单项选择题

James’s first novels used conventional narrative techniques: explicit characterization, action which related events in distinctly phased sequences, settings firmly outlined and specifically described. But this method gradually gave way to a subtler, more deliberate, more diffuse style of accumulation of minutely discriminated details whose total significance the reader can grasp only by constant attention and sensitive inference. His later novels play down scenes of abrupt and prominent action, and do not so much offer a succession of sharp shocks as slow piecemeal additions of perception. The curtain is not suddenly drawn back from shrouded things, but is slowly moved away.
Such a technique is suited to James’s essential subject, which is not human action itself but the states of mind which produce and are produced by human actions and interactions. James was less interested in what characters do, than in the moral and psychological antecedents, realizations, and consequences which attend their doings. This is why he more often speaks of "eases" than of actions. His stories, therefore, grow more and more lengthy while the actions they relate grow simpler and less visible; not because they are crammed with adventitious and secondary events, digressive relief, or supernumerary characters, as overstuffed novels of action are; but because he presents in such exhaustive detail every nuance of his situation. Commonly the interest of a novel is in the variety and excitement of visible actions building up to a climatic event which will settle the outward destinies of characters with story-book promise of permanence. A James novel, however, possesses its characteristic interest in carrying the reader through a rich analysis of the mental adjustments of characters to the realities of their personal situations as they are slowly revealed to them through exploration and chance discovery.
James was primarily interested in ______.

A．telling an exciting story
B．capturing a setting
C．analyzing the mental adjustments of his characters
D．describing the behavior of Americans in Europe

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单项选择题

James’s first novels used conventional narrative techniques: explicit characterization, action which related events in distinctly phased sequences, settings firmly outlined and specifically described. But this method gradually gave way to a subtler, more deliberate, more diffuse style of accumulation of minutely discriminated details whose total significance the reader can grasp only by constant attention and sensitive inference. His later novels play down scenes of abrupt and prominent action, and do not so much offer a succession of sharp shocks as slow piecemeal additions of perception. The curtain is not suddenly drawn back from shrouded things, but is slowly moved away.
Such a technique is suited to James’s essential subject, which is not human action itself but the states of mind which produce and are produced by human actions and interactions. James was less interested in what characters do, than in the moral and psychological antecedents, realizations, and consequences which attend their doings. This is why he more often speaks of "eases" than of actions. His stories, therefore, grow more and more lengthy while the actions they relate grow simpler and less visible; not because they are crammed with adventitious and secondary events, digressive relief, or supernumerary characters, as overstuffed novels of action are; but because he presents in such exhaustive detail every nuance of his situation. Commonly the interest of a novel is in the variety and excitement of visible actions building up to a climatic event which will settle the outward destinies of characters with story-book promise of permanence. A James novel, however, possesses its characteristic interest in carrying the reader through a rich analysis of the mental adjustments of characters to the realities of their personal situations as they are slowly revealed to them through exploration and chance discovery.
The title below that best expresses the main idea of the passage is ______.

A．Conventional Narrative Techniques
B．The Psychological Novel
C．Evolution of Manner from Matter
D．Drawing Back the Curtain

单项选择题

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.

Music and literature, the two temporal arts, contrive their pattern of sounds in time; or, in other words of sounds and pauses. Communication may be made in broken words, the business of life be carried on with substantives alone; but that is not what we call literature; and the true business of the literary artist is to plait or weave his meaning, involving it around itself; so that each sentence, by successive phrases, shall first come into a kind of knot, and then, after a moment of suspended meaning, solve and clear itself. In every properly constructed sentence there should be observed this knot or hitch; so that (however delicately) we are led to foresee, to expect, and then to welcome the successive phrases. The pleasure may be heightened by an element of surprise, as, very grossly, in the common figure of the antithesis, or, with much greater subtlety, where an antithesis is first suggested and then deftly evaded. Each phrase, besides, is to be comely in itself; and between the implication and the evolution of the sentence there should be a satisfying equipoise of sound; for nothing more often disappoints the ear than a sentence solemnly and sonorously prepared, and hastily and weakly finished. Nor should the balance be too striking and exact, for the one rule is to be infinitely various; to interest, to disappoint, to surprise, and yet still to gratify; to be ever changing, as it were, the stitch, and yet still to give the effect of an ingenious neatness.
According to the author, great literature depends on its ______.

A．meaning
B．sound
C．ideas
D．balance

单项选择题

Near the beginning of Goethe’s career, when his enthusiasm for Shakespeare was at once the excitement of new discovery and a reflection of the championship of the human spirit in opposition to the formalities of Neoclassicism, be happened upon the autobiography of Gotz yon Berlichingen, a sixteenth-century robber knight who represented himself as a defender of justice and righteousness in the midst of treacherous and Machiavellian princes and nobles. Inspired by these idealistic sentiments, by the new patriotic spirit, and by a strong Rousseauistic conviction in regard to the goodness of the natural instincts of man, Goethe attempted to imitate Shakespeare’s use of historical characters by writing a play about a rather obscure figure in German history. Creating an authentic sixteenth-century background, Goethe also projects something of the Sturm und Drang sentiments of revolt as the rebellious hero fights against the treachery and meanness of his age.
The play is loosely organized and often uncertain in its direction. Its fifty-eight scenes, tragic and comic, are a deliberate flouting of time-honored principles of good dramatic structure. But it bas all the feeling of restless violence associated with the Sturm und Drang period. Gotz rebels and takes the peasants’ side against the artificialities and venality of a clerical court. Weisslingen is perverted and then destroyed by associates who are incapable of society, society wins; but the applause goes to the victims, and their martyrdom is an inspiration for all mankind. Goethe knew that nobility of spirit is as rare as intelligence or force of character; hence be was no democrat. The peasants should have a master, but good leadership should exist for the benefit, not the exploitation, of the people.
Goethe was no democrat, because ______.

A．he felt that the peasants needed a master
B．he believed that good character was rare
C．in his play, corrupt society wins
D．he supported a robber knight

单项选择题

In most corners of the world malnutrition is plainly a matter of outright insufficiency of food for the population--where the majority of the people do not obtain enough food calories to meet minimal needs for support of physical work and for maintenance of health. Elsewhere the problem may be not one of insufficient, calories but of lack of specific nutrients essential for health.
In Latin America, as in other places, the dread protein deficiency disease kwashiorkor is taking its heavy toll of children’s lives. Strategic vitamins and minerals may be lacking due to traditional diets which are nutritionally imbalanced. Here people continue their eating pattern year after year without knowledge of that their dietary habits are doing to themselves and to future generations.
With a basic knowledge of nutritional needs and deficiencies, efforts could be directed to finding food substitutes which could meet these needs. Mixtures of vegetable proteins, like soybeans and peanuts, could provide an abundance of cheap, useful protein where meat, eggs, and milk are not within economic reach of large groups in the population. Efforts could also be expended on increasing the agricultural productivity in specific regions; where large areas are given over to relatively inefficient use as grazing land, the intensive production of vegetable protein crops could bring remedial nutrition to an undernourished population. Elsewhere, enrichment with specific vitamins and minerals of traditional staple foods that are deficient in essential nutritive factors could wipe out disabling deficiency diseases, like beriberi or pellagra, almost overnight. Similarly, addition of minute amounts of inexpensive iodine to salt could benefit large areas where endemic goiter has been accepted as an integral part of life for generations.
Cheap protein substitutes for milk, eggs, and meat ______.

A．may be obtained from vitamins and minerals
B．are being sought by scientists
C．can be gotten from soybeans
D．can be found in iodized salt

单项选择题

James’s first novels used conventional narrative techniques: explicit characterization, action which related events in distinctly phased sequences, settings firmly outlined and specifically described. But this method gradually gave way to a subtler, more deliberate, more diffuse style of accumulation of minutely discriminated details whose total significance the reader can grasp only by constant attention and sensitive inference. His later novels play down scenes of abrupt and prominent action, and do not so much offer a succession of sharp shocks as slow piecemeal additions of perception. The curtain is not suddenly drawn back from shrouded things, but is slowly moved away.
Such a technique is suited to James’s essential subject, which is not human action itself but the states of mind which produce and are produced by human actions and interactions. James was less interested in what characters do, than in the moral and psychological antecedents, realizations, and consequences which attend their doings. This is why he more often speaks of "eases" than of actions. His stories, therefore, grow more and more lengthy while the actions they relate grow simpler and less visible; not because they are crammed with adventitious and secondary events, digressive relief, or supernumerary characters, as overstuffed novels of action are; but because he presents in such exhaustive detail every nuance of his situation. Commonly the interest of a novel is in the variety and excitement of visible actions building up to a climatic event which will settle the outward destinies of characters with story-book promise of permanence. A James novel, however, possesses its characteristic interest in carrying the reader through a rich analysis of the mental adjustments of characters to the realities of their personal situations as they are slowly revealed to them through exploration and chance discovery.
James was primarily interested in ______.

A．telling an exciting story
B．capturing a setting
C．analyzing the mental adjustments of his characters
D．describing the behavior of Americans in Europe

单项选择题

Near the beginning of Goethe’s career, when his enthusiasm for Shakespeare was at once the excitement of new discovery and a reflection of the championship of the human spirit in opposition to the formalities of Neoclassicism, be happened upon the autobiography of Gotz yon Berlichingen, a sixteenth-century robber knight who represented himself as a defender of justice and righteousness in the midst of treacherous and Machiavellian princes and nobles. Inspired by these idealistic sentiments, by the new patriotic spirit, and by a strong Rousseauistic conviction in regard to the goodness of the natural instincts of man, Goethe attempted to imitate Shakespeare’s use of historical characters by writing a play about a rather obscure figure in German history. Creating an authentic sixteenth-century background, Goethe also projects something of the Sturm und Drang sentiments of revolt as the rebellious hero fights against the treachery and meanness of his age.
The play is loosely organized and often uncertain in its direction. Its fifty-eight scenes, tragic and comic, are a deliberate flouting of time-honored principles of good dramatic structure. But it bas all the feeling of restless violence associated with the Sturm und Drang period. Gotz rebels and takes the peasants’ side against the artificialities and venality of a clerical court. Weisslingen is perverted and then destroyed by associates who are incapable of society, society wins; but the applause goes to the victims, and their martyrdom is an inspiration for all mankind. Goethe knew that nobility of spirit is as rare as intelligence or force of character; hence be was no democrat. The peasants should have a master, but good leadership should exist for the benefit, not the exploitation, of the people.
Goethe was not inspired by ______.

A．Shakespeare
B．neoclassicism
C．Rousseau
D．Sturm und Drang sentiments

单项选择题

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.

Music and literature, the two temporal arts, contrive their pattern of sounds in time; or, in other words of sounds and pauses. Communication may be made in broken words, the business of life be carried on with substantives alone; but that is not what we call literature; and the true business of the literary artist is to plait or weave his meaning, involving it around itself; so that each sentence, by successive phrases, shall first come into a kind of knot, and then, after a moment of suspended meaning, solve and clear itself. In every properly constructed sentence there should be observed this knot or hitch; so that (however delicately) we are led to foresee, to expect, and then to welcome the successive phrases. The pleasure may be heightened by an element of surprise, as, very grossly, in the common figure of the antithesis, or, with much greater subtlety, where an antithesis is first suggested and then deftly evaded. Each phrase, besides, is to be comely in itself; and between the implication and the evolution of the sentence there should be a satisfying equipoise of sound; for nothing more often disappoints the ear than a sentence solemnly and sonorously prepared, and hastily and weakly finished. Nor should the balance be too striking and exact, for the one rule is to be infinitely various; to interest, to disappoint, to surprise, and yet still to gratify; to be ever changing, as it were, the stitch, and yet still to give the effect of an ingenious neatness.
The author calls music and literature "the two temporal arts" because they ______.

A．are not lasting
B．are both used in temples
C．are both based on antithesis
D．depend on time patterns

单项选择题

In most corners of the world malnutrition is plainly a matter of outright insufficiency of food for the population--where the majority of the people do not obtain enough food calories to meet minimal needs for support of physical work and for maintenance of health. Elsewhere the problem may be not one of insufficient, calories but of lack of specific nutrients essential for health.
In Latin America, as in other places, the dread protein deficiency disease kwashiorkor is taking its heavy toll of children’s lives. Strategic vitamins and minerals may be lacking due to traditional diets which are nutritionally imbalanced. Here people continue their eating pattern year after year without knowledge of that their dietary habits are doing to themselves and to future generations.
With a basic knowledge of nutritional needs and deficiencies, efforts could be directed to finding food substitutes which could meet these needs. Mixtures of vegetable proteins, like soybeans and peanuts, could provide an abundance of cheap, useful protein where meat, eggs, and milk are not within economic reach of large groups in the population. Efforts could also be expended on increasing the agricultural productivity in specific regions; where large areas are given over to relatively inefficient use as grazing land, the intensive production of vegetable protein crops could bring remedial nutrition to an undernourished population. Elsewhere, enrichment with specific vitamins and minerals of traditional staple foods that are deficient in essential nutritive factors could wipe out disabling deficiency diseases, like beriberi or pellagra, almost overnight. Similarly, addition of minute amounts of inexpensive iodine to salt could benefit large areas where endemic goiter has been accepted as an integral part of life for generations.
The peanut is ______.

A．inedible
B．of little nutritional value
C．difficult to grow
D．a source of protein

单项选择题

James’s first novels used conventional narrative techniques: explicit characterization, action which related events in distinctly phased sequences, settings firmly outlined and specifically described. But this method gradually gave way to a subtler, more deliberate, more diffuse style of accumulation of minutely discriminated details whose total significance the reader can grasp only by constant attention and sensitive inference. His later novels play down scenes of abrupt and prominent action, and do not so much offer a succession of sharp shocks as slow piecemeal additions of perception. The curtain is not suddenly drawn back from shrouded things, but is slowly moved away.
Such a technique is suited to James’s essential subject, which is not human action itself but the states of mind which produce and are produced by human actions and interactions. James was less interested in what characters do, than in the moral and psychological antecedents, realizations, and consequences which attend their doings. This is why he more often speaks of "eases" than of actions. His stories, therefore, grow more and more lengthy while the actions they relate grow simpler and less visible; not because they are crammed with adventitious and secondary events, digressive relief, or supernumerary characters, as overstuffed novels of action are; but because he presents in such exhaustive detail every nuance of his situation. Commonly the interest of a novel is in the variety and excitement of visible actions building up to a climatic event which will settle the outward destinies of characters with story-book promise of permanence. A James novel, however, possesses its characteristic interest in carrying the reader through a rich analysis of the mental adjustments of characters to the realities of their personal situations as they are slowly revealed to them through exploration and chance discovery.
James’ later novels differ from his earlier works in that they ______.

A．show specifically described settings
B．are full of action
C．are less lengthy
D．analyze the states of mind of his characters

单项选择题

Near the beginning of Goethe’s career, when his enthusiasm for Shakespeare was at once the excitement of new discovery and a reflection of the championship of the human spirit in opposition to the formalities of Neoclassicism, be happened upon the autobiography of Gotz yon Berlichingen, a sixteenth-century robber knight who represented himself as a defender of justice and righteousness in the midst of treacherous and Machiavellian princes and nobles. Inspired by these idealistic sentiments, by the new patriotic spirit, and by a strong Rousseauistic conviction in regard to the goodness of the natural instincts of man, Goethe attempted to imitate Shakespeare’s use of historical characters by writing a play about a rather obscure figure in German history. Creating an authentic sixteenth-century background, Goethe also projects something of the Sturm und Drang sentiments of revolt as the rebellious hero fights against the treachery and meanness of his age.
The play is loosely organized and often uncertain in its direction. Its fifty-eight scenes, tragic and comic, are a deliberate flouting of time-honored principles of good dramatic structure. But it bas all the feeling of restless violence associated with the Sturm und Drang period. Gotz rebels and takes the peasants’ side against the artificialities and venality of a clerical court. Weisslingen is perverted and then destroyed by associates who are incapable of society, society wins; but the applause goes to the victims, and their martyrdom is an inspiration for all mankind. Goethe knew that nobility of spirit is as rare as intelligence or force of character; hence be was no democrat. The peasants should have a master, but good leadership should exist for the benefit, not the exploitation, of the people.
The fifty-eight scenes make the play ______.

A．too long
B．well organized
C．an illustration of good dramatic structure
D．lose a sense of direction

单项选择题

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.

Music and literature, the two temporal arts, contrive their pattern of sounds in time; or, in other words of sounds and pauses. Communication may be made in broken words, the business of life be carried on with substantives alone; but that is not what we call literature; and the true business of the literary artist is to plait or weave his meaning, involving it around itself; so that each sentence, by successive phrases, shall first come into a kind of knot, and then, after a moment of suspended meaning, solve and clear itself. In every properly constructed sentence there should be observed this knot or hitch; so that (however delicately) we are led to foresee, to expect, and then to welcome the successive phrases. The pleasure may be heightened by an element of surprise, as, very grossly, in the common figure of the antithesis, or, with much greater subtlety, where an antithesis is first suggested and then deftly evaded. Each phrase, besides, is to be comely in itself; and between the implication and the evolution of the sentence there should be a satisfying equipoise of sound; for nothing more often disappoints the ear than a sentence solemnly and sonorously prepared, and hastily and weakly finished. Nor should the balance be too striking and exact, for the one rule is to be infinitely various; to interest, to disappoint, to surprise, and yet still to gratify; to be ever changing, as it were, the stitch, and yet still to give the effect of an ingenious neatness.
The function of the literary artist is to ______.

A．communicate with the reader
B．carry on the business of life
C．provide a knot and stitch
D．present his ideas attractively

单项选择题

In most corners of the world malnutrition is plainly a matter of outright insufficiency of food for the population--where the majority of the people do not obtain enough food calories to meet minimal needs for support of physical work and for maintenance of health. Elsewhere the problem may be not one of insufficient, calories but of lack of specific nutrients essential for health.
In Latin America, as in other places, the dread protein deficiency disease kwashiorkor is taking its heavy toll of children’s lives. Strategic vitamins and minerals may be lacking due to traditional diets which are nutritionally imbalanced. Here people continue their eating pattern year after year without knowledge of that their dietary habits are doing to themselves and to future generations.
With a basic knowledge of nutritional needs and deficiencies, efforts could be directed to finding food substitutes which could meet these needs. Mixtures of vegetable proteins, like soybeans and peanuts, could provide an abundance of cheap, useful protein where meat, eggs, and milk are not within economic reach of large groups in the population. Efforts could also be expended on increasing the agricultural productivity in specific regions; where large areas are given over to relatively inefficient use as grazing land, the intensive production of vegetable protein crops could bring remedial nutrition to an undernourished population. Elsewhere, enrichment with specific vitamins and minerals of traditional staple foods that are deficient in essential nutritive factors could wipe out disabling deficiency diseases, like beriberi or pellagra, almost overnight. Similarly, addition of minute amounts of inexpensive iodine to salt could benefit large areas where endemic goiter has been accepted as an integral part of life for generations.
The major cause of malnutrition in the world is lack of ______.

A．protein
B．vitamins
C．minerals
D．food

单项选择题

James’s first novels used conventional narrative techniques: explicit characterization, action which related events in distinctly phased sequences, settings firmly outlined and specifically described. But this method gradually gave way to a subtler, more deliberate, more diffuse style of accumulation of minutely discriminated details whose total significance the reader can grasp only by constant attention and sensitive inference. His later novels play down scenes of abrupt and prominent action, and do not so much offer a succession of sharp shocks as slow piecemeal additions of perception. The curtain is not suddenly drawn back from shrouded things, but is slowly moved away.
Such a technique is suited to James’s essential subject, which is not human action itself but the states of mind which produce and are produced by human actions and interactions. James was less interested in what characters do, than in the moral and psychological antecedents, realizations, and consequences which attend their doings. This is why he more often speaks of "eases" than of actions. His stories, therefore, grow more and more lengthy while the actions they relate grow simpler and less visible; not because they are crammed with adventitious and secondary events, digressive relief, or supernumerary characters, as overstuffed novels of action are; but because he presents in such exhaustive detail every nuance of his situation. Commonly the interest of a novel is in the variety and excitement of visible actions building up to a climatic event which will settle the outward destinies of characters with story-book promise of permanence. A James novel, however, possesses its characteristic interest in carrying the reader through a rich analysis of the mental adjustments of characters to the realities of their personal situations as they are slowly revealed to them through exploration and chance discovery.
Most of the fiction James read as a boy was probably ______.

A．indefinite
B．easily misunderstood
C．slow-moving
D．strongly plotted

单项选择题

Near the beginning of Goethe’s career, when his enthusiasm for Shakespeare was at once the excitement of new discovery and a reflection of the championship of the human spirit in opposition to the formalities of Neoclassicism, be happened upon the autobiography of Gotz yon Berlichingen, a sixteenth-century robber knight who represented himself as a defender of justice and righteousness in the midst of treacherous and Machiavellian princes and nobles. Inspired by these idealistic sentiments, by the new patriotic spirit, and by a strong Rousseauistic conviction in regard to the goodness of the natural instincts of man, Goethe attempted to imitate Shakespeare’s use of historical characters by writing a play about a rather obscure figure in German history. Creating an authentic sixteenth-century background, Goethe also projects something of the Sturm und Drang sentiments of revolt as the rebellious hero fights against the treachery and meanness of his age.
The play is loosely organized and often uncertain in its direction. Its fifty-eight scenes, tragic and comic, are a deliberate flouting of time-honored principles of good dramatic structure. But it bas all the feeling of restless violence associated with the Sturm und Drang period. Gotz rebels and takes the peasants’ side against the artificialities and venality of a clerical court. Weisslingen is perverted and then destroyed by associates who are incapable of society, society wins; but the applause goes to the victims, and their martyrdom is an inspiration for all mankind. Goethe knew that nobility of spirit is as rare as intelligence or force of character; hence be was no democrat. The peasants should have a master, but good leadership should exist for the benefit, not the exploitation, of the people.
Goethe learned about Gotz von Berlichingen by reading ______.

A．Shakespeare
B．Rousseau
C．an autobiography
D．Weisslingen

单项选择题

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.

Music and literature, the two temporal arts, contrive their pattern of sounds in time; or, in other words of sounds and pauses. Communication may be made in broken words, the business of life be carried on with substantives alone; but that is not what we call literature; and the true business of the literary artist is to plait or weave his meaning, involving it around itself; so that each sentence, by successive phrases, shall first come into a kind of knot, and then, after a moment of suspended meaning, solve and clear itself. In every properly constructed sentence there should be observed this knot or hitch; so that (however delicately) we are led to foresee, to expect, and then to welcome the successive phrases. The pleasure may be heightened by an element of surprise, as, very grossly, in the common figure of the antithesis, or, with much greater subtlety, where an antithesis is first suggested and then deftly evaded. Each phrase, besides, is to be comely in itself; and between the implication and the evolution of the sentence there should be a satisfying equipoise of sound; for nothing more often disappoints the ear than a sentence solemnly and sonorously prepared, and hastily and weakly finished. Nor should the balance be too striking and exact, for the one rule is to be infinitely various; to interest, to disappoint, to surprise, and yet still to gratify; to be ever changing, as it were, the stitch, and yet still to give the effect of an ingenious neatness.
Antithesis is a means of securing ______.

A．surprise
B．subtlety
C．comeliness
D．balance

单项选择题

In most corners of the world malnutrition is plainly a matter of outright insufficiency of food for the population--where the majority of the people do not obtain enough food calories to meet minimal needs for support of physical work and for maintenance of health. Elsewhere the problem may be not one of insufficient, calories but of lack of specific nutrients essential for health.
In Latin America, as in other places, the dread protein deficiency disease kwashiorkor is taking its heavy toll of children’s lives. Strategic vitamins and minerals may be lacking due to traditional diets which are nutritionally imbalanced. Here people continue their eating pattern year after year without knowledge of that their dietary habits are doing to themselves and to future generations.
With a basic knowledge of nutritional needs and deficiencies, efforts could be directed to finding food substitutes which could meet these needs. Mixtures of vegetable proteins, like soybeans and peanuts, could provide an abundance of cheap, useful protein where meat, eggs, and milk are not within economic reach of large groups in the population. Efforts could also be expended on increasing the agricultural productivity in specific regions; where large areas are given over to relatively inefficient use as grazing land, the intensive production of vegetable protein crops could bring remedial nutrition to an undernourished population. Elsewhere, enrichment with specific vitamins and minerals of traditional staple foods that are deficient in essential nutritive factors could wipe out disabling deficiency diseases, like beriberi or pellagra, almost overnight. Similarly, addition of minute amounts of inexpensive iodine to salt could benefit large areas where endemic goiter has been accepted as an integral part of life for generations.
Kwashiorkor ______.

A．is especially harmful to children
B．resembles beriberi
C．is caused by starvation
D．affects adults only

单项选择题

James’s first novels used conventional narrative techniques: explicit characterization, action which related events in distinctly phased sequences, settings firmly outlined and specifically described. But this method gradually gave way to a subtler, more deliberate, more diffuse style of accumulation of minutely discriminated details whose total significance the reader can grasp only by constant attention and sensitive inference. His later novels play down scenes of abrupt and prominent action, and do not so much offer a succession of sharp shocks as slow piecemeal additions of perception. The curtain is not suddenly drawn back from shrouded things, but is slowly moved away.
Such a technique is suited to James’s essential subject, which is not human action itself but the states of mind which produce and are produced by human actions and interactions. James was less interested in what characters do, than in the moral and psychological antecedents, realizations, and consequences which attend their doings. This is why he more often speaks of "eases" than of actions. His stories, therefore, grow more and more lengthy while the actions they relate grow simpler and less visible; not because they are crammed with adventitious and secondary events, digressive relief, or supernumerary characters, as overstuffed novels of action are; but because he presents in such exhaustive detail every nuance of his situation. Commonly the interest of a novel is in the variety and excitement of visible actions building up to a climatic event which will settle the outward destinies of characters with story-book promise of permanence. A James novel, however, possesses its characteristic interest in carrying the reader through a rich analysis of the mental adjustments of characters to the realities of their personal situations as they are slowly revealed to them through exploration and chance discovery.
James’ later novels may be characterized as ______.

A．detective stories
B．horror stories
C．being dull
D．psychological novels

单项选择题

Near the beginning of Goethe’s career, when his enthusiasm for Shakespeare was at once the excitement of new discovery and a reflection of the championship of the human spirit in opposition to the formalities of Neoclassicism, be happened upon the autobiography of Gotz yon Berlichingen, a sixteenth-century robber knight who represented himself as a defender of justice and righteousness in the midst of treacherous and Machiavellian princes and nobles. Inspired by these idealistic sentiments, by the new patriotic spirit, and by a strong Rousseauistic conviction in regard to the goodness of the natural instincts of man, Goethe attempted to imitate Shakespeare’s use of historical characters by writing a play about a rather obscure figure in German history. Creating an authentic sixteenth-century background, Goethe also projects something of the Sturm und Drang sentiments of revolt as the rebellious hero fights against the treachery and meanness of his age.
The play is loosely organized and often uncertain in its direction. Its fifty-eight scenes, tragic and comic, are a deliberate flouting of time-honored principles of good dramatic structure. But it bas all the feeling of restless violence associated with the Sturm und Drang period. Gotz rebels and takes the peasants’ side against the artificialities and venality of a clerical court. Weisslingen is perverted and then destroyed by associates who are incapable of society, society wins; but the applause goes to the victims, and their martyrdom is an inspiration for all mankind. Goethe knew that nobility of spirit is as rare as intelligence or force of character; hence be was no democrat. The peasants should have a master, but good leadership should exist for the benefit, not the exploitation, of the people.
A clerical court is made of ______.

A．clerks
B．the clergy
C．venal individuals
D．high-ranking nobility

单项选择题

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.

Music and literature, the two temporal arts, contrive their pattern of sounds in time; or, in other words of sounds and pauses. Communication may be made in broken words, the business of life be carried on with substantives alone; but that is not what we call literature; and the true business of the literary artist is to plait or weave his meaning, involving it around itself; so that each sentence, by successive phrases, shall first come into a kind of knot, and then, after a moment of suspended meaning, solve and clear itself. In every properly constructed sentence there should be observed this knot or hitch; so that (however delicately) we are led to foresee, to expect, and then to welcome the successive phrases. The pleasure may be heightened by an element of surprise, as, very grossly, in the common figure of the antithesis, or, with much greater subtlety, where an antithesis is first suggested and then deftly evaded. Each phrase, besides, is to be comely in itself; and between the implication and the evolution of the sentence there should be a satisfying equipoise of sound; for nothing more often disappoints the ear than a sentence solemnly and sonorously prepared, and hastily and weakly finished. Nor should the balance be too striking and exact, for the one rule is to be infinitely various; to interest, to disappoint, to surprise, and yet still to gratify; to be ever changing, as it were, the stitch, and yet still to give the effect of an ingenious neatness.
The author believes that the enjoyment of literature comes from ______.

A．shock
B．an anticipation of phrases
C．the originality of the thought
D．rhythmic sound

单项选择题

In most corners of the world malnutrition is plainly a matter of outright insufficiency of food for the population--where the majority of the people do not obtain enough food calories to meet minimal needs for support of physical work and for maintenance of health. Elsewhere the problem may be not one of insufficient, calories but of lack of specific nutrients essential for health.
In Latin America, as in other places, the dread protein deficiency disease kwashiorkor is taking its heavy toll of children’s lives. Strategic vitamins and minerals may be lacking due to traditional diets which are nutritionally imbalanced. Here people continue their eating pattern year after year without knowledge of that their dietary habits are doing to themselves and to future generations.
With a basic knowledge of nutritional needs and deficiencies, efforts could be directed to finding food substitutes which could meet these needs. Mixtures of vegetable proteins, like soybeans and peanuts, could provide an abundance of cheap, useful protein where meat, eggs, and milk are not within economic reach of large groups in the population. Efforts could also be expended on increasing the agricultural productivity in specific regions; where large areas are given over to relatively inefficient use as grazing land, the intensive production of vegetable protein crops could bring remedial nutrition to an undernourished population. Elsewhere, enrichment with specific vitamins and minerals of traditional staple foods that are deficient in essential nutritive factors could wipe out disabling deficiency diseases, like beriberi or pellagra, almost overnight. Similarly, addition of minute amounts of inexpensive iodine to salt could benefit large areas where endemic goiter has been accepted as an integral part of life for generations.
The title that best expresses the main idea of this passage is ______.

A．Science and Agriculture
B．Eliminating Starvation
C．Improving Our Diet
D．Combating Malnutrition