单项选择题
As with other forms of nonverbal communication, the use of touch to communicate feelings and emotions varies widely from culture to culture. Edward T. Hall theorized that, (1) touch, two general cultural classes exist: contact and noncontact. He called cultures that (2) much contact contact cultures and (3) that permit little contact noncontact cultures.
People in contact cultures (4) in closer proximity to each other. They touch more, face one another more directly, and utilize more eye contact than (5) in noncontact cultures. Contact cultures (6) most Arab countries, Mediterranean and Jewish people, Eastern Europeans, Russians, Hispanics, and Indonesians. Noncontact people (7) —are from northern Europe, Japan, China, Korea, and other Far Eastern countries.
The United States usually is (8) as a noncontact culture, primarily because of its original European settlers. Touching behavior, (9) , varies among the different ethnic groups that make (10) the country. Blacks and Italian-Americans—to (11) two examples—tend to use touch rather widely to communicate closeness and affection. Anglo-Americans normally are (12) in touching others.
Gender differences are (13) . Women seem to be touched by others more than men are, and men do more opposite-sex touching than women do. In the United States, touching (14) women is so embedded (15) the culture that it goes largely (16) . Men have more freedom to guide women through doors or into cars or even to (17) them on the back. (18) men often is (19) as a sign of (20) or a sexual invitation.
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