______ As a means of communications, a...

Questions 56-60 are based on the following passage.
Advance notice is often referred to in America as "lead time," an expression which is significant in a culture where schedules are important. While it is learned informally, most of us are familiar with how it works in our own culture, even though we cannot state the rules technically. The rules for lead time in other cultures, however, have rarely been analyzed. At the most they are known by experience to those who lived abroad for some time. Yet think how important it is to know how much time is required to prepare people, or for things to come. Sometimes lead time would seem to be very extended. At other times, in the Middle East, any period longer than a week may be too long.
How troublesome differing ways of handling time can be is well illustrated by the case of an American agriculturalist assigned to duty as an attachê of our embassy in a Latin country， After what seemed to him a suitable period he let it be known that he would like to call on the minister who was his counterpart. For various reasons, the suggested time was not suitable; all sorts of cues came back to the effect that the time was not yet ripe to visit the minister. Our friend, however, persisted and forced an appointment, which was reluctantly granted. Arriving a little before the hour (the American respect pattern), he waited. The hour came and passed; five minutes--ten minutes--fifteen minutes. At this point he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the outer office. This gave him the feeling he had done something concrete and also helped to overcome the great anxiety that was stirring inside him. Twenty minutes--twenty-five minutes--thirty minutes--forty-five minutes (the insult period)!
He jumped up and told the secretary that he had been "cooling his heels" in an outer office for forty-five minutes and he was "damned sick and tired" of this type of treatment. This message was relayed to the minister, who said, in effect, "let him cool his heels." The attachê stay in the country was not a happy one.
The principal source of misunderstanding lay in the fact that in the country in question the five-minute delay interval was not significant. Forty-five minutes, on the other hand, instead of being at the tail end of the waiting scale, was just barely at the beginning. To suggest to an American’s secretary that perhaps her boss didn’t know you were there after waiting sixty seconds would seem absurd, as would raising a storm about "cooling your heels" for five minutes. Yet this is precisely the way the minister registered the complaints of the American in his outer office! He felt, as usual, that Americans were being totally unreasonably.
Throughout this unfortunate episode the attach6 was acting according to the way he had been brought up. At home in the United States his response would have been normal ones and his behavior correct. Yet even if he had been told before he left home that this sort of thing would happen, he would have had difficulty not feeling insulted after he had been kept waiting for forty-five minutes. If, on the other hand, he had been taught the details of the local time system just as he should have been taught the local spoken language, it would have been possible for him to adjust himself accordingly.
Lead time is an important concept of a person’s culture that is ______.

A．learned casually and without planning
B．vague because its rules have not been stated technically
C．not taught formally in the classroom
D．only learned through experience

问答题

Section B
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in a maximum of 10 words.
Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.
Scientists say there has been a severe decrease in the amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa in the last thirty years. They reported that nature and humans share equal blame for this loss.
In 1963, the fresh-water lake covered 25,000 square kilometers. Now the lake is only about five percent of that size. It measures only about 1,300 square kilometers in the dry season.
Four nations surround Lake Chad. People in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon use it for water, fish and plant life.
Michael Coe and Jonathan Foley, water experts at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, reported on Lake Chad in a science journal. They say the area has suffered from a lack of heavy rain for more than thirty years. This has forced people to build systems to carry water to dry land. These irrigation systems further decrease the amount of lake water.
Mr. Coe says Lake Chad will be only a small body of water in the future. He says people still can get water from the lake to drink and for crops. But he says the lake will no longer provide a healthy environment for fish and plant life.
The researchers used a computer to study what caused the water loss. Their computer study estimated the climate and amount of water in the area. The estimate started with written records from the early 1960s. Then the researchers compared the estimates with the area’s recorded climate and water supply for the same period.
The computer study showed results similar to the recorded ones for the first twenty years. But there was a big change in the 1980s. At the time, the lake got smaller much faster than the computer research had estimated.
The researchers say that major irrigation systems were built in the 1980s. The systems took water from two rivers that flow into Lake Chad. The Chari and Logone rivers carry most of the water that enters the lake. Climate changes also were responsible for the reduction. The flow of the two rivers was reduced by almost seventy-five percent.
Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and demand for water continued to increase.The amount of water in Lake Chad is ______。

答案： decreasing

单项选择题

Section A
Directions: There are two passages in this section with 10 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Questions 51-55 are based on the following passage.
Early in the age of affluence that followed World War Ⅱ, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumptions our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."
Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies--Japan and the United States--show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
Over-consumption by the world’s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow--that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Of course, the opposite of over-consumption--poverty--is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction
The emergence of the affluent society after World War Ⅱ ______.

A．gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers
B．gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism
C．led to the reform of the retailing system
D．resulted in the worship of consumerism

问答题

Section D
Directions: You are going to read a passage. Five sentences have been removed from it. Choose from the sentences A-E the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
Questions 73-76 are based on the following passage.
The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. (73) . A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960s, but it was in the 1970s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.
One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1842. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, (74) under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.
Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and (75) designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.
San Antonio, Texas, (76) . Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through the business district.
Sentences:
A. offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay
B. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation.
C. During the 1970s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modem use.
D. public amenities carved out of a massive pile
E. It has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine buildings.

答案： B

单项选择题

Section A
Directions: There are two passages in this section with 10 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Questions 51-55 are based on the following passage.
Early in the age of affluence that followed World War Ⅱ, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumptions our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."
Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies--Japan and the United States--show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
Over-consumption by the world’s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow--that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Of course, the opposite of over-consumption--poverty--is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction
Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is ______.

A．the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals
B．the people’s desire for a rise in their living standards
C．the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption
D．the concept that one’s success is measured by how much they consume

单项选择题

Questions 56-60 are based on the following passage.
Advance notice is often referred to in America as "lead time," an expression which is significant in a culture where schedules are important. While it is learned informally, most of us are familiar with how it works in our own culture, even though we cannot state the rules technically. The rules for lead time in other cultures, however, have rarely been analyzed. At the most they are known by experience to those who lived abroad for some time. Yet think how important it is to know how much time is required to prepare people, or for things to come. Sometimes lead time would seem to be very extended. At other times, in the Middle East, any period longer than a week may be too long.
How troublesome differing ways of handling time can be is well illustrated by the case of an American agriculturalist assigned to duty as an attachê of our embassy in a Latin country， After what seemed to him a suitable period he let it be known that he would like to call on the minister who was his counterpart. For various reasons, the suggested time was not suitable; all sorts of cues came back to the effect that the time was not yet ripe to visit the minister. Our friend, however, persisted and forced an appointment, which was reluctantly granted. Arriving a little before the hour (the American respect pattern), he waited. The hour came and passed; five minutes--ten minutes--fifteen minutes. At this point he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the outer office. This gave him the feeling he had done something concrete and also helped to overcome the great anxiety that was stirring inside him. Twenty minutes--twenty-five minutes--thirty minutes--forty-five minutes (the insult period)!
He jumped up and told the secretary that he had been "cooling his heels" in an outer office for forty-five minutes and he was "damned sick and tired" of this type of treatment. This message was relayed to the minister, who said, in effect, "let him cool his heels." The attachê stay in the country was not a happy one.
The principal source of misunderstanding lay in the fact that in the country in question the five-minute delay interval was not significant. Forty-five minutes, on the other hand, instead of being at the tail end of the waiting scale, was just barely at the beginning. To suggest to an American’s secretary that perhaps her boss didn’t know you were there after waiting sixty seconds would seem absurd, as would raising a storm about "cooling your heels" for five minutes. Yet this is precisely the way the minister registered the complaints of the American in his outer office! He felt, as usual, that Americans were being totally unreasonably.
Throughout this unfortunate episode the attach6 was acting according to the way he had been brought up. At home in the United States his response would have been normal ones and his behavior correct. Yet even if he had been told before he left home that this sort of thing would happen, he would have had difficulty not feeling insulted after he had been kept waiting for forty-five minutes. If, on the other hand, he had been taught the details of the local time system just as he should have been taught the local spoken language, it would have been possible for him to adjust himself accordingly.
For an American, having to wait 15 minutes for an interview is ______.

A．annoying
B．frustrating
C．tolerable
D．unacceptable

问答题

Section C
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 7 statements. Go over the passage quickly. For questions 66-71, mark T (for True) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage," F (for False) if the statement contradicts with information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.
Questions 66-72 are based on the following passage.
Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very large part of the world at large, live. Advertising is necessary as a means of communicating with others. It is also a way of telling people about the goods and services that are offered. If it were not for advertising, some goods information would never reach the ears of many people. Advertising helps a great deal to raise the people’s standard of living.
In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes many other activities such as packaging, shop displays and even the spoken word of the salesman. After all, the roots of advertising are to be found in the market place.
For many years it was thought that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the production of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is essential that we go out and sell what we have to offer, and advertising plays an important role in this respect, whether selling at home or in export markets.
About 2 percent of the U.K. gross national product is spent on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Of course, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article purchased does not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously unlikely that the article will sell well.______ Talking about advertising, one should not merely associate with commercials on the TV and advertisements in the newspaper and magazines.

答案： T

问答题

Section D
Directions: You are going to read a passage. Five sentences have been removed from it. Choose from the sentences A-E the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
Questions 73-76 are based on the following passage.
The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. (73) . A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960s, but it was in the 1970s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.
One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1842. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, (74) under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.
Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and (75) designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.
San Antonio, Texas, (76) . Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through the business district.
Sentences:
A. offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay
B. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation.
C. During the 1970s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modem use.
D. public amenities carved out of a massive pile
E. It has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine buildings.

答案： E

多项选择题

Section B
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in a maximum of 10 words.
Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.
Scientists say there has been a severe decrease in the amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa in the last thirty years. They reported that nature and humans share equal blame for this loss.
In 1963, the fresh-water lake covered 25,000 square kilometers. Now the lake is only about five percent of that size. It measures only about 1,300 square kilometers in the dry season.
Four nations surround Lake Chad. People in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon use it for water, fish and plant life.
Michael Coe and Jonathan Foley, water experts at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, reported on Lake Chad in a science journal. They say the area has suffered from a lack of heavy rain for more than thirty years. This has forced people to build systems to carry water to dry land. These irrigation systems further decrease the amount of lake water.
Mr. Coe says Lake Chad will be only a small body of water in the future. He says people still can get water from the lake to drink and for crops. But he says the lake will no longer provide a healthy environment for fish and plant life.
The researchers used a computer to study what caused the water loss. Their computer study estimated the climate and amount of water in the area. The estimate started with written records from the early 1960s. Then the researchers compared the estimates with the area’s recorded climate and water supply for the same period.
The computer study showed results similar to the recorded ones for the first twenty years. But there was a big change in the 1980s. At the time, the lake got smaller much faster than the computer research had estimated.
The researchers say that major irrigation systems were built in the 1980s. The systems took water from two rivers that flow into Lake Chad. The Chari and Logone rivers carry most of the water that enters the lake. Climate changes also were responsible for the reduction. The flow of the two rivers was reduced by almost seventy-five percent.
Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and demand for water continued to increase.

The change in the size of Lake Chad is caused by the climate, ______ and ______.

问答题

Section C
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 7 statements. Go over the passage quickly. For questions 66-71, mark T (for True) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage," F (for False) if the statement contradicts with information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.
Questions 66-72 are based on the following passage.
Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very large part of the world at large, live. Advertising is necessary as a means of communicating with others. It is also a way of telling people about the goods and services that are offered. If it were not for advertising, some goods information would never reach the ears of many people. Advertising helps a great deal to raise the people’s standard of living.
In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes many other activities such as packaging, shop displays and even the spoken word of the salesman. After all, the roots of advertising are to be found in the market place.
For many years it was thought that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the production of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is essential that we go out and sell what we have to offer, and advertising plays an important role in this respect, whether selling at home or in export markets.
About 2 percent of the U.K. gross national product is spent on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Of course, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article purchased does not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously unlikely that the article will sell well.______ All advertisements are trying to push goods to consumers who want them and who don’t want them.

答案： F

单项选择题

Section A
Directions: There are two passages in this section with 10 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Questions 51-55 are based on the following passage.
Early in the age of affluence that followed World War Ⅱ, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumptions our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."
Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies--Japan and the United States--show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
Over-consumption by the world’s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow--that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Of course, the opposite of over-consumption--poverty--is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction
Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing

A．Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.
B．Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.
C．Because over-consumption won’t last long due to unrestricted population growth.
D．Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.

单项选择题

Questions 56-60 are based on the following passage.
Advance notice is often referred to in America as "lead time," an expression which is significant in a culture where schedules are important. While it is learned informally, most of us are familiar with how it works in our own culture, even though we cannot state the rules technically. The rules for lead time in other cultures, however, have rarely been analyzed. At the most they are known by experience to those who lived abroad for some time. Yet think how important it is to know how much time is required to prepare people, or for things to come. Sometimes lead time would seem to be very extended. At other times, in the Middle East, any period longer than a week may be too long.
How troublesome differing ways of handling time can be is well illustrated by the case of an American agriculturalist assigned to duty as an attachê of our embassy in a Latin country， After what seemed to him a suitable period he let it be known that he would like to call on the minister who was his counterpart. For various reasons, the suggested time was not suitable; all sorts of cues came back to the effect that the time was not yet ripe to visit the minister. Our friend, however, persisted and forced an appointment, which was reluctantly granted. Arriving a little before the hour (the American respect pattern), he waited. The hour came and passed; five minutes--ten minutes--fifteen minutes. At this point he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the outer office. This gave him the feeling he had done something concrete and also helped to overcome the great anxiety that was stirring inside him. Twenty minutes--twenty-five minutes--thirty minutes--forty-five minutes (the insult period)!
He jumped up and told the secretary that he had been "cooling his heels" in an outer office for forty-five minutes and he was "damned sick and tired" of this type of treatment. This message was relayed to the minister, who said, in effect, "let him cool his heels." The attachê stay in the country was not a happy one.
The principal source of misunderstanding lay in the fact that in the country in question the five-minute delay interval was not significant. Forty-five minutes, on the other hand, instead of being at the tail end of the waiting scale, was just barely at the beginning. To suggest to an American’s secretary that perhaps her boss didn’t know you were there after waiting sixty seconds would seem absurd, as would raising a storm about "cooling your heels" for five minutes. Yet this is precisely the way the minister registered the complaints of the American in his outer office! He felt, as usual, that Americans were being totally unreasonably.
Throughout this unfortunate episode the attach6 was acting according to the way he had been brought up. At home in the United States his response would have been normal ones and his behavior correct. Yet even if he had been told before he left home that this sort of thing would happen, he would have had difficulty not feeling insulted after he had been kept waiting for forty-five minutes. If, on the other hand, he had been taught the details of the local time system just as he should have been taught the local spoken language, it would have been possible for him to adjust himself accordingly.
Which of the following has the same meaning as "cooling his heels"

A．Standing.
B．Waiting.
C．Sitting.
D．Relaxing.

问答题

Section D
Directions: You are going to read a passage. Five sentences have been removed from it. Choose from the sentences A-E the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
Questions 73-76 are based on the following passage.
The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. (73) . A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960s, but it was in the 1970s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.
One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1842. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, (74) under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.
Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and (75) designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.
San Antonio, Texas, (76) . Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through the business district.
Sentences:
A. offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay
B. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation.
C. During the 1970s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modem use.
D. public amenities carved out of a massive pile
E. It has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine buildings.

答案： D

问答题

Section B
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in a maximum of 10 words.
Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.
Scientists say there has been a severe decrease in the amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa in the last thirty years. They reported that nature and humans share equal blame for this loss.
In 1963, the fresh-water lake covered 25,000 square kilometers. Now the lake is only about five percent of that size. It measures only about 1,300 square kilometers in the dry season.
Four nations surround Lake Chad. People in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon use it for water, fish and plant life.
Michael Coe and Jonathan Foley, water experts at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, reported on Lake Chad in a science journal. They say the area has suffered from a lack of heavy rain for more than thirty years. This has forced people to build systems to carry water to dry land. These irrigation systems further decrease the amount of lake water.
Mr. Coe says Lake Chad will be only a small body of water in the future. He says people still can get water from the lake to drink and for crops. But he says the lake will no longer provide a healthy environment for fish and plant life.
The researchers used a computer to study what caused the water loss. Their computer study estimated the climate and amount of water in the area. The estimate started with written records from the early 1960s. Then the researchers compared the estimates with the area’s recorded climate and water supply for the same period.
The computer study showed results similar to the recorded ones for the first twenty years. But there was a big change in the 1980s. At the time, the lake got smaller much faster than the computer research had estimated.
The researchers say that major irrigation systems were built in the 1980s. The systems took water from two rivers that flow into Lake Chad. The Chari and Logone rivers carry most of the water that enters the lake. Climate changes also were responsible for the reduction. The flow of the two rivers was reduced by almost seventy-five percent.
Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and demand for water continued to increase.The water from Lake Chad is no longer environmental appropriate for ______.

答案： fish and plant life

问答题

Section C
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 7 statements. Go over the passage quickly. For questions 66-71, mark T (for True) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage," F (for False) if the statement contradicts with information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.
Questions 66-72 are based on the following passage.
Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very large part of the world at large, live. Advertising is necessary as a means of communicating with others. It is also a way of telling people about the goods and services that are offered. If it were not for advertising, some goods information would never reach the ears of many people. Advertising helps a great deal to raise the people’s standard of living.
In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes many other activities such as packaging, shop displays and even the spoken word of the salesman. After all, the roots of advertising are to be found in the market place.
For many years it was thought that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the production of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is essential that we go out and sell what we have to offer, and advertising plays an important role in this respect, whether selling at home or in export markets.
About 2 percent of the U.K. gross national product is spent on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Of course, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article purchased does not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously unlikely that the article will sell well.______ As a means of communications, advertising tells people the products and services being offered.

答案： T

单项选择题

Section A
Directions: There are two passages in this section with 10 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Questions 51-55 are based on the following passage.
Early in the age of affluence that followed World War Ⅱ, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumptions our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."
Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies--Japan and the United States--show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
Over-consumption by the world’s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow--that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Of course, the opposite of over-consumption--poverty--is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction
According to the passage, consumerist culture ______.

A．cannot thrive on a fragile economy
B．will not aggravate environmental problems
C．cannot satisfy human spiritual need
D．will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries

单项选择题

Questions 56-60 are based on the following passage.
Advance notice is often referred to in America as "lead time," an expression which is significant in a culture where schedules are important. While it is learned informally, most of us are familiar with how it works in our own culture, even though we cannot state the rules technically. The rules for lead time in other cultures, however, have rarely been analyzed. At the most they are known by experience to those who lived abroad for some time. Yet think how important it is to know how much time is required to prepare people, or for things to come. Sometimes lead time would seem to be very extended. At other times, in the Middle East, any period longer than a week may be too long.
How troublesome differing ways of handling time can be is well illustrated by the case of an American agriculturalist assigned to duty as an attachê of our embassy in a Latin country， After what seemed to him a suitable period he let it be known that he would like to call on the minister who was his counterpart. For various reasons, the suggested time was not suitable; all sorts of cues came back to the effect that the time was not yet ripe to visit the minister. Our friend, however, persisted and forced an appointment, which was reluctantly granted. Arriving a little before the hour (the American respect pattern), he waited. The hour came and passed; five minutes--ten minutes--fifteen minutes. At this point he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the outer office. This gave him the feeling he had done something concrete and also helped to overcome the great anxiety that was stirring inside him. Twenty minutes--twenty-five minutes--thirty minutes--forty-five minutes (the insult period)!
He jumped up and told the secretary that he had been "cooling his heels" in an outer office for forty-five minutes and he was "damned sick and tired" of this type of treatment. This message was relayed to the minister, who said, in effect, "let him cool his heels." The attachê stay in the country was not a happy one.
The principal source of misunderstanding lay in the fact that in the country in question the five-minute delay interval was not significant. Forty-five minutes, on the other hand, instead of being at the tail end of the waiting scale, was just barely at the beginning. To suggest to an American’s secretary that perhaps her boss didn’t know you were there after waiting sixty seconds would seem absurd, as would raising a storm about "cooling your heels" for five minutes. Yet this is precisely the way the minister registered the complaints of the American in his outer office! He felt, as usual, that Americans were being totally unreasonably.
Throughout this unfortunate episode the attach6 was acting according to the way he had been brought up. At home in the United States his response would have been normal ones and his behavior correct. Yet even if he had been told before he left home that this sort of thing would happen, he would have had difficulty not feeling insulted after he had been kept waiting for forty-five minutes. If, on the other hand, he had been taught the details of the local time system just as he should have been taught the local spoken language, it would have been possible for him to adjust himself accordingly.
In that particular Latin American country, letting people wait for 45 minutes is considered ______.

A．unreasonable
B．impolite
C．objectionable
D．quite normal

问答题

Section D
Directions: You are going to read a passage. Five sentences have been removed from it. Choose from the sentences A-E the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
Questions 73-76 are based on the following passage.
The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. (73) . A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960s, but it was in the 1970s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.
One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1842. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, (74) under the design leadership of Benjamin Thompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.
Butler Square, in Minneapolis, exemplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and (75) designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.
San Antonio, Texas, (76) . Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through the business district.
Sentences:
A. offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay
B. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation.
C. During the 1970s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modem use.
D. public amenities carved out of a massive pile
E. It has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine buildings.

答案： A

问答题

Section B
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in a maximum of 10 words.
Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.
Scientists say there has been a severe decrease in the amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa in the last thirty years. They reported that nature and humans share equal blame for this loss.
In 1963, the fresh-water lake covered 25,000 square kilometers. Now the lake is only about five percent of that size. It measures only about 1,300 square kilometers in the dry season.
Four nations surround Lake Chad. People in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon use it for water, fish and plant life.
Michael Coe and Jonathan Foley, water experts at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, reported on Lake Chad in a science journal. They say the area has suffered from a lack of heavy rain for more than thirty years. This has forced people to build systems to carry water to dry land. These irrigation systems further decrease the amount of lake water.
Mr. Coe says Lake Chad will be only a small body of water in the future. He says people still can get water from the lake to drink and for crops. But he says the lake will no longer provide a healthy environment for fish and plant life.
The researchers used a computer to study what caused the water loss. Their computer study estimated the climate and amount of water in the area. The estimate started with written records from the early 1960s. Then the researchers compared the estimates with the area’s recorded climate and water supply for the same period.
The computer study showed results similar to the recorded ones for the first twenty years. But there was a big change in the 1980s. At the time, the lake got smaller much faster than the computer research had estimated.
The researchers say that major irrigation systems were built in the 1980s. The systems took water from two rivers that flow into Lake Chad. The Chari and Logone rivers carry most of the water that enters the lake. Climate changes also were responsible for the reduction. The flow of the two rivers was reduced by almost seventy-five percent.
Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and demand for water continued to increase.When did the scientists find that Lake Chad got smaller much faster

答案： in the 1980s

问答题

Section B
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in a maximum of 10 words.
Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.
Scientists say there has been a severe decrease in the amount of water in Lake Chad in northern Africa in the last thirty years. They reported that nature and humans share equal blame for this loss.
In 1963, the fresh-water lake covered 25,000 square kilometers. Now the lake is only about five percent of that size. It measures only about 1,300 square kilometers in the dry season.
Four nations surround Lake Chad. People in Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Cameroon use it for water, fish and plant life.
Michael Coe and Jonathan Foley, water experts at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, reported on Lake Chad in a science journal. They say the area has suffered from a lack of heavy rain for more than thirty years. This has forced people to build systems to carry water to dry land. These irrigation systems further decrease the amount of lake water.
Mr. Coe says Lake Chad will be only a small body of water in the future. He says people still can get water from the lake to drink and for crops. But he says the lake will no longer provide a healthy environment for fish and plant life.
The researchers used a computer to study what caused the water loss. Their computer study estimated the climate and amount of water in the area. The estimate started with written records from the early 1960s. Then the researchers compared the estimates with the area’s recorded climate and water supply for the same period.
The computer study showed results similar to the recorded ones for the first twenty years. But there was a big change in the 1980s. At the time, the lake got smaller much faster than the computer research had estimated.
The researchers say that major irrigation systems were built in the 1980s. The systems took water from two rivers that flow into Lake Chad. The Chari and Logone rivers carry most of the water that enters the lake. Climate changes also were responsible for the reduction. The flow of the two rivers was reduced by almost seventy-five percent.
Scientists say the problem is expected to worsen in the coming years as the population and demand for water continued to increase.The water that the Chari and Logone rivers carry is now ______ percent of the flow of the past.

答案： twenty-five

问答题

Section C
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 7 statements. Go over the passage quickly. For questions 66-71, mark T (for True) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage," F (for False) if the statement contradicts with information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.
Questions 66-72 are based on the following passage.
Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very large part of the world at large, live. Advertising is necessary as a means of communicating with others. It is also a way of telling people about the goods and services that are offered. If it were not for advertising, some goods information would never reach the ears of many people. Advertising helps a great deal to raise the people’s standard of living.
In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes many other activities such as packaging, shop displays and even the spoken word of the salesman. After all, the roots of advertising are to be found in the market place.
For many years it was thought that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the production of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is essential that we go out and sell what we have to offer, and advertising plays an important role in this respect, whether selling at home or in export markets.
About 2 percent of the U.K. gross national product is spent on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Of course, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article purchased does not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously unlikely that the article will sell well.______ Well-designed packaging is not a form of advertising.

答案： F

单项选择题

Section A
Directions: There are two passages in this section with 10 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Questions 51-55 are based on the following passage.
Early in the age of affluence that followed World War Ⅱ, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumptions our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."
Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the world has followed.
Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies--Japan and the United States--show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
Over-consumption by the world’s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.
Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow--that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Of course, the opposite of over-consumption--poverty--is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction
It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A．human spiritual needs should match material affluence
B．there is never an end to satisfying people’s material needs
C．whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issue
D．how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problem

单项选择题

Questions 56-60 are based on the following passage.
Advance notice is often referred to in America as "lead time," an expression which is significant in a culture where schedules are important. While it is learned informally, most of us are familiar with how it works in our own culture, even though we cannot state the rules technically. The rules for lead time in other cultures, however, have rarely been analyzed. At the most they are known by experience to those who lived abroad for some time. Yet think how important it is to know how much time is required to prepare people, or for things to come. Sometimes lead time would seem to be very extended. At other times, in the Middle East, any period longer than a week may be too long.
How troublesome differing ways of handling time can be is well illustrated by the case of an American agriculturalist assigned to duty as an attachê of our embassy in a Latin country， After what seemed to him a suitable period he let it be known that he would like to call on the minister who was his counterpart. For various reasons, the suggested time was not suitable; all sorts of cues came back to the effect that the time was not yet ripe to visit the minister. Our friend, however, persisted and forced an appointment, which was reluctantly granted. Arriving a little before the hour (the American respect pattern), he waited. The hour came and passed; five minutes--ten minutes--fifteen minutes. At this point he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the outer office. This gave him the feeling he had done something concrete and also helped to overcome the great anxiety that was stirring inside him. Twenty minutes--twenty-five minutes--thirty minutes--forty-five minutes (the insult period)!
He jumped up and told the secretary that he had been "cooling his heels" in an outer office for forty-five minutes and he was "damned sick and tired" of this type of treatment. This message was relayed to the minister, who said, in effect, "let him cool his heels." The attachê stay in the country was not a happy one.
The principal source of misunderstanding lay in the fact that in the country in question the five-minute delay interval was not significant. Forty-five minutes, on the other hand, instead of being at the tail end of the waiting scale, was just barely at the beginning. To suggest to an American’s secretary that perhaps her boss didn’t know you were there after waiting sixty seconds would seem absurd, as would raising a storm about "cooling your heels" for five minutes. Yet this is precisely the way the minister registered the complaints of the American in his outer office! He felt, as usual, that Americans were being totally unreasonably.
Throughout this unfortunate episode the attach6 was acting according to the way he had been brought up. At home in the United States his response would have been normal ones and his behavior correct. Yet even if he had been told before he left home that this sort of thing would happen, he would have had difficulty not feeling insulted after he had been kept waiting for forty-five minutes. If, on the other hand, he had been taught the details of the local time system just as he should have been taught the local spoken language, it would have been possible for him to adjust himself accordingly.
The American diplomat felt insulted because he ______.

A．was unaware of the local time system
B．did not adjust himself to the local life style
C．was not familiar with local tradition
D．did not speak the local language

问答题

Section C
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 7 statements. Go over the passage quickly. For questions 66-71, mark T (for True) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage," F (for False) if the statement contradicts with information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.
Questions 66-72 are based on the following passage.
Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very large part of the world at large, live. Advertising is necessary as a means of communicating with others. It is also a way of telling people about the goods and services that are offered. If it were not for advertising, some goods information would never reach the ears of many people. Advertising helps a great deal to raise the people’s standard of living.
In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes many other activities such as packaging, shop displays and even the spoken word of the salesman. After all, the roots of advertising are to be found in the market place.
For many years it was thought that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the production of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is essential that we go out and sell what we have to offer, and advertising plays an important role in this respect, whether selling at home or in export markets.
About 2 percent of the U.K. gross national product is spent on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Of course, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article purchased does not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously unlikely that the article will sell well.______ Advertising is essential for goods to be sold in foreign country.

答案： T

问答题

Section C
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 7 statements. Go over the passage quickly. For questions 66-71, mark T (for True) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage," F (for False) if the statement contradicts with information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.
Questions 66-72 are based on the following passage.
Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very large part of the world at large, live. Advertising is necessary as a means of communicating with others. It is also a way of telling people about the goods and services that are offered. If it were not for advertising, some goods information would never reach the ears of many people. Advertising helps a great deal to raise the people’s standard of living.
In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes many other activities such as packaging, shop displays and even the spoken word of the salesman. After all, the roots of advertising are to be found in the market place.
For many years it was thought that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the production of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is essential that we go out and sell what we have to offer, and advertising plays an important role in this respect, whether selling at home or in export markets.
About 2 percent of the U.K. gross national product is spent on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Of course, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article purchased does not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously unlikely that the article will sell well.______ An article will sell well as long as it has just-so-so quality and good advertisement.

答案： F

问答题

Section C
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 7 statements. Go over the passage quickly. For questions 66-71, mark T (for True) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage," F (for False) if the statement contradicts with information given in the passage; NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.
Questions 66-72 are based on the following passage.
Although one might not think so from some of the criticism of it, advertising is essential to the kind of society in which people in the United Kingdom, and a very large part of the world at large, live. Advertising is necessary as a means of communicating with others. It is also a way of telling people about the goods and services that are offered. If it were not for advertising, some goods information would never reach the ears of many people. Advertising helps a great deal to raise the people’s standard of living.
In talking about advertising, one should not think only in terms of commercial on television, or an advertisement in the newspapers or periodicals. In its widest sense, advertising includes many other activities such as packaging, shop displays and even the spoken word of the salesman. After all, the roots of advertising are to be found in the market place.
For many years it was thought that it was enough to produce goods and supply services. It is only more recently that it has become increasingly understood that the production of goods is a waste of resources unless those goods can be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span. In the competitive society in which we live, it is essential that we go out and sell what we have to offer, and advertising plays an important role in this respect, whether selling at home or in export markets.
About 2 percent of the U.K. gross national product is spent on advertising. But it must not be thought that this advertising tries to sell goods to consumers who do not want them. Of course, advertising does try to attract the interest of the potential consumer, but if the article purchased does not match up to the standards that the advertising suggests that it will, it is obviously unlikely that the article will sell well.______ Without advertisements, people still can have the information of products through other forms of media.

答案： F

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