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问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation
comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt ’naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is 1
learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2
speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3
shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4
voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something
which we almost always know. We begin the 5
’natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read
or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many
more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is "natural", 8
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding
a community and giving a sense of "belonging". 9
We learn quite early to recognize a "stranger", someone who speaks
with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10

答案： and→while

问答题

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period
were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought
down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth
rate to a twentieth century height after more than a 11
hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom". 12
The young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively
large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 13
temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 14
younger age than their Europe counterparts. 15
Less noted but equally more significant, the man and women 16
who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 17
the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact
to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 18
as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 19
dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,
the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent 20
in Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner
and homemaker was not abandoned.

答案： height→high

问答题

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U. S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to
committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific 21
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 22
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 23
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 24
and to make out detailed studies of issues. 25
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most 26
committee hearings are open to public and are reported 27
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 28
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. 29
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of
these who give false testimony. 30

答案： special committees前加or

问答题

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.

答案：在any infant中间加other

问答题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments’ heavily investing in common 31
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 32
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 33
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 34
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 35
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, 36
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 37
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 38
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 39
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of
the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the
best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries
earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust
authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the
best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give
discounts on their best customer. 40

答案： investing→invested

问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation
comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt ’naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is 1
learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2
speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3
shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4
voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something
which we almost always know. We begin the 5
’natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read
or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many
more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is "natural", 8
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding
a community and giving a sense of "belonging". 9
We learn quite early to recognize a "stranger", someone who speaks
with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10

答案： with→of

问答题

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period
were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought
down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth
rate to a twentieth century height after more than a 11
hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom". 12
The young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively
large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 13
temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 14
younger age than their Europe counterparts. 15
Less noted but equally more significant, the man and women 16
who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 17
the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact
to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 18
as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 19
dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,
the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent 20
in Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner
and homemaker was not abandoned.

答案：去掉a

问答题

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U. S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to
committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific 21
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 22
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 23
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 24
and to make out detailed studies of issues. 25
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most 26
committee hearings are open to public and are reported 27
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 28
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. 29
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of
these who give false testimony. 30

答案： consisted→consisting

问答题

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.

答案： have→has

问答题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments’ heavily investing in common 31
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 32
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 33
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 34
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 35
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, 36
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 37
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 38
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 39
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of
the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the
best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries
earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust
authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the
best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give
discounts on their best customer. 40

答案：在irrespective和fluctuations之间加上介词of

问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation
comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt ’naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is 1
learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2
speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3
shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4
voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something
which we almost always know. We begin the 5
’natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read
or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many
more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is "natural", 8
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding
a community and giving a sense of "belonging". 9
We learn quite early to recognize a "stranger", someone who speaks
with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10

答案： speak out∧→it

问答题

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period
were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought
down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth
rate to a twentieth century height after more than a 11
hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom". 12
The young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively
large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 13
temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 14
younger age than their Europe counterparts. 15
Less noted but equally more significant, the man and women 16
who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 17
the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact
to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 18
as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 19
dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,
the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent 20
in Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner
and homemaker was not abandoned.

答案： went∧→on

问答题

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U. S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to
committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific 21
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 22
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 23
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 24
and to make out detailed studies of issues. 25
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most 26
committee hearings are open to public and are reported 27
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 28
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. 29
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of
these who give false testimony. 30

答案： in→on

问答题

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.

答案： pay→draw/call/attract/elicit

问答题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments’ heavily investing in common 31
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 32
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 33
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 34
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 35
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, 36
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 37
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 38
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 39
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of
the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the
best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries
earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust
authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the
best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give
discounts on their best customer. 40

答案： those→that

问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation
comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt ’naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is 1
learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2
speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3
shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4
voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something
which we almost always know. We begin the 5
’natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read
or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many
more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is "natural", 8
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding
a community and giving a sense of "belonging". 9
We learn quite early to recognize a "stranger", someone who speaks
with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10

答案： firstly→first

问答题

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period
were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought
down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth
rate to a twentieth century height after more than a 11
hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom". 12
The young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively
large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 13
temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 14
younger age than their Europe counterparts. 15
Less noted but equally more significant, the man and women 16
who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 17
the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact
to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 18
as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 19
dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,
the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent 20
in Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner
and homemaker was not abandoned.

答案： high→higher

问答题

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U. S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to
committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific 21
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 22
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 23
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 24
and to make out detailed studies of issues. 25
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most 26
committee hearings are open to public and are reported 27
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 28
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. 29
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of
these who give false testimony. 30

答案： rely→rely on

问答题

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.

答案： on→to

问答题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments’ heavily investing in common 31
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 32
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 33
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 34
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 35
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, 36
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 37
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 38
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 39
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of
the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the
best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries
earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust
authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the
best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give
discounts on their best customer. 40

答案：在fact和economic之间加上关系代词that

问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation
comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt ’naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is 1
learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2
speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3
shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4
voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something
which we almost always know. We begin the 5
’natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read
or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many
more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is "natural", 8
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding
a community and giving a sense of "belonging". 9
We learn quite early to recognize a "stranger", someone who speaks
with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10

答案： which→that

问答题

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period
were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought
down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth
rate to a twentieth century height after more than a 11
hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom". 12
The young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively
large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 13
temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 14
younger age than their Europe counterparts. 15
Less noted but equally more significant, the man and women 16
who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 17
the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact
to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 18
as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 19
dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,
the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent 20
in Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner
and homemaker was not abandoned.

答案： Europe→European

问答题

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U. S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to
committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific 21
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 22
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 23
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 24
and to make out detailed studies of issues. 25
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most 26
committee hearings are open to public and are reported 27
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 28
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. 29
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of
these who give false testimony. 30

答案： make out→make

问答题

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.

答案： in risk→in danger或者at risk

问答题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments’ heavily investing in common 31
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 32
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 33
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 34
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 35
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, 36
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 37
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 38
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 39
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of
the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the
best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries
earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust
authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the
best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give
discounts on their best customer. 40

答案：把定冠词the去掉

问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation
comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt ’naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is 1
learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2
speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3
shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4
voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something
which we almost always know. We begin the 5
’natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read
or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many
more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is "natural", 8
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding
a community and giving a sense of "belonging". 9
We learn quite early to recognize a "stranger", someone who speaks
with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10

答案： went→go

问答题

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period
were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought
down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth
rate to a twentieth century height after more than a 11
hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom". 12
The young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively
large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 13
temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 14
younger age than their Europe counterparts. 15
Less noted but equally more significant, the man and women 16
who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 17
the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact
to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 18
as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 19
dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,
the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent 20
in Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner
and homemaker was not abandoned.

答案：去掉more

问答题

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U. S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to
committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific 21
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 22
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 23
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 24
and to make out detailed studies of issues. 25
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most 26
committee hearings are open to public and are reported 27
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 28
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. 29
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of
these who give false testimony. 30

答案： its→their

问答题

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.

答案： them→themselves

问答题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments’ heavily investing in common 31
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 32
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 33
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 34
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 35
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, 36
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 37
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 38
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 39
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of
the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the
best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries
earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust
authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the
best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give
discounts on their best customer. 40

答案： poor→poorer

问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation
comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt ’naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is 1
learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2
speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3
shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4
voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something
which we almost always know. We begin the 5
’natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read
or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many
more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is "natural", 8
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding
a community and giving a sense of "belonging". 9
We learn quite early to recognize a "stranger", someone who speaks
with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10

答案：去掉per或every

问答题

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period
were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought
down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth
rate to a twentieth century height after more than a 11
hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom". 12
The young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively
large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 13
temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 14
younger age than their Europe counterparts. 15
Less noted but equally more significant, the man and women 16
who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 17
the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact
to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 18
as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 19
dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,
the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent 20
in Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner
and homemaker was not abandoned.

答案： nevertheless→also

问答题

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U. S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to
committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific 21
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 22
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 23
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 24
and to make out detailed studies of issues. 25
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most 26
committee hearings are open to public and are reported 27
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 28
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. 29
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of
these who give false testimony. 30

答案： public→the public

问答题

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.

答案：删除others前的定冠词the

问答题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments’ heavily investing in common 31
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 32
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 33
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 34
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 35
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, 36
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 37
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 38
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 39
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of
the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the
best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries
earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust
authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the
best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give
discounts on their best customer. 40

答案：在ways和which之间加上一个介词in

问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation
comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt ’naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is 1
learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2
speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3
shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4
voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something
which we almost always know. We begin the 5
’natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read
or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many
more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is "natural", 8
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding
a community and giving a sense of "belonging". 9
We learn quite early to recognize a "stranger", someone who speaks
with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10

答案： This-→It

问答题

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period
were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought
down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth
rate to a twentieth century height after more than a 11
hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom". 12
The young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively
large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 13
temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 14
younger age than their Europe counterparts. 15
Less noted but equally more significant, the man and women 16
who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 17
the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact
to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 18
as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 19
dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,
the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent 20
in Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner
and homemaker was not abandoned.

答案： that→those

问答题

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.

答案： be→is

问答题

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U. S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to
committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific 21
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 22
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 23
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 24
and to make out detailed studies of issues. 25
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most 26
committee hearings are open to public and are reported 27
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 28
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. 29
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of
these who give false testimony. 30

答案： nevertheless→therefore或thus

问答题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments’ heavily investing in common 31
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 32
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 33
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 34
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 35
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, 36
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 37
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 38
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 39
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of
the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the
best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries
earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust
authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the
best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give
discounts on their best customer. 40

答案： eliminate→eliminating

问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation
comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt ’naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is 1
learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2
speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3
shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4
voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something
which we almost always know. We begin the 5
’natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read
or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many
more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is "natural", 8
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding
a community and giving a sense of "belonging". 9
We learn quite early to recognize a "stranger", someone who speaks
with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10

答案： community∧→together

问答题

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period
were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought
down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth
rate to a twentieth century height after more than a 11
hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom". 12
The young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively
large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 13
temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 14
younger age than their Europe counterparts. 15
Less noted but equally more significant, the man and women 16
who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 17
the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact
to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 18
as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 19
dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,
the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent 20
in Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner
and homemaker was not abandoned.

答案： Since→Although(或While)

问答题

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U. S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to
committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific 21
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 22
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 23
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 24
and to make out detailed studies of issues. 25
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most 26
committee hearings are open to public and are reported 27
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 28
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. 29
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of
these who give false testimony. 30

答案： citizenry→citizens

问答题

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.

答案： genetic→genetically

问答题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments’ heavily investing in common 31
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 32
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 33
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 34
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 35
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, 36
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 37
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 38
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 39
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of
the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the
best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries
earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust
authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the
best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give
discounts on their best customer. 40

答案： shorten→reduce或weaken

问答题

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation
comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that
pronunciation is learnt ’naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography is 1
learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain
throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2
speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3
shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4
voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something
which we almost always know. We begin the 5
’natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read
or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6
imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many
more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7
learning even our difficult English spelling. This is "natural", 8
therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;
after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding
a community and giving a sense of "belonging". 9
We learn quite early to recognize a "stranger", someone who speaks
with an accent of a different community—perhaps only a few miles far. 10

答案： far→away

问答题

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar period
were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought
down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought the birth
rate to a twentieth century height after more than a 11
hundred years of a steady decline, producing the "baby boom". 12
The young adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively
large families that went for more than two decades and caused a major but 13
temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. From the 1940s
through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a 14
younger age than their Europe counterparts. 15
Less noted but equally more significant, the man and women 16
who formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced 17
the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact
to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier 18
as well as later decades. Since the United States maintained its 19
dubious distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,
the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent 20
in Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner
and homemaker was not abandoned.

答案： in→to

问答题

One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U. S Congress
is the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to
committees—either standing committees, special committees set for a specific 21
purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 22
Investigations are held to gather information on the need for
future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,
to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and
officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 23
groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees
rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 24
and to make out detailed studies of issues. 25
There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One
is the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most 26
committee hearings are open to public and are reported 27
widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations
nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers 28
to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. 29
Congressional committees also have the power to compel
testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contempt
of Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjury of
these who give false testimony. 30

答案： these→those

问答题

When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world
it has two things in common with any infant, provided neither of them 41
have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. Firstly, and most 42
obviously, new born children are completely helpless. Apart from a powerful
capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, there is nothing 43
the new born child can do to ensure his own survival Without care from some
other human being or beings, be it mother, grandmother, or human group, a
child is very unlikely to survive. This helplessness of human infants is in marked
contrast with the capacity of many new born animals to get on their feet within 44
minutes of birth and run with the herd within a few hours. Although young
animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, 45
compared with the human infant, they very
quickly develop the capacity to fend for them. 46
It is during this very long period in which the human infant is totally dependent
on the others that it reveals the second feature which it shares with all 47
other undamaged human infants, a capacity to learn language. For this reason,
biologists now suggest that language be "species specific" to the human race, 48
that is to say, they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in 49
such way that it can acquire language. This suggestion implies that just 50
as human beings are designed to see three-dimensionally and in color and just
as they are designed to stand upright rather than to move on all fours, so they
are designed to learn and use language as part of their normal development as
well-formed human beings.

答案：在such way中间加入a

问答题

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep
tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,
very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because
of a loss in value of university endowments’ heavily investing in common 31
stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes
its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 32
outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 33
business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty 34
increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being
in the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factor in 35
graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one’s job prospects, 36
the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,
in order to make oneself more marketable.
The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 37
include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students
a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 38
Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as
customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 39
rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of
the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the
best athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries
earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust
authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the
best students, by agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit
rather than purely of need—just like business firms agreeing not to give
discounts on their best customer. 40

答案： on→to

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