches, fatigue, chilling, sore throat, inflammation of the nose (rhinitis), and nasal discharge. There is usually no fever. The symptoms usually last for only a few days. The nasal discharge is the first warning. The secretions become watery, clear, and excessive. Later, they thicken, increase in mucus and pus content, and may colour a yellow-green, with traces of blood. Coughing can be dry or produce amounts of mucus. Other more serious diseases with similar general symptoms may be mistaken for a cold; some of these are tuberculosis, bronchitis, lung abscesses, and inflammation around the heart.
Treatment is, in most instances, directed toward allaying of symptoms, coupled with rest and adequate fluid intake. Occasionally antibiotics are given to prevent secondary infections.
A．a hereditary disease.
B．generally accompanied with mild fever.
C．a kind of popular respiratory infection.
D．caused by spending a lot of time outdoors in chilly weather.
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单项选择题People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed (31) as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and (32) a very simple affair in the beginning. (33) , when we observe the language behavior of (34) we regard as primitive cultures, we find it (35) complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words (36) to get along reasonably well, much larger than the active vocabulary of a (n) (37) businessman who speaks Eng-fish. (38) , these Eskimo words are far more highly inflected (词尾变化的) than (39) of any of the well-known European languages, for a (40) noun can be spoken or written in (41) hundred different forms, each (42) a precise meaning different from that of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more (43) . The Eskimo language is, (44) , one of the most difficult in the world to learn, (45) the result that almost no traders or explorers have (46) tried to learn it. Consequently, there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon (47) to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are (48) from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon (49) is usually referred to by travelers (50) "the Eskimo language".
A．unceasingly
B．continuously
C．gradually
D．continually
单项选择题Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations. They think that if countries play games together they will learn to live together, and even in worse situations, that if they fight on the game court, they would not like to meet on battlefield. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.
One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: "This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished." The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.
A．created goodwill between the nations.
B．bred only false national pride.
C．barely showed any international friendship.
D．led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred.
单项选择题 Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.
A．South.
B．Northeast and West.
C．factories in Midwest.
D．South and Northwest.
单项选择题 Questions 28 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the news.
A．They were World War Ⅱ victims.
B．They burned a Japanese flag scribbled with their names.
C．They were female college students.
D．They were supported by the South Korean government.
单项选择题
A．Japan.
B．America.
C．South Korea.
D．Germany.
单项选择题 Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the conversation.
A．It must be high-rise.
B．It must be near the university.
C．It must be quiet.
D．It must be new and functional.
单项选择题 Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.
A．foods from non-food materials.
B．foods in plastic tubes.
C．freeze-dried foods.
D．eatable food packages.
单项选择题 Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.
A．a nuclear war.
B．nuclear weapons.
C．a deficiency of food.
D．a shortage of medicine.
单项选择题Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the conversation.
A．To give a gift to the neighbors.
B．To complain frankly.
C．To talk strategically.
D．To keep the kids asleep as she can.
单项选择题 Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.
A．the South and Northeast.
B．the Northeast and Midwest.
C．factories and army camps.
D．the Appalachian Mountains and the Southwest.
