单项选择题

Only two years ago, a report that two-thirds of leading American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement for English majors in favor of courses on popular culture and gender studies prompted worries that the playwright — regarded by many left-wing ideologues as the quintessential Dead White Male — was becoming a has-been, a victim of the commissars of political correctness and willfully watered-down curriculums. Today, happily, it’s clear that such reports of Shakespeare’s demise were vastly exaggerated. Shakespeare is still the most produced playwright in 1990’s America, and in England he was recently voted in one BBC poll " the Briton of the Millennium. " There are replicas of the Globe Theater in London and Tokyo, and in Germany his birthday prompts an annual celebration. As the scholar Jonathan Bate("The Genius of Shakespeare")points out, the Bard has become "a world genius" with a "cross-cultural appeal" that defies both the debunking of academic radicals and the stuffy canonization of traditionalists. "Shakespeare in Love" — a witty new movie that works an improvisation on the playwright’s life — was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and shares a nomination for best picture with " Elizabeth," another film(with seven nominations)set against the backdrop of Elizabethan England. These pictures are only the tip of the Shakespeare iceberg. Coming soon are a slew of movies based on his plays, including Julie Taymor’s version of "Titus Andronicus"(with Anthony Hopkins, Alan Cumming and Jessica Lange)and a film adaptation of "A Midsummer Night’s Dream, " starring Calista Flockhart, Michelle Pfeiffer and Kevin Kline. Alicia Silverstone will soon star in Kenneth Branagh’s new musical adaptation of "Love’s Labour’s Lost," while Ethan Hawke will tackle a "Hamlet" set in the corporate world of the 90’s. Certainly the fact that Shakespeare is a brand name, one who neither demands royalties nor contests rewrites, has something to do with his current revival. Yet at the same time there is a latent power to his work that has allowed successive generations of directors, critics and actors to reinvent him continually in their own image and to find new ways(some profound, some forced, some obviously silly)of pointing up his relevance. Restoration critics emphasized his role as a dramatic playwright who addressed public and political issues. Romantics portrayed him, romantically, as the poet of melancholy and love. And modernists have stressed the difficulty of his work, its layered, contradictory meanings.American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement for English majors because the playwright was regarded as______.

A.less attractive as the gender and popular culture figures for young learners
B.a figure of commissars of political correctness on stage
C.just a strong has- been of the left-wing ideologues
D.a typical symbol of Dead White Male
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Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies(or friends)in the absence of language. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups, including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions.(43) The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also—work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles("feedback")are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. " On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons(humorous drawings of people or situations)as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a " stiff" lip suppresses emotional response — as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.According to the passage, stiffening the upper lip may have which of the following effects

A.It first suppresses stress, then intensifies it.
B.It may cause fear and tension in those who see it.
C.It can damage the lip muscles.
D.It may either heighten or reduce emotional response.
单项选择题

Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies(or friends)in the absence of language. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups, including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions.(43) The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also—work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles("feedback")are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. " On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons(humorous drawings of people or situations)as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a " stiff" lip suppresses emotional response — as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order to______.

A.differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of it
B.support Darwin’s theory of evolution
C.contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions
D.provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understood
单项选择题

Only two years ago, a report that two-thirds of leading American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement for English majors in favor of courses on popular culture and gender studies prompted worries that the playwright — regarded by many left-wing ideologues as the quintessential Dead White Male — was becoming a has-been, a victim of the commissars of political correctness and willfully watered-down curriculums. Today, happily, it’s clear that such reports of Shakespeare’s demise were vastly exaggerated. Shakespeare is still the most produced playwright in 1990’s America, and in England he was recently voted in one BBC poll " the Briton of the Millennium. " There are replicas of the Globe Theater in London and Tokyo, and in Germany his birthday prompts an annual celebration. As the scholar Jonathan Bate("The Genius of Shakespeare")points out, the Bard has become "a world genius" with a "cross-cultural appeal" that defies both the debunking of academic radicals and the stuffy canonization of traditionalists. "Shakespeare in Love" — a witty new movie that works an improvisation on the playwright’s life — was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and shares a nomination for best picture with " Elizabeth," another film(with seven nominations)set against the backdrop of Elizabethan England. These pictures are only the tip of the Shakespeare iceberg. Coming soon are a slew of movies based on his plays, including Julie Taymor’s version of "Titus Andronicus"(with Anthony Hopkins, Alan Cumming and Jessica Lange)and a film adaptation of "A Midsummer Night’s Dream, " starring Calista Flockhart, Michelle Pfeiffer and Kevin Kline. Alicia Silverstone will soon star in Kenneth Branagh’s new musical adaptation of "Love’s Labour’s Lost," while Ethan Hawke will tackle a "Hamlet" set in the corporate world of the 90’s. Certainly the fact that Shakespeare is a brand name, one who neither demands royalties nor contests rewrites, has something to do with his current revival. Yet at the same time there is a latent power to his work that has allowed successive generations of directors, critics and actors to reinvent him continually in their own image and to find new ways(some profound, some forced, some obviously silly)of pointing up his relevance. Restoration critics emphasized his role as a dramatic playwright who addressed public and political issues. Romantics portrayed him, romantically, as the poet of melancholy and love. And modernists have stressed the difficulty of his work, its layered, contradictory meanings.From the passage we can deduce that______.

A.Shakespeare has offered a great heritage for cultures and peoples of the world
B.Shakespeare is the greatest historic figure for British culture in its history
C.Shakespeare is remembered as the greatest playwright in English world
D.Shakespeare had made the radicals and id traditionalist annoyed
单项选择题

Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies(or friends)in the absence of language. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups, including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions.(43) The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also—work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles("feedback")are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. " On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons(humorous drawings of people or situations)as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a " stiff" lip suppresses emotional response — as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the second paragraph

A.The Fore were asked to display familiar facial expressions when they told their stories.
B.The Fore exhibited the same relationship of facial expressions and basic emotions that is seen in Western culture when they acted out stories.
C.The Fore’s facial expressions indicated their unwillingness to pretend to be story characters.
D.The Fore were familiar with the facial expressions and basic emotions characters in stories.
单项选择题

Only two years ago, a report that two-thirds of leading American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement for English majors in favor of courses on popular culture and gender studies prompted worries that the playwright — regarded by many left-wing ideologues as the quintessential Dead White Male — was becoming a has-been, a victim of the commissars of political correctness and willfully watered-down curriculums. Today, happily, it’s clear that such reports of Shakespeare’s demise were vastly exaggerated. Shakespeare is still the most produced playwright in 1990’s America, and in England he was recently voted in one BBC poll " the Briton of the Millennium. " There are replicas of the Globe Theater in London and Tokyo, and in Germany his birthday prompts an annual celebration. As the scholar Jonathan Bate("The Genius of Shakespeare")points out, the Bard has become "a world genius" with a "cross-cultural appeal" that defies both the debunking of academic radicals and the stuffy canonization of traditionalists. "Shakespeare in Love" — a witty new movie that works an improvisation on the playwright’s life — was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and shares a nomination for best picture with " Elizabeth," another film(with seven nominations)set against the backdrop of Elizabethan England. These pictures are only the tip of the Shakespeare iceberg. Coming soon are a slew of movies based on his plays, including Julie Taymor’s version of "Titus Andronicus"(with Anthony Hopkins, Alan Cumming and Jessica Lange)and a film adaptation of "A Midsummer Night’s Dream, " starring Calista Flockhart, Michelle Pfeiffer and Kevin Kline. Alicia Silverstone will soon star in Kenneth Branagh’s new musical adaptation of "Love’s Labour’s Lost," while Ethan Hawke will tackle a "Hamlet" set in the corporate world of the 90’s. Certainly the fact that Shakespeare is a brand name, one who neither demands royalties nor contests rewrites, has something to do with his current revival. Yet at the same time there is a latent power to his work that has allowed successive generations of directors, critics and actors to reinvent him continually in their own image and to find new ways(some profound, some forced, some obviously silly)of pointing up his relevance. Restoration critics emphasized his role as a dramatic playwright who addressed public and political issues. Romantics portrayed him, romantically, as the poet of melancholy and love. And modernists have stressed the difficulty of his work, its layered, contradictory meanings.American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement for English majors because the playwright was regarded as______.

A.less attractive as the gender and popular culture figures for young learners
B.a figure of commissars of political correctness on stage
C.just a strong has- been of the left-wing ideologues
D.a typical symbol of Dead White Male
单项选择题

Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies(or friends)in the absence of language. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups, including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions.(43) The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also—work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles("feedback")are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. " On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons(humorous drawings of people or situations)as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a " stiff" lip suppresses emotional response — as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed

A.They would become less intense.
B.They would last longer than usual.
C.They would become more negative.
D.They would cause problems later.
单项选择题

Only two years ago, a report that two-thirds of leading American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement for English majors in favor of courses on popular culture and gender studies prompted worries that the playwright — regarded by many left-wing ideologues as the quintessential Dead White Male — was becoming a has-been, a victim of the commissars of political correctness and willfully watered-down curriculums. Today, happily, it’s clear that such reports of Shakespeare’s demise were vastly exaggerated. Shakespeare is still the most produced playwright in 1990’s America, and in England he was recently voted in one BBC poll " the Briton of the Millennium. " There are replicas of the Globe Theater in London and Tokyo, and in Germany his birthday prompts an annual celebration. As the scholar Jonathan Bate("The Genius of Shakespeare")points out, the Bard has become "a world genius" with a "cross-cultural appeal" that defies both the debunking of academic radicals and the stuffy canonization of traditionalists. "Shakespeare in Love" — a witty new movie that works an improvisation on the playwright’s life — was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and shares a nomination for best picture with " Elizabeth," another film(with seven nominations)set against the backdrop of Elizabethan England. These pictures are only the tip of the Shakespeare iceberg. Coming soon are a slew of movies based on his plays, including Julie Taymor’s version of "Titus Andronicus"(with Anthony Hopkins, Alan Cumming and Jessica Lange)and a film adaptation of "A Midsummer Night’s Dream, " starring Calista Flockhart, Michelle Pfeiffer and Kevin Kline. Alicia Silverstone will soon star in Kenneth Branagh’s new musical adaptation of "Love’s Labour’s Lost," while Ethan Hawke will tackle a "Hamlet" set in the corporate world of the 90’s. Certainly the fact that Shakespeare is a brand name, one who neither demands royalties nor contests rewrites, has something to do with his current revival. Yet at the same time there is a latent power to his work that has allowed successive generations of directors, critics and actors to reinvent him continually in their own image and to find new ways(some profound, some forced, some obviously silly)of pointing up his relevance. Restoration critics emphasized his role as a dramatic playwright who addressed public and political issues. Romantics portrayed him, romantically, as the poet of melancholy and love. And modernists have stressed the difficulty of his work, its layered, contradictory meanings.According to Jonathan Bate, Shakespeare is a figure that______

A.is a global genius because of the scorning words of radicals and traditionalists
B.is celebrated and remembered by the peoples despite the debunking of the extremist
C.is the most productive playwright in American in 1990s
D.had become genius with a public appeal in English as he was selected the Briton of the Millennium
单项选择题

Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universal sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies(or friends)in the absence of language. Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups, including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions.(43) The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense. Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also—work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles("feedback")are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. " On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions. Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons(humorous drawings of people or situations)as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive. Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a " stiff" lip suppresses emotional response — as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.According to the passage, research involving which of the following supported the facial-feedback hypothesis

A.The long-term effects of repressing emotions.
B.The release of neurotransmitters by people during experiments.
C.The reactions of people in experiments to cartoons.
D.The tendency of people in experiments to cooperate.
单项选择题

Only two years ago, a report that two-thirds of leading American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement for English majors in favor of courses on popular culture and gender studies prompted worries that the playwright — regarded by many left-wing ideologues as the quintessential Dead White Male — was becoming a has-been, a victim of the commissars of political correctness and willfully watered-down curriculums. Today, happily, it’s clear that such reports of Shakespeare’s demise were vastly exaggerated. Shakespeare is still the most produced playwright in 1990’s America, and in England he was recently voted in one BBC poll " the Briton of the Millennium. " There are replicas of the Globe Theater in London and Tokyo, and in Germany his birthday prompts an annual celebration. As the scholar Jonathan Bate("The Genius of Shakespeare")points out, the Bard has become "a world genius" with a "cross-cultural appeal" that defies both the debunking of academic radicals and the stuffy canonization of traditionalists. "Shakespeare in Love" — a witty new movie that works an improvisation on the playwright’s life — was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and shares a nomination for best picture with " Elizabeth," another film(with seven nominations)set against the backdrop of Elizabethan England. These pictures are only the tip of the Shakespeare iceberg. Coming soon are a slew of movies based on his plays, including Julie Taymor’s version of "Titus Andronicus"(with Anthony Hopkins, Alan Cumming and Jessica Lange)and a film adaptation of "A Midsummer Night’s Dream, " starring Calista Flockhart, Michelle Pfeiffer and Kevin Kline. Alicia Silverstone will soon star in Kenneth Branagh’s new musical adaptation of "Love’s Labour’s Lost," while Ethan Hawke will tackle a "Hamlet" set in the corporate world of the 90’s. Certainly the fact that Shakespeare is a brand name, one who neither demands royalties nor contests rewrites, has something to do with his current revival. Yet at the same time there is a latent power to his work that has allowed successive generations of directors, critics and actors to reinvent him continually in their own image and to find new ways(some profound, some forced, some obviously silly)of pointing up his relevance. Restoration critics emphasized his role as a dramatic playwright who addressed public and political issues. Romantics portrayed him, romantically, as the poet of melancholy and love. And modernists have stressed the difficulty of his work, its layered, contradictory meanings.Which of the following movies is not of Shakespeare

A.Hamlet
B.Elizabeth
C.A Midsummer Night’s Dream
D.Titus Andronicus
单项选择题

Only two years ago, a report that two-thirds of leading American universities had dropped the Shakespeare requirement for English majors in favor of courses on popular culture and gender studies prompted worries that the playwright — regarded by many left-wing ideologues as the quintessential Dead White Male — was becoming a has-been, a victim of the commissars of political correctness and willfully watered-down curriculums. Today, happily, it’s clear that such reports of Shakespeare’s demise were vastly exaggerated. Shakespeare is still the most produced playwright in 1990’s America, and in England he was recently voted in one BBC poll " the Briton of the Millennium. " There are replicas of the Globe Theater in London and Tokyo, and in Germany his birthday prompts an annual celebration. As the scholar Jonathan Bate("The Genius of Shakespeare")points out, the Bard has become "a world genius" with a "cross-cultural appeal" that defies both the debunking of academic radicals and the stuffy canonization of traditionalists. "Shakespeare in Love" — a witty new movie that works an improvisation on the playwright’s life — was nominated for 13 Academy Awards and shares a nomination for best picture with " Elizabeth," another film(with seven nominations)set against the backdrop of Elizabethan England. These pictures are only the tip of the Shakespeare iceberg. Coming soon are a slew of movies based on his plays, including Julie Taymor’s version of "Titus Andronicus"(with Anthony Hopkins, Alan Cumming and Jessica Lange)and a film adaptation of "A Midsummer Night’s Dream, " starring Calista Flockhart, Michelle Pfeiffer and Kevin Kline. Alicia Silverstone will soon star in Kenneth Branagh’s new musical adaptation of "Love’s Labour’s Lost," while Ethan Hawke will tackle a "Hamlet" set in the corporate world of the 90’s. Certainly the fact that Shakespeare is a brand name, one who neither demands royalties nor contests rewrites, has something to do with his current revival. Yet at the same time there is a latent power to his work that has allowed successive generations of directors, critics and actors to reinvent him continually in their own image and to find new ways(some profound, some forced, some obviously silly)of pointing up his relevance. Restoration critics emphasized his role as a dramatic playwright who addressed public and political issues. Romantics portrayed him, romantically, as the poet of melancholy and love. And modernists have stressed the difficulty of his work, its layered, contradictory meanings.Many artists in various occasions make use of Shakespeare’s masterpieces______.

A.with the imaginations and approaches of various epochs for their own cultures
B.strong violated and strayed the way that Shakespeare created them in his time
C.improved the images and portraits that better than Shakespeare creations
D.exactly portray the way as they were in the 16th century England culture
单项选择题

The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, off the western coast of South America. They are a rocky, lonely spot, but they are also one of the most unusual places in the world. One reason is that they are the home of some of the last giant tortoises left on earth. Weighing hundreds of pounds, these tortoises, or land turtles, wander slowly around the rocks and sand of the islands. Strangely, each of these islands has its own particular kinds of tortoises. There are seven different kinds of tortoises on the eight islands, each kind being slightly different from the other. Hundreds of years ago, thousands of tortoises wandered around these islands. However, all that changed when people started landing there. When people first arrived in 1535, their ships had no refrigerators. This meant that fresh food was always a problem for the sailors on board. The giant tortoises provided a solution to this problem. Ships would anchor off the islands, and crews would row ashore and seize as many tortoises as they could. Once the animals were aboard the ship, the sailors would roll the tortoises onto their backs. The tortoises were completely helpless once on their backs, so they could only lie there until used for soups and stews. Almost 100, 000 tortoises were carried off in this way. The tortoises faced other problems, too. Soon after the first ships, settlers arrived bringing pigs, goats, donkeys, dogs and cats. All of these animals ruined life for the tortoises. Donkey and goats ate all the plants that the tortoises usually fed on, while the pigs. Dogs and cats consumed thousands of baby tortoises each year. Within a few years, it was hard to find any tortoise eggs-or even any baby tortoises. By the early 1900s, people began to worry that the last of the tortoises would soon die out. No one, however, seemed to care enough to do anything about the problem. More and more tortoises disappeared, even though sailors no longer needed them for food. For another fifty years, this situation continued. Finally, in the 1950s, scientist decided that something must be done. The first part of their plan was to get rid of as many cats, dogs and other animals as they could. Next, they tried to make sure that more baby tortoises would be born. To do this, they started looking for wild tortoise eggs. They gathered the eggs and put them in safe containers. When the eggs hatched, the scientists raised the tortoises in special pens. Both the eggs and tortoises were numbered so that the scientists knew exactly which kinds of tortoises they had—and which island they came from. Once the tortoises were old enough and big enough to take care of themselves, the scientists took them back to their islands and set them loose. This slow, hard work continues today, and, thanks to it, the number of tortoises is now increasing every year. Perhaps these wonderful animals will not disappear after all.What happened last

A.The tortoises began to disappear.
B.The number of tortoises began to grow.
C.Scientists took away other animals.
D.Tortoises were taken back to their home islands.
单项选择题

The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, off the western coast of South America. They are a rocky, lonely spot, but they are also one of the most unusual places in the world. One reason is that they are the home of some of the last giant tortoises left on earth. Weighing hundreds of pounds, these tortoises, or land turtles, wander slowly around the rocks and sand of the islands. Strangely, each of these islands has its own particular kinds of tortoises. There are seven different kinds of tortoises on the eight islands, each kind being slightly different from the other. Hundreds of years ago, thousands of tortoises wandered around these islands. However, all that changed when people started landing there. When people first arrived in 1535, their ships had no refrigerators. This meant that fresh food was always a problem for the sailors on board. The giant tortoises provided a solution to this problem. Ships would anchor off the islands, and crews would row ashore and seize as many tortoises as they could. Once the animals were aboard the ship, the sailors would roll the tortoises onto their backs. The tortoises were completely helpless once on their backs, so they could only lie there until used for soups and stews. Almost 100, 000 tortoises were carried off in this way. The tortoises faced other problems, too. Soon after the first ships, settlers arrived bringing pigs, goats, donkeys, dogs and cats. All of these animals ruined life for the tortoises. Donkey and goats ate all the plants that the tortoises usually fed on, while the pigs. Dogs and cats consumed thousands of baby tortoises each year. Within a few years, it was hard to find any tortoise eggs-or even any baby tortoises. By the early 1900s, people began to worry that the last of the tortoises would soon die out. No one, however, seemed to care enough to do anything about the problem. More and more tortoises disappeared, even though sailors no longer needed them for food. For another fifty years, this situation continued. Finally, in the 1950s, scientist decided that something must be done. The first part of their plan was to get rid of as many cats, dogs and other animals as they could. Next, they tried to make sure that more baby tortoises would be born. To do this, they started looking for wild tortoise eggs. They gathered the eggs and put them in safe containers. When the eggs hatched, the scientists raised the tortoises in special pens. Both the eggs and tortoises were numbered so that the scientists knew exactly which kinds of tortoises they had—and which island they came from. Once the tortoises were old enough and big enough to take care of themselves, the scientists took them back to their islands and set them loose. This slow, hard work continues today, and, thanks to it, the number of tortoises is now increasing every year. Perhaps these wonderful animals will not disappear after all.What happened first

A.The tortoise meat was used for soups and stews.
B.Sailors took tortoises aboard ships
C.Pigs had been all tile sailors had to eat.
D.Settlers brought other animals to the islands.
单项选择题

The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, off the western coast of South America. They are a rocky, lonely spot, but they are also one of the most unusual places in the world. One reason is that they are the home of some of the last giant tortoises left on earth. Weighing hundreds of pounds, these tortoises, or land turtles, wander slowly around the rocks and sand of the islands. Strangely, each of these islands has its own particular kinds of tortoises. There are seven different kinds of tortoises on the eight islands, each kind being slightly different from the other. Hundreds of years ago, thousands of tortoises wandered around these islands. However, all that changed when people started landing there. When people first arrived in 1535, their ships had no refrigerators. This meant that fresh food was always a problem for the sailors on board. The giant tortoises provided a solution to this problem. Ships would anchor off the islands, and crews would row ashore and seize as many tortoises as they could. Once the animals were aboard the ship, the sailors would roll the tortoises onto their backs. The tortoises were completely helpless once on their backs, so they could only lie there until used for soups and stews. Almost 100, 000 tortoises were carried off in this way. The tortoises faced other problems, too. Soon after the first ships, settlers arrived bringing pigs, goats, donkeys, dogs and cats. All of these animals ruined life for the tortoises. Donkey and goats ate all the plants that the tortoises usually fed on, while the pigs. Dogs and cats consumed thousands of baby tortoises each year. Within a few years, it was hard to find any tortoise eggs-or even any baby tortoises. By the early 1900s, people began to worry that the last of the tortoises would soon die out. No one, however, seemed to care enough to do anything about the problem. More and more tortoises disappeared, even though sailors no longer needed them for food. For another fifty years, this situation continued. Finally, in the 1950s, scientist decided that something must be done. The first part of their plan was to get rid of as many cats, dogs and other animals as they could. Next, they tried to make sure that more baby tortoises would be born. To do this, they started looking for wild tortoise eggs. They gathered the eggs and put them in safe containers. When the eggs hatched, the scientists raised the tortoises in special pens. Both the eggs and tortoises were numbered so that the scientists knew exactly which kinds of tortoises they had—and which island they came from. Once the tortoises were old enough and big enough to take care of themselves, the scientists took them back to their islands and set them loose. This slow, hard work continues today, and, thanks to it, the number of tortoises is now increasing every year. Perhaps these wonderful animals will not disappear after all.What happened soon after people brought animals to the islands

A.The animals ate the tortoises’ food and eggs.
B.Scientists took away as many animals as they could.
C.Tortoise eggs were kept in safe containers.
D.The tortoises fought with the other animals.
单项选择题

One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate. We know that over the past millennia the climate has undergone major changes without any significant human intervention. We also know that the global climate system is immensely complicated and that everything is in some way connected, and so the system is capable of fluctuating in unexpected ways. We need therefore to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord in order to interpret with confidence the extent to which recent changes are natural as opposed to being the result of human a activities. Instrumental records do not go back far enough to provide us with reliable measurements of global climatic variability on timescales longer than a century. What we do know is that as we include longer time intervals, the record shows increasing evidence of slow swings in climate between different regimes. To build up a better picture of fluctuations appreciably further back in time requires us to use proxy records. Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years. Generally, the layering occurs on an annual basis, hence the observed changes in the records can be dated. Information on temperature, rainfall, and other aspects of the climate that can be inferred from the systematic changes in properties is usually referred to as proxy data. Proxy temperature records have been reconstructed from ice core drilled out of the central Greenland ice cap, calcite shells embedded in layered lake sediments in Western Europe, ocean floor sediment cores from the tropical Atlantic Ocean, ice cores from Peruvian glaciers, and ice cores from eastern Antarctica. While these records provide broadly consistent indications that temperature variations can occur on a global scale, there are nonetheless some intriguing differences, which suggest that the pattern of temperature variations in regional climates can also differ significantly from each other.Scientists are able to reconstruct proxy temperature records by______.

A.Studying regional differences in temperature variations
B.Studying and dating changes in the properties of substances
C.Observing changes in present day climate conditions
D.Inferring past climate shifts from observations of current climatic changes
单项选择题

The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, off the western coast of South America. They are a rocky, lonely spot, but they are also one of the most unusual places in the world. One reason is that they are the home of some of the last giant tortoises left on earth. Weighing hundreds of pounds, these tortoises, or land turtles, wander slowly around the rocks and sand of the islands. Strangely, each of these islands has its own particular kinds of tortoises. There are seven different kinds of tortoises on the eight islands, each kind being slightly different from the other. Hundreds of years ago, thousands of tortoises wandered around these islands. However, all that changed when people started landing there. When people first arrived in 1535, their ships had no refrigerators. This meant that fresh food was always a problem for the sailors on board. The giant tortoises provided a solution to this problem. Ships would anchor off the islands, and crews would row ashore and seize as many tortoises as they could. Once the animals were aboard the ship, the sailors would roll the tortoises onto their backs. The tortoises were completely helpless once on their backs, so they could only lie there until used for soups and stews. Almost 100, 000 tortoises were carried off in this way. The tortoises faced other problems, too. Soon after the first ships, settlers arrived bringing pigs, goats, donkeys, dogs and cats. All of these animals ruined life for the tortoises. Donkey and goats ate all the plants that the tortoises usually fed on, while the pigs. Dogs and cats consumed thousands of baby tortoises each year. Within a few years, it was hard to find any tortoise eggs-or even any baby tortoises. By the early 1900s, people began to worry that the last of the tortoises would soon die out. No one, however, seemed to care enough to do anything about the problem. More and more tortoises disappeared, even though sailors no longer needed them for food. For another fifty years, this situation continued. Finally, in the 1950s, scientist decided that something must be done. The first part of their plan was to get rid of as many cats, dogs and other animals as they could. Next, they tried to make sure that more baby tortoises would be born. To do this, they started looking for wild tortoise eggs. They gathered the eggs and put them in safe containers. When the eggs hatched, the scientists raised the tortoises in special pens. Both the eggs and tortoises were numbered so that the scientists knew exactly which kinds of tortoises they had—and which island they came from. Once the tortoises were old enough and big enough to take care of themselves, the scientists took them back to their islands and set them loose. This slow, hard work continues today, and, thanks to it, the number of tortoises is now increasing every year. Perhaps these wonderful animals will not disappear after all.What happened right after the tortoise eggs hatched

A.The scientists took the tortoises back to their islands.
B.The scientists raised the tortoises in special pens.
C.The scientists got rid of cats, dogs, and other animals.
D.The scientists encouraged the villagers to help.
单项选择题

One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate. We know that over the past millennia the climate has undergone major changes without any significant human intervention. We also know that the global climate system is immensely complicated and that everything is in some way connected, and so the system is capable of fluctuating in unexpected ways. We need therefore to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord in order to interpret with confidence the extent to which recent changes are natural as opposed to being the result of human a activities. Instrumental records do not go back far enough to provide us with reliable measurements of global climatic variability on timescales longer than a century. What we do know is that as we include longer time intervals, the record shows increasing evidence of slow swings in climate between different regimes. To build up a better picture of fluctuations appreciably further back in time requires us to use proxy records. Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years. Generally, the layering occurs on an annual basis, hence the observed changes in the records can be dated. Information on temperature, rainfall, and other aspects of the climate that can be inferred from the systematic changes in properties is usually referred to as proxy data. Proxy temperature records have been reconstructed from ice core drilled out of the central Greenland ice cap, calcite shells embedded in layered lake sediments in Western Europe, ocean floor sediment cores from the tropical Atlantic Ocean, ice cores from Peruvian glaciers, and ice cores from eastern Antarctica. While these records provide broadly consistent indications that temperature variations can occur on a global scale, there are nonetheless some intriguing differences, which suggest that the pattern of temperature variations in regional climates can also differ significantly from each other.Which of the following must we find out in order to determine the impact of human activities upon climate

A.The major changes in climate over the past millennia.
B.The best method for measuring climatic change.
C.The degree to which the climate varies naturally.
D.The millennium when humans began to interfere with the climate.
单项选择题

One of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate. We know that over the past millennia the climate has undergone major changes without any significant human intervention. We also know that the global climate system is immensely complicated and that everything is in some way connected, and so the system is capable of fluctuating in unexpected ways. We need therefore to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord in order to interpret with confidence the extent to which recent changes are natural as opposed to being the result of human a activities. Instrumental records do not go back far enough to provide us with reliable measurements of global climatic variability on timescales longer than a century. What we do know is that as we include longer time intervals, the record shows increasing evidence of slow swings in climate between different regimes. To build up a better picture of fluctuations appreciably further back in time requires us to use proxy records. Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years. Generally, the layering occurs on an annual basis, hence the observed changes in the records can be dated. Information on temperature, rainfall, and other aspects of the climate that can be inferred from the systematic changes in properties is usually referred to as proxy data. Proxy temperature records have been reconstructed from ice core drilled out of the central Greenland ice cap, calcite shells embedded in layered lake sediments in Western Europe, ocean floor sediment cores from the tropical Atlantic Ocean, ice cores from Peruvian glaciers, and ice cores from eastern Antarctica. While these records provide broadly consistent indications that temperature variations can occur on a global scale, there are nonetheless some intriguing differences, which suggest that the pattern of temperature variations in regional climates can also differ significantly from each other.An advantage of proxy records over instrumental records is that______.

A.they are more- reliable measures of climatic variability in the past century
B.they reveal information about the human impact on the climate
C.they provide more-accurate measures of local temperatures
D.they provide information on climate fluctuations further back in time
单项选择题

Scientists formerly assumed that coral populations remained stable, dead polyps being replaced by now ones that build on the "skeletons" left behind. Recent investigations, however, reveal more dynamic processes. Whole sections of a colony may die and not be replaced. This process, known as partial colony mortality, is evident in a series of photographs over time, but often impossible to detect in site because "skeletons" bared by the death of overlying tissue are readily overgrown by other organisms or abraded by grazers. Partial mortality can produce fission the process of a large colony splitting apart into two or more adjacent colonies that presumably have identical genetic makeup. Subsequent lateral growth may unite these colonies in a process called fusion. As a consequence of these three processes, estimates of coral ages based on size are Partial mortality and fission, which reduce colony size, occur more frequently than fusion, and thus estimates of coral age based on colony size are probably far too low.Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage

A.An assumption is stated, processes that undermine that assumption are explained, and an inference is drawn from what has been explained.
B.A scientific problem is examined, reasons why the problem has remained unsolved.
C.Several processes are mentioned, different possible interpretations of those processes are presented and assessed, and a choice of the most satisfactory interpretation is made.
D.Several recently observed natural phenomena are described, their effects on various scientific theories are explained, and the possible consequences of these affects are presented.
单项选择题

Scientists formerly assumed that coral populations remained stable, dead polyps being replaced by now ones that build on the "skeletons" left behind. Recent investigations, however, reveal more dynamic processes. Whole sections of a colony may die and not be replaced. This process, known as partial colony mortality, is evident in a series of photographs over time, but often impossible to detect in site because "skeletons" bared by the death of overlying tissue are readily overgrown by other organisms or abraded by grazers. Partial mortality can produce fission the process of a large colony splitting apart into two or more adjacent colonies that presumably have identical genetic makeup. Subsequent lateral growth may unite these colonies in a process called fusion. As a consequence of these three processes, estimates of coral ages based on size are Partial mortality and fission, which reduce colony size, occur more frequently than fusion, and thus estimates of coral age based on colony size are probably far too low.The primary purpose of the passage is to______.

A.explain the fission and fusion processes that have considerable effect on the life expectancies of coral populations
B.point out the major differences between the three dynamic processes by which coral colonies grow and maintain themselves
C.explain the various dynamic processes undergone by coral colonies which make estimating their ages difficult
D.explain the effects of partial mortality on fission and fusion processes in coral colonies
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