According to the passage, the reason w...

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition (学会) of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills________.

A．should be avoided
B．is universal among parents
C．sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D．will make him lose interest in learning new things

单项选择题

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition (学会) of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.In the process of children’s learning new skills parents________.

A．should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B．should not expect too much of them
C．should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
D．should create as many learning opportunities as possible

单项选择题

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写 ) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its________.

A．wide coverage
B．uniform style
C．speed in reporting news
D．popularity

单项选择题

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition (学会) of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.In moral matters, parents should________.

A．observe the rules themselves
B．be aware of the marked difference between adults and children
C．forbid things which have no foundation in morality
D．consistently ensure the security of their children

单项选择题

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写 ) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the "same" newspaper is that________.

A．people scan for the news they are interested in
B．different people prefer different newspapers
C．people are rarely interested in the same kind of news
D．people have different views about what a good newspaper is

单项选择题

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. " Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven." Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate." Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.We Superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is________.

A．unreasonable
B．criminal
C．harmful
D．costly

单项选择题

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写 ) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers________.

A．apply reading techniques skillfully
B．jump from one newspaper to another
C．appreciate the variety of a newspaper
D．usually read a newspaper selectively

单项选择题

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. " Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven." Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate." Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.We Superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans________.

A．don’t like to take naps
B．are terribly worried about their national debt
C．sleep less than is good for them
D．have caused many industrial and traffic accidents

单项选择题

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写 ) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.A good newspaper offers "a variety" to readers because________.

A．it tries to serve different readers
B．it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality
C．readers are difficult to please
D．readers like to read different newspapers

单项选择题

Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear," he told me. "They were all Jews (犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage." As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. "In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours." says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because ________.

A．it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B．Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C．they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D．it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country

单项选择题

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. " Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven." Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate." Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.We Superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.The purpose of this article is to________.

A．warn us of the wickedness of napping
B．explain the danger of sleepiness
C．discuss the side effects of napping
D．convince the reader of the necessity of napping

单项选择题

Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear," he told me. "They were all Jews (犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage." As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. "In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours." says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that________.

A．enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence
B．treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development
C．encourage people to compete with each other
D．promise talented children high positions

单项选择题

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sport to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写 ) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性), its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.The best title for this passage would be "________".

A．The Importance of Newspaper Topicality
B．The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
C．The Variety of a Good Newspaper
D．Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper

单项选择题

A. Decide what you can and can’t live with.B. Open people’s minds by being open minded.C. Calmness is a commodity.D. Create a vision that others can see.E. Start with yourself. Leadership Through Challenging Times Strong leadership is preferable within any economic climate, but it is clearly an essential quality in times of economic and commercial uncertainty. Leadership skills are highly prized within companies and organisations, as they can genuinely affect the productivity, motivation and performance of employees, and thus add to the company’s bottom line as a whole. Here are some tips on becoming a more effective leader. 【R1】 No person can expect to influence and earn the respect of others if they are not demonstrably in full control of their own professional lives. This is not just about setting a good example to others, although that is important, but it is also the realization that an effective leader should also lead themselves as an integral component of the company, rather than being a distant figure that simply delegates orders and workloads. It is only through being on top of your game that you can begin to start developing the tones, qualities and skills to inspire and motivate others. 【R2】 In a world of commercial uncertainty, calmness becomes a diminishing and therefore valuable resource. We have all been at positions within our careers where we have benefited from the coolheaded thinking of others, and great leaders tend to exude a confidence and calmness regardless of the turmoil around them. If you want to lead and motivate others, especially during tough commercial times, you must first establish a reputation for calm, clear thinking yourself. 【R3】 To be true leader amongst your colleagues, you must first develop a vision of the commercial future that you might ultimately communicate and lead them towards. Your vision must be as shrewd as it is coherent, as comprehensive as it is inclusive, and as achievable as it is far reaching. Look around you at people that you believe to be effective leaders, and you will find that they generally have a single-minded grasp of both the current situation and the desired outcomes of the future. This ability to perceive actions that will make a positive impact on your company’s future performance and achieve agreement amongst your colleagues to work towards shared goals is at the core of professional leadership. 【R4】 Particularly during times of commercial and economic pressure, an open mind and a flexibility of approach are key components of your leadership skills. There will be pressure to deliver results, although an open mind is a creative mind, and a creative, innovative approach may well pay dividends in today’s challenging conditions. By keeping an open mind, and being encouraging towards your colleagues’ ideas, you will not only inspire them to innovate further, but you may well also find that a collaborative effort often yields the best results. 【R5】__ Setting the boundaries of what you consider to be acceptable levels of performance amongst both your colleagues and yourself is key to effective leadership. In doing this, and doing it as early as possible, you should ensure clear guidance is laid down as to you expect people to operate. It is also wise to be a realist, however, and to accept that there may be some things that you may wish to, but cannot change in the short term. But then is what the mid and long term is for.【R1】

A．
B．
C．
D．
E．

单项选择题

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. " Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven." Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate." Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.We Superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.The "American sleep debt" (Line 1, Para. 3) is the result of________.

A．the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep
B．the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration
C．the rapid development of American industry
D．the Americans’ worry about the danger of sleepiness

单项选择题

Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear," he told me. "They were all Jews (犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage." As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. "In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours." says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to________.

A．all-round development
B．the learning of Western music
C．strict training of children
D．variety in academic studies

单项选择题

A. Decide what you can and can’t live with.B. Open people’s minds by being open minded.C. Calmness is a commodity.D. Create a vision that others can see.E. Start with yourself. Leadership Through Challenging Times Strong leadership is preferable within any economic climate, but it is clearly an essential quality in times of economic and commercial uncertainty. Leadership skills are highly prized within companies and organisations, as they can genuinely affect the productivity, motivation and performance of employees, and thus add to the company’s bottom line as a whole. Here are some tips on becoming a more effective leader. 【R1】 No person can expect to influence and earn the respect of others if they are not demonstrably in full control of their own professional lives. This is not just about setting a good example to others, although that is important, but it is also the realization that an effective leader should also lead themselves as an integral component of the company, rather than being a distant figure that simply delegates orders and workloads. It is only through being on top of your game that you can begin to start developing the tones, qualities and skills to inspire and motivate others. 【R2】 In a world of commercial uncertainty, calmness becomes a diminishing and therefore valuable resource. We have all been at positions within our careers where we have benefited from the coolheaded thinking of others, and great leaders tend to exude a confidence and calmness regardless of the turmoil around them. If you want to lead and motivate others, especially during tough commercial times, you must first establish a reputation for calm, clear thinking yourself. 【R3】 To be true leader amongst your colleagues, you must first develop a vision of the commercial future that you might ultimately communicate and lead them towards. Your vision must be as shrewd as it is coherent, as comprehensive as it is inclusive, and as achievable as it is far reaching. Look around you at people that you believe to be effective leaders, and you will find that they generally have a single-minded grasp of both the current situation and the desired outcomes of the future. This ability to perceive actions that will make a positive impact on your company’s future performance and achieve agreement amongst your colleagues to work towards shared goals is at the core of professional leadership. 【R4】 Particularly during times of commercial and economic pressure, an open mind and a flexibility of approach are key components of your leadership skills. There will be pressure to deliver results, although an open mind is a creative mind, and a creative, innovative approach may well pay dividends in today’s challenging conditions. By keeping an open mind, and being encouraging towards your colleagues’ ideas, you will not only inspire them to innovate further, but you may well also find that a collaborative effort often yields the best results. 【R5】__ Setting the boundaries of what you consider to be acceptable levels of performance amongst both your colleagues and yourself is key to effective leadership. In doing this, and doing it as early as possible, you should ensure clear guidance is laid down as to you expect people to operate. It is also wise to be a realist, however, and to accept that there may be some things that you may wish to, but cannot change in the short term. But then is what the mid and long term is for.【R2】

A．
B．
C．
D．
E．

单项选择题

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. " Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven." Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate." Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.We Superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is________.

A．preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift
B．good practice to eat something light before we go to bed
C．essential to make up for cost sleep
D．natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it

单项选择题

American society is not nap (午睡) friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. "There’s even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. " Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: "Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven." Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an "American sleep debt" which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, president Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have "a midafternoon quiet phase" also called "a secondary sleep gate." Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap.We Superstars of Snooze don’t nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we "snack" on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and on boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.The author’s attitude towards naps is________.

A．neutral
B．positive
C．negative
D．objective

单项选择题

Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear," he told me. "They were all Jews (犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage." As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. "In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours." says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage

A．A natural gift.
B．Extensive knowledge of music.
C．Very early training.
D．A prejudice free society.

单项选择题

A. Decide what you can and can’t live with.B. Open people’s minds by being open minded.C. Calmness is a commodity.D. Create a vision that others can see.E. Start with yourself. Leadership Through Challenging Times Strong leadership is preferable within any economic climate, but it is clearly an essential quality in times of economic and commercial uncertainty. Leadership skills are highly prized within companies and organisations, as they can genuinely affect the productivity, motivation and performance of employees, and thus add to the company’s bottom line as a whole. Here are some tips on becoming a more effective leader. 【R1】 No person can expect to influence and earn the respect of others if they are not demonstrably in full control of their own professional lives. This is not just about setting a good example to others, although that is important, but it is also the realization that an effective leader should also lead themselves as an integral component of the company, rather than being a distant figure that simply delegates orders and workloads. It is only through being on top of your game that you can begin to start developing the tones, qualities and skills to inspire and motivate others. 【R2】 In a world of commercial uncertainty, calmness becomes a diminishing and therefore valuable resource. We have all been at positions within our careers where we have benefited from the coolheaded thinking of others, and great leaders tend to exude a confidence and calmness regardless of the turmoil around them. If you want to lead and motivate others, especially during tough commercial times, you must first establish a reputation for calm, clear thinking yourself. 【R3】 To be true leader amongst your colleagues, you must first develop a vision of the commercial future that you might ultimately communicate and lead them towards. Your vision must be as shrewd as it is coherent, as comprehensive as it is inclusive, and as achievable as it is far reaching. Look around you at people that you believe to be effective leaders, and you will find that they generally have a single-minded grasp of both the current situation and the desired outcomes of the future. This ability to perceive actions that will make a positive impact on your company’s future performance and achieve agreement amongst your colleagues to work towards shared goals is at the core of professional leadership. 【R4】 Particularly during times of commercial and economic pressure, an open mind and a flexibility of approach are key components of your leadership skills. There will be pressure to deliver results, although an open mind is a creative mind, and a creative, innovative approach may well pay dividends in today’s challenging conditions. By keeping an open mind, and being encouraging towards your colleagues’ ideas, you will not only inspire them to innovate further, but you may well also find that a collaborative effort often yields the best results. 【R5】__ Setting the boundaries of what you consider to be acceptable levels of performance amongst both your colleagues and yourself is key to effective leadership. In doing this, and doing it as early as possible, you should ensure clear guidance is laid down as to you expect people to operate. It is also wise to be a realist, however, and to accept that there may be some things that you may wish to, but cannot change in the short term. But then is what the mid and long term is for.【R3】

A．
B．
C．
D．
E．

单项选择题

Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear," he told me. "They were all Jews (犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage." As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. "In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours." says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage

A．Jewish Contribution to Music.
B．Training of Musicians in the World.
C．Music and Society.
D．The Making of Prodigies.

单项选择题

A. Decide what you can and can’t live with.B. Open people’s minds by being open minded.C. Calmness is a commodity.D. Create a vision that others can see.E. Start with yourself. Leadership Through Challenging Times Strong leadership is preferable within any economic climate, but it is clearly an essential quality in times of economic and commercial uncertainty. Leadership skills are highly prized within companies and organisations, as they can genuinely affect the productivity, motivation and performance of employees, and thus add to the company’s bottom line as a whole. Here are some tips on becoming a more effective leader. 【R1】 No person can expect to influence and earn the respect of others if they are not demonstrably in full control of their own professional lives. This is not just about setting a good example to others, although that is important, but it is also the realization that an effective leader should also lead themselves as an integral component of the company, rather than being a distant figure that simply delegates orders and workloads. It is only through being on top of your game that you can begin to start developing the tones, qualities and skills to inspire and motivate others. 【R2】 In a world of commercial uncertainty, calmness becomes a diminishing and therefore valuable resource. We have all been at positions within our careers where we have benefited from the coolheaded thinking of others, and great leaders tend to exude a confidence and calmness regardless of the turmoil around them. If you want to lead and motivate others, especially during tough commercial times, you must first establish a reputation for calm, clear thinking yourself. 【R3】 To be true leader amongst your colleagues, you must first develop a vision of the commercial future that you might ultimately communicate and lead them towards. Your vision must be as shrewd as it is coherent, as comprehensive as it is inclusive, and as achievable as it is far reaching. Look around you at people that you believe to be effective leaders, and you will find that they generally have a single-minded grasp of both the current situation and the desired outcomes of the future. This ability to perceive actions that will make a positive impact on your company’s future performance and achieve agreement amongst your colleagues to work towards shared goals is at the core of professional leadership. 【R4】 Particularly during times of commercial and economic pressure, an open mind and a flexibility of approach are key components of your leadership skills. There will be pressure to deliver results, although an open mind is a creative mind, and a creative, innovative approach may well pay dividends in today’s challenging conditions. By keeping an open mind, and being encouraging towards your colleagues’ ideas, you will not only inspire them to innovate further, but you may well also find that a collaborative effort often yields the best results. 【R5】__ Setting the boundaries of what you consider to be acceptable levels of performance amongst both your colleagues and yourself is key to effective leadership. In doing this, and doing it as early as possible, you should ensure clear guidance is laid down as to you expect people to operate. It is also wise to be a realist, however, and to accept that there may be some things that you may wish to, but cannot change in the short term. But then is what the mid and long term is for.【R4】

A．
B．
C．
D．
E．

单项选择题

Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear," he told me. "They were all Jews (犹太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage." As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. "In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours." says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.In the first sentence of Paragraph 2, the word "nurture" can be best replaced by ______.

A．cultivate
B．acquire
C．educate
D．bring up

单项选择题

A. Decide what you can and can’t live with.B. Open people’s minds by being open minded.C. Calmness is a commodity.D. Create a vision that others can see.E. Start with yourself. Leadership Through Challenging Times Strong leadership is preferable within any economic climate, but it is clearly an essential quality in times of economic and commercial uncertainty. Leadership skills are highly prized within companies and organisations, as they can genuinely affect the productivity, motivation and performance of employees, and thus add to the company’s bottom line as a whole. Here are some tips on becoming a more effective leader. 【R1】 No person can expect to influence and earn the respect of others if they are not demonstrably in full control of their own professional lives. This is not just about setting a good example to others, although that is important, but it is also the realization that an effective leader should also lead themselves as an integral component of the company, rather than being a distant figure that simply delegates orders and workloads. It is only through being on top of your game that you can begin to start developing the tones, qualities and skills to inspire and motivate others. 【R2】 In a world of commercial uncertainty, calmness becomes a diminishing and therefore valuable resource. We have all been at positions within our careers where we have benefited from the coolheaded thinking of others, and great leaders tend to exude a confidence and calmness regardless of the turmoil around them. If you want to lead and motivate others, especially during tough commercial times, you must first establish a reputation for calm, clear thinking yourself. 【R3】 To be true leader amongst your colleagues, you must first develop a vision of the commercial future that you might ultimately communicate and lead them towards. Your vision must be as shrewd as it is coherent, as comprehensive as it is inclusive, and as achievable as it is far reaching. Look around you at people that you believe to be effective leaders, and you will find that they generally have a single-minded grasp of both the current situation and the desired outcomes of the future. This ability to perceive actions that will make a positive impact on your company’s future performance and achieve agreement amongst your colleagues to work towards shared goals is at the core of professional leadership. 【R4】 Particularly during times of commercial and economic pressure, an open mind and a flexibility of approach are key components of your leadership skills. There will be pressure to deliver results, although an open mind is a creative mind, and a creative, innovative approach may well pay dividends in today’s challenging conditions. By keeping an open mind, and being encouraging towards your colleagues’ ideas, you will not only inspire them to innovate further, but you may well also find that a collaborative effort often yields the best results. 【R5】__ Setting the boundaries of what you consider to be acceptable levels of performance amongst both your colleagues and yourself is key to effective leadership. In doing this, and doing it as early as possible, you should ensure clear guidance is laid down as to you expect people to operate. It is also wise to be a realist, however, and to accept that there may be some things that you may wish to, but cannot change in the short term. But then is what the mid and long term is for.【R5】

A．
B．
C．
D．
E．

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