They decided to go to a really good ho...

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中选出最佳选项。
A

Mr. and Mrs. Smith had always spent their summer holidays in New Jersey (新泽西) in the past, staying in a small inn (旅店) at the foot of a hill. One year, however, Mr. Smith made a lot of money in his business. So they decided to go to London and stay at a really good hotel while they went travelling around that famous city.
They flew to London and arrived at their hotel late one evening. They expected that they would have to go to bed hungry, because in that small inn in New Jersey, no meals were served (提供) after seven. They were surprised when the man who received them in the hall asked whether they would take dinner there that night.
"Are you still serving dinner" asked Mr. Smith.
"Yes, certainly, sir. " answered the man. "We serve breakfast from seven to half past eleven in the morning, lunch from twelve to three in the afternoon, tea from four to five, and dinner from six to half past nine. "
"But that hardly leaves any time for us to see the sights (风景) of London. "said Mrs. Smith.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith ______ in the past.

A．had often stayed in a big hotel in New Jersey
B．had travelled to many places
C．had always spent their summer holidays in New Jersey
D．had made a lot of money

单项选择题

B

We have a rather small house, with only one spare (多余的) bedroom. You can imagine (想象) our alarm (惊恐) when Aunt Clara wrote to say that she was coming with her children to stay for the weekend. Her family was not a small one, with four boys all under the age of twelve.
I sent off a telegram (电报) at once, explaining that our house was too small. Aunt Clara called us up the next morning. "I forgot to mention (提到) to you, "she said in her sweetest voice, "the boys will be bringing their tents (帐篷) . "
Even so, my wife was still worried. It was true we had a large garden, but there was still the problem of feeding (喂养) four growing boys.
"And what if it rains " she added.
Luckily Saturday morning turned out to be bright and clear when I went to the station to meet Aunt Clara. I pushed the boys, together with the luggage (行李) , into the back of the car, with great difficulty of course. The youngest sat in front, with Aunt Clara and me.
On the way home. I talked over the shoulder (肩) to David, the eldest boy, "I didn’t see your tents among your luggage"
"The tents! " cried David. " My God! We left them at home."
We were not glad to have Aunt Clara’s family with us because ______.

A．she and four boys
B．our house was small
C．it was the weekend
D．her family was not small

单项选择题

C

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep". Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven."
Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping", says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an" American sleep debt "which one member said was important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon.
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate". Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.
We superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather,we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.
It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is ______.

A．unreasonable
B．criminal
C．harmful
D．costly

单项选择题

D

Many small cultural groups live in places far away from modern cities. Some of these tribes have never had any communication outside of their small areas. When they do contact the outside world, their lives usually change. Learning how to change without losing the best of their own cultures is a problem for them.
One native tribe in New Guinea has a difficult situation. The people of the tribe are being pulled in two ways. Copper has been discovered under the land where they have lived for centuries. Developers want to take the copper out of the ground, to mine it. The tribe needs the money that a copper mine would bring. The problem is that the copper is directly under the most important building of their society. These buildings are a necessary part of their religion. How can the copper be mined without changing their religion A group of people are trying to help the tribe to learn to communicate with the rest of the world. Cultural Survival, Inc, is the name of the group. The people are anthropologists, scientists who study cultures. The organization wants to teach them how to live in the modern world.
There is another organization like this in London. It is called Survival International. One in Copenhagen is called the International Workshop for Local Affairs. These two groups have joined with Cultural Survival Inc. to help people become used to modern culture.
These organizations work with another kind of problem, too. Sometimes a central government does not consider the needs of local people in developing new projects. Often they suffer a great loss and Cultural Survival, Inc. helps them. Cultural Survival Inc. and its sister organizations also give advice about tourism (旅游业). The tourist business can cause problems. Many small societies need to earn money, but a large group of visitors can hurt their culture. Also the local people could use the help of Cultural Survival, Incorporated.
The passage mainly discusses about ______.

A．how Cultural Survival, Inc. helped a tribe to solve the problem of copper mining
B．why local cultures should be saved
C．the work of Cultural Survival, Inc
D．the difficulties in saving local cultures

单项选择题

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中选出最佳选项。
A

Mr. and Mrs. Smith had always spent their summer holidays in New Jersey (新泽西) in the past, staying in a small inn (旅店) at the foot of a hill. One year, however, Mr. Smith made a lot of money in his business. So they decided to go to London and stay at a really good hotel while they went travelling around that famous city.
They flew to London and arrived at their hotel late one evening. They expected that they would have to go to bed hungry, because in that small inn in New Jersey, no meals were served (提供) after seven. They were surprised when the man who received them in the hall asked whether they would take dinner there that night.
"Are you still serving dinner" asked Mr. Smith.
"Yes, certainly, sir. " answered the man. "We serve breakfast from seven to half past eleven in the morning, lunch from twelve to three in the afternoon, tea from four to five, and dinner from six to half past nine. "
"But that hardly leaves any time for us to see the sights (风景) of London. "said Mrs. Smith.
They decided to go to a really good hotel because ______.

A．it was famous
B．it was difficult to find a cheap hotel
C．it was near many interesting places
D．they now had enough money

单项选择题

B

We have a rather small house, with only one spare (多余的) bedroom. You can imagine (想象) our alarm (惊恐) when Aunt Clara wrote to say that she was coming with her children to stay for the weekend. Her family was not a small one, with four boys all under the age of twelve.
I sent off a telegram (电报) at once, explaining that our house was too small. Aunt Clara called us up the next morning. "I forgot to mention (提到) to you, "she said in her sweetest voice, "the boys will be bringing their tents (帐篷) . "
Even so, my wife was still worried. It was true we had a large garden, but there was still the problem of feeding (喂养) four growing boys.
"And what if it rains " she added.
Luckily Saturday morning turned out to be bright and clear when I went to the station to meet Aunt Clara. I pushed the boys, together with the luggage (行李) , into the back of the car, with great difficulty of course. The youngest sat in front, with Aunt Clara and me.
On the way home. I talked over the shoulder (肩) to David, the eldest boy, "I didn’t see your tents among your luggage"
"The tents! " cried David. " My God! We left them at home."
Aunt Clara called us to say that her sons would stay ______.

A．in the garden
B．in the spare room
C．home
D．in the car

单项选择题

C

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep". Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven."
Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping", says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an" American sleep debt "which one member said was important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon.
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate". Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.
We superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather,we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.
The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans ______.

A．don’t like to take naps
B．are terribly worried about their national debt
C．sleep less than is good for them
D．have caused many industrial and traffic accidents

单项选择题

D

Many small cultural groups live in places far away from modern cities. Some of these tribes have never had any communication outside of their small areas. When they do contact the outside world, their lives usually change. Learning how to change without losing the best of their own cultures is a problem for them.
One native tribe in New Guinea has a difficult situation. The people of the tribe are being pulled in two ways. Copper has been discovered under the land where they have lived for centuries. Developers want to take the copper out of the ground, to mine it. The tribe needs the money that a copper mine would bring. The problem is that the copper is directly under the most important building of their society. These buildings are a necessary part of their religion. How can the copper be mined without changing their religion A group of people are trying to help the tribe to learn to communicate with the rest of the world. Cultural Survival, Inc, is the name of the group. The people are anthropologists, scientists who study cultures. The organization wants to teach them how to live in the modern world.
There is another organization like this in London. It is called Survival International. One in Copenhagen is called the International Workshop for Local Affairs. These two groups have joined with Cultural Survival Inc. to help people become used to modern culture.
These organizations work with another kind of problem, too. Sometimes a central government does not consider the needs of local people in developing new projects. Often they suffer a great loss and Cultural Survival, Inc. helps them. Cultural Survival Inc. and its sister organizations also give advice about tourism (旅游业). The tourist business can cause problems. Many small societies need to earn money, but a large group of visitors can hurt their culture. Also the local people could use the help of Cultural Survival, Incorporated.
In contact with the outside world, a small cultural group should ______.

A．learn something while keeping something of its own
B．remain what they used to be
C．change itself as more, as it can
D．be careful in order not to be cheated

单项选择题

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中选出最佳选项。
A

Mr. and Mrs. Smith had always spent their summer holidays in New Jersey (新泽西) in the past, staying in a small inn (旅店) at the foot of a hill. One year, however, Mr. Smith made a lot of money in his business. So they decided to go to London and stay at a really good hotel while they went travelling around that famous city.
They flew to London and arrived at their hotel late one evening. They expected that they would have to go to bed hungry, because in that small inn in New Jersey, no meals were served (提供) after seven. They were surprised when the man who received them in the hall asked whether they would take dinner there that night.
"Are you still serving dinner" asked Mr. Smith.
"Yes, certainly, sir. " answered the man. "We serve breakfast from seven to half past eleven in the morning, lunch from twelve to three in the afternoon, tea from four to five, and dinner from six to half past nine. "
"But that hardly leaves any time for us to see the sights (风景) of London. "said Mrs. Smith.
When they arrived at the hotel, they found ______.

A．no meals were served after seven
B．dinner was still being served
C．their plane had arrived too late
D．they had to go to bed hungry

单项选择题

B

We have a rather small house, with only one spare (多余的) bedroom. You can imagine (想象) our alarm (惊恐) when Aunt Clara wrote to say that she was coming with her children to stay for the weekend. Her family was not a small one, with four boys all under the age of twelve.
I sent off a telegram (电报) at once, explaining that our house was too small. Aunt Clara called us up the next morning. "I forgot to mention (提到) to you, "she said in her sweetest voice, "the boys will be bringing their tents (帐篷) . "
Even so, my wife was still worried. It was true we had a large garden, but there was still the problem of feeding (喂养) four growing boys.
"And what if it rains " she added.
Luckily Saturday morning turned out to be bright and clear when I went to the station to meet Aunt Clara. I pushed the boys, together with the luggage (行李) , into the back of the car, with great difficulty of course. The youngest sat in front, with Aunt Clara and me.
On the way home. I talked over the shoulder (肩) to David, the eldest boy, "I didn’t see your tents among your luggage"
"The tents! " cried David. " My God! We left them at home."
My wife was still worried because ______.

A．it was going to rain
B．we had a large garden
C．it was hard to feed so many people
D．Aunt Clara had a sweet voice

单项选择题

C

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep". Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven."
Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping", says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an" American sleep debt "which one member said was important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon.
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate". Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.
We superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather,we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.
The purpose of this article is to ______.

A．warn us of the wickedness of napping
B．explain the danger of sleepiness
C．discuss the side effects of napping
D．convince the reader of the necessity of napping

单项选择题

E

Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea."
Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans " had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测探) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book the Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way, In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on a (n) ______.

A．academic aspect
B．military aspect
C．business aspect
D．international aspect

单项选择题

E

Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea."
Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans " had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测探) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book the Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way, In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
It was ______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.

A．the American Navy
B．some early intercontinental travelers
C．those who earned a living from the sea
D．the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable

单项选择题

B

We have a rather small house, with only one spare (多余的) bedroom. You can imagine (想象) our alarm (惊恐) when Aunt Clara wrote to say that she was coming with her children to stay for the weekend. Her family was not a small one, with four boys all under the age of twelve.
I sent off a telegram (电报) at once, explaining that our house was too small. Aunt Clara called us up the next morning. "I forgot to mention (提到) to you, "she said in her sweetest voice, "the boys will be bringing their tents (帐篷) . "
Even so, my wife was still worried. It was true we had a large garden, but there was still the problem of feeding (喂养) four growing boys.
"And what if it rains " she added.
Luckily Saturday morning turned out to be bright and clear when I went to the station to meet Aunt Clara. I pushed the boys, together with the luggage (行李) , into the back of the car, with great difficulty of course. The youngest sat in front, with Aunt Clara and me.
On the way home. I talked over the shoulder (肩) to David, the eldest boy, "I didn’t see your tents among your luggage"
"The tents! " cried David. " My God! We left them at home."
______people sat in the car.

A．Six
B．Less than six
C．Seven
D．Five

单项选择题

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中选出最佳选项。
A

Mr. and Mrs. Smith had always spent their summer holidays in New Jersey (新泽西) in the past, staying in a small inn (旅店) at the foot of a hill. One year, however, Mr. Smith made a lot of money in his business. So they decided to go to London and stay at a really good hotel while they went travelling around that famous city.
They flew to London and arrived at their hotel late one evening. They expected that they would have to go to bed hungry, because in that small inn in New Jersey, no meals were served (提供) after seven. They were surprised when the man who received them in the hall asked whether they would take dinner there that night.
"Are you still serving dinner" asked Mr. Smith.
"Yes, certainly, sir. " answered the man. "We serve breakfast from seven to half past eleven in the morning, lunch from twelve to three in the afternoon, tea from four to five, and dinner from six to half past nine. "
"But that hardly leaves any time for us to see the sights (风景) of London. "said Mrs. Smith.
When the man told them the times of meals at the hotel. Mrs. Smith felt ______.

A．disappointed
B．tired
C．pleased
D．satisfied

单项选择题

C

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep". Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven."
Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping", says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an" American sleep debt "which one member said was important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon.
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate". Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.
We superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather,we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.
The "American sleep debt" (Line 1, Para. 3) is the result of ______.

A．the traditional misconception have about sleep
B．the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration
C．the rapid development of American industry
D．the Americans’ worry about the danger of sleepness

单项选择题

D

Many small cultural groups live in places far away from modern cities. Some of these tribes have never had any communication outside of their small areas. When they do contact the outside world, their lives usually change. Learning how to change without losing the best of their own cultures is a problem for them.
One native tribe in New Guinea has a difficult situation. The people of the tribe are being pulled in two ways. Copper has been discovered under the land where they have lived for centuries. Developers want to take the copper out of the ground, to mine it. The tribe needs the money that a copper mine would bring. The problem is that the copper is directly under the most important building of their society. These buildings are a necessary part of their religion. How can the copper be mined without changing their religion A group of people are trying to help the tribe to learn to communicate with the rest of the world. Cultural Survival, Inc, is the name of the group. The people are anthropologists, scientists who study cultures. The organization wants to teach them how to live in the modern world.
There is another organization like this in London. It is called Survival International. One in Copenhagen is called the International Workshop for Local Affairs. These two groups have joined with Cultural Survival Inc. to help people become used to modern culture.
These organizations work with another kind of problem, too. Sometimes a central government does not consider the needs of local people in developing new projects. Often they suffer a great loss and Cultural Survival, Inc. helps them. Cultural Survival Inc. and its sister organizations also give advice about tourism (旅游业). The tourist business can cause problems. Many small societies need to earn money, but a large group of visitors can hurt their culture. Also the local people could use the help of Cultural Survival, Incorporated.
Why does the copper discovered in a native tribe in New Guinea give rise to a problem Because ______.

A．it will soon be mined
B．it will bring money for the tribe
C．it is too for mining
D．the mining of the copper will affect the tribe’s religion

单项选择题

E

Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea."
Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans " had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测探) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book the Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way, In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was to ______

A．make some sounding experiments in the oceans
B．collect samples of sea plants and animals
C．estimate the length of cable that was needed
D．measure the depths of the two oceans

单项选择题

D

Many small cultural groups live in places far away from modern cities. Some of these tribes have never had any communication outside of their small areas. When they do contact the outside world, their lives usually change. Learning how to change without losing the best of their own cultures is a problem for them.
One native tribe in New Guinea has a difficult situation. The people of the tribe are being pulled in two ways. Copper has been discovered under the land where they have lived for centuries. Developers want to take the copper out of the ground, to mine it. The tribe needs the money that a copper mine would bring. The problem is that the copper is directly under the most important building of their society. These buildings are a necessary part of their religion. How can the copper be mined without changing their religion A group of people are trying to help the tribe to learn to communicate with the rest of the world. Cultural Survival, Inc, is the name of the group. The people are anthropologists, scientists who study cultures. The organization wants to teach them how to live in the modern world.
There is another organization like this in London. It is called Survival International. One in Copenhagen is called the International Workshop for Local Affairs. These two groups have joined with Cultural Survival Inc. to help people become used to modern culture.
These organizations work with another kind of problem, too. Sometimes a central government does not consider the needs of local people in developing new projects. Often they suffer a great loss and Cultural Survival, Inc. helps them. Cultural Survival Inc. and its sister organizations also give advice about tourism (旅游业). The tourist business can cause problems. Many small societies need to earn money, but a large group of visitors can hurt their culture. Also the local people could use the help of Cultural Survival, Incorporated.
The number of the task of Cultural Survival, Inc. mentioned in the passage is ______.

A．4
B．3
C．2
D．1

单项选择题

E

Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea."
Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans " had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测探) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book the Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way, In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
"Defied" in the 5th paragraph probably means"______".

A．doubted
B．gave proof to
C．challenged
D．agreed to

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