专业英语八级题库_大学英语题库

填空题

The most difficult texts to translate are not, however,
highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 1
nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 2
delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional
translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City
have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 3
which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The
next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or
sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 4
meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 5
someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type
of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 6
examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost
always requires extensive adaptation.
One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 7
is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 8
language and culture are always in the process of change.
Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping
meanings and fuzzier boundaries—the bane of logicians but the 9
delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the
price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 10
which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human
experience.

答案： literarily→literary，此处为形容词，前者为副词。

填空题

No person understood the science and politics of modern 11
weaponry better than William J. Perry, the US Secretary of
Defense from 1994 to 1997. When a man of such unquestioned
experience and intelligence issues the starkly nuclear warning 12
that is central to his recent memoir, we should turn heed. Perry 13
is forthright when he says: "Today, the danger of some sort of a
nuclear catastrophe is more than it was during the Cold War and 14
most people are blissfully unaware of this danger." He also tells
us that the nuclear danger is "grown greater every year" and 15
that even a single nuclear detonation "could destroy our way of
life".
In clear, detailed but powerful prose, Perry"s new book,
My Journey at the Nuclear Brink, tells the story of his
seventy-years experience of the nuclear age. Beginning with his 16
firsthanded encounter with survivors living amid "vast wastes of 17
fused rubble" in the aftermath of World War II, his account
takes us up to today when Perry is on an urgent mission to alert
us the dangerous nuclear road we are traveling. 18
Reflecting upon the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Perry says it was then that he first understood that the
end of all of civilization was now possible, not merely the ruin of
cities. He took to heart Einstein"s words that "the unleashed
power of the atom has changed everything, saved our modes of 19
thinking." He asserts that it is only "old thinking" that
persuades our leaders that nuclear weapons provide security,
instead of understanding the hard truth which "they now 20
endanger it."

答案： understood→understands，结合下文，此处应是一般现在时，因为文意显然认为他仍是这方面的顶尖专家。

填空题

Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout
the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the
traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31
male dominance and prejudice that supported Beauvoir"s and
Millett"s assertion which males considered the female "the 32
Other," an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33
women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34
goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35
Second, while Dickens, Wordsworth, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the
established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36
status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female,
fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more
frequent than not occupying minor parts within the stories or 37
simply averting to the male"s stereotypical images of women. 38
Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39
to by the male crafters of the literary canon.
Feminist critics of this era asserted that these males and
their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of
prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were
females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40
were males, more frequently than not female students were
trained to read literature as if they were males. The feminists of
the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female
reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in
the canon.

答案： discover→discovered，此处应为过去式。

填空题

The most difficult texts to translate are not, however,
highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 1
nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 2
delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional
translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City
have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 3
which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The
next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or
sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 4
meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 5
someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type
of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 6
examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost
always requires extensive adaptation.
One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 7
is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 8
language and culture are always in the process of change.
Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping
meanings and fuzzier boundaries—the bane of logicians but the 9
delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the
price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 10
which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human
experience.

答案： is删去，或在is前添加that，此处为前文的同位语the type of language的定语从句。如不加修改，该句...

填空题

No person understood the science and politics of modern 11
weaponry better than William J. Perry, the US Secretary of
Defense from 1994 to 1997. When a man of such unquestioned
experience and intelligence issues the starkly nuclear warning 12
that is central to his recent memoir, we should turn heed. Perry 13
is forthright when he says: "Today, the danger of some sort of a
nuclear catastrophe is more than it was during the Cold War and 14
most people are blissfully unaware of this danger." He also tells
us that the nuclear danger is "grown greater every year" and 15
that even a single nuclear detonation "could destroy our way of
life".
In clear, detailed but powerful prose, Perry"s new book,
My Journey at the Nuclear Brink, tells the story of his
seventy-years experience of the nuclear age. Beginning with his 16
firsthanded encounter with survivors living amid "vast wastes of 17
fused rubble" in the aftermath of World War II, his account
takes us up to today when Perry is on an urgent mission to alert
us the dangerous nuclear road we are traveling. 18
Reflecting upon the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Perry says it was then that he first understood that the
end of all of civilization was now possible, not merely the ruin of
cities. He took to heart Einstein"s words that "the unleashed
power of the atom has changed everything, saved our modes of 19
thinking." He asserts that it is only "old thinking" that
persuades our leaders that nuclear weapons provide security,
instead of understanding the hard truth which "they now 20
endanger it."

答案： starkly→stark，此处应为形容词，stark warning是常见的搭配，意为“严正警告”。

填空题

The most difficult texts to translate are not, however,
highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 1
nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 2
delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional
translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City
have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 3
which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The
next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or
sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 4
meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 5
someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type
of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 6
examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost
always requires extensive adaptation.
One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 7
is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 8
language and culture are always in the process of change.
Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping
meanings and fuzzier boundaries—the bane of logicians but the 9
delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the
price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 10
which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human
experience.

答案： be→is，此处insist意为“坚持认为”而非“要求”，所以不应做虚拟语气。

填空题

Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout
the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the
traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31
male dominance and prejudice that supported Beauvoir"s and
Millett"s assertion which males considered the female "the 32
Other," an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33
women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34
goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35
Second, while Dickens, Wordsworth, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the
established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36
status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female,
fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more
frequent than not occupying minor parts within the stories or 37
simply averting to the male"s stereotypical images of women. 38
Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39
to by the male crafters of the literary canon.
Feminist critics of this era asserted that these males and
their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of
prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were
females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40
were males, more frequently than not female students were
trained to read literature as if they were males. The feminists of
the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female
reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in
the canon.

答案： which→that，此处非定语从句，而是同位语从句，所以应用that。

填空题

No person understood the science and politics of modern 11
weaponry better than William J. Perry, the US Secretary of
Defense from 1994 to 1997. When a man of such unquestioned
experience and intelligence issues the starkly nuclear warning 12
that is central to his recent memoir, we should turn heed. Perry 13
is forthright when he says: "Today, the danger of some sort of a
nuclear catastrophe is more than it was during the Cold War and 14
most people are blissfully unaware of this danger." He also tells
us that the nuclear danger is "grown greater every year" and 15
that even a single nuclear detonation "could destroy our way of
life".
In clear, detailed but powerful prose, Perry"s new book,
My Journey at the Nuclear Brink, tells the story of his
seventy-years experience of the nuclear age. Beginning with his 16
firsthanded encounter with survivors living amid "vast wastes of 17
fused rubble" in the aftermath of World War II, his account
takes us up to today when Perry is on an urgent mission to alert
us the dangerous nuclear road we are traveling. 18
Reflecting upon the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Perry says it was then that he first understood that the
end of all of civilization was now possible, not merely the ruin of
cities. He took to heart Einstein"s words that "the unleashed
power of the atom has changed everything, saved our modes of 19
thinking." He asserts that it is only "old thinking" that
persuades our leaders that nuclear weapons provide security,
instead of understanding the hard truth which "they now 20
endanger it."

答案： turn→take/pay，heed通常前跟后者，意为“小心、注意”。

填空题

Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout
the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the
traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31
male dominance and prejudice that supported Beauvoir"s and
Millett"s assertion which males considered the female "the 32
Other," an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33
women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34
goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35
Second, while Dickens, Wordsworth, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the
established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36
status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female,
fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more
frequent than not occupying minor parts within the stories or 37
simply averting to the male"s stereotypical images of women. 38
Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39
to by the male crafters of the literary canon.
Feminist critics of this era asserted that these males and
their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of
prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were
females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40
were males, more frequently than not female students were
trained to read literature as if they were males. The feminists of
the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female
reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in
the canon.

答案： deviating→deviant，deviate意为“偏离”，deviant意为“不正常的”，结合上文此处应为devi...

填空题

The most difficult texts to translate are not, however,
highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 1
nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 2
delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional
translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City
have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 3
which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The
next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or
sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 4
meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 5
someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type
of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 6
examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost
always requires extensive adaptation.
One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 7
is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 8
language and culture are always in the process of change.
Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping
meanings and fuzzier boundaries—the bane of logicians but the 9
delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the
price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 10
which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human
experience.

答案： paralinguistics→paralinguistic，此处需用形容词，前者为名词。

填空题

No person understood the science and politics of modern 11
weaponry better than William J. Perry, the US Secretary of
Defense from 1994 to 1997. When a man of such unquestioned
experience and intelligence issues the starkly nuclear warning 12
that is central to his recent memoir, we should turn heed. Perry 13
is forthright when he says: "Today, the danger of some sort of a
nuclear catastrophe is more than it was during the Cold War and 14
most people are blissfully unaware of this danger." He also tells
us that the nuclear danger is "grown greater every year" and 15
that even a single nuclear detonation "could destroy our way of
life".
In clear, detailed but powerful prose, Perry"s new book,
My Journey at the Nuclear Brink, tells the story of his
seventy-years experience of the nuclear age. Beginning with his 16
firsthanded encounter with survivors living amid "vast wastes of 17
fused rubble" in the aftermath of World War II, his account
takes us up to today when Perry is on an urgent mission to alert
us the dangerous nuclear road we are traveling. 18
Reflecting upon the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Perry says it was then that he first understood that the
end of all of civilization was now possible, not merely the ruin of
cities. He took to heart Einstein"s words that "the unleashed
power of the atom has changed everything, saved our modes of 19
thinking." He asserts that it is only "old thinking" that
persuades our leaders that nuclear weapons provide security,
instead of understanding the hard truth which "they now 20
endanger it."

答案： more→greater，根据下文以及习惯用法，应用后者。

填空题

Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout
the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the
traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31
male dominance and prejudice that supported Beauvoir"s and
Millett"s assertion which males considered the female "the 32
Other," an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33
women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34
goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35
Second, while Dickens, Wordsworth, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the
established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36
status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female,
fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more
frequent than not occupying minor parts within the stories or 37
simply averting to the male"s stereotypical images of women. 38
Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39
to by the male crafters of the literary canon.
Feminist critics of this era asserted that these males and
their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of
prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were
females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40
were males, more frequently than not female students were
trained to read literature as if they were males. The feminists of
the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female
reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in
the canon.

答案： were删去，abound是不及物动词。

填空题

No person understood the science and politics of modern 11
weaponry better than William J. Perry, the US Secretary of
Defense from 1994 to 1997. When a man of such unquestioned
experience and intelligence issues the starkly nuclear warning 12
that is central to his recent memoir, we should turn heed. Perry 13
is forthright when he says: "Today, the danger of some sort of a
nuclear catastrophe is more than it was during the Cold War and 14
most people are blissfully unaware of this danger." He also tells
us that the nuclear danger is "grown greater every year" and 15
that even a single nuclear detonation "could destroy our way of
life".
In clear, detailed but powerful prose, Perry"s new book,
My Journey at the Nuclear Brink, tells the story of his
seventy-years experience of the nuclear age. Beginning with his 16
firsthanded encounter with survivors living amid "vast wastes of 17
fused rubble" in the aftermath of World War II, his account
takes us up to today when Perry is on an urgent mission to alert
us the dangerous nuclear road we are traveling. 18
Reflecting upon the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Perry says it was then that he first understood that the
end of all of civilization was now possible, not merely the ruin of
cities. He took to heart Einstein"s words that "the unleashed
power of the atom has changed everything, saved our modes of 19
thinking." He asserts that it is only "old thinking" that
persuades our leaders that nuclear weapons provide security,
instead of understanding the hard truth which "they now 20
endanger it."

答案： grown→growing，此处不需使用被动式。

填空题

The most difficult texts to translate are not, however,
highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 1
nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 2
delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional
translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City
have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 3
which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The
next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or
sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 4
meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 5
someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type
of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 6
examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost
always requires extensive adaptation.
One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 7
is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 8
language and culture are always in the process of change.
Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping
meanings and fuzzier boundaries—the bane of logicians but the 9
delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the
price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 10
which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human
experience.

答案： like→than，此处用比较级。

填空题

Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout
the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the
traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31
male dominance and prejudice that supported Beauvoir"s and
Millett"s assertion which males considered the female "the 32
Other," an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33
women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34
goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35
Second, while Dickens, Wordsworth, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the
established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36
status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female,
fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more
frequent than not occupying minor parts within the stories or 37
simply averting to the male"s stereotypical images of women. 38
Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39
to by the male crafters of the literary canon.
Feminist critics of this era asserted that these males and
their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of
prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were
females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40
were males, more frequently than not female students were
trained to read literature as if they were males. The feminists of
the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female
reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in
the canon.

答案： beauties→beauty，此处应为抽象意义的美貌，而非美女。

填空题

No person understood the science and politics of modern 11
weaponry better than William J. Perry, the US Secretary of
Defense from 1994 to 1997. When a man of such unquestioned
experience and intelligence issues the starkly nuclear warning 12
that is central to his recent memoir, we should turn heed. Perry 13
is forthright when he says: "Today, the danger of some sort of a
nuclear catastrophe is more than it was during the Cold War and 14
most people are blissfully unaware of this danger." He also tells
us that the nuclear danger is "grown greater every year" and 15
that even a single nuclear detonation "could destroy our way of
life".
In clear, detailed but powerful prose, Perry"s new book,
My Journey at the Nuclear Brink, tells the story of his
seventy-years experience of the nuclear age. Beginning with his 16
firsthanded encounter with survivors living amid "vast wastes of 17
fused rubble" in the aftermath of World War II, his account
takes us up to today when Perry is on an urgent mission to alert
us the dangerous nuclear road we are traveling. 18
Reflecting upon the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Perry says it was then that he first understood that the
end of all of civilization was now possible, not merely the ruin of
cities. He took to heart Einstein"s words that "the unleashed
power of the atom has changed everything, saved our modes of 19
thinking." He asserts that it is only "old thinking" that
persuades our leaders that nuclear weapons provide security,
instead of understanding the hard truth which "they now 20
endanger it."

答案： seventy-years→seventy-year，此处修饰经验，“七十年的”应与后者对应。

填空题

The most difficult texts to translate are not, however,
highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 1
nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 2
delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional
translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City
have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 3
which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The
next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or
sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 4
meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 5
someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type
of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 6
examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost
always requires extensive adaptation.
One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 7
is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 8
language and culture are always in the process of change.
Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping
meanings and fuzzier boundaries—the bane of logicians but the 9
delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the
price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 10
which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human
experience.

答案： illustrated→illustrative，illustrative example是常见搭配，意为“说明性的例子...

填空题

Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout
the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the
traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31
male dominance and prejudice that supported Beauvoir"s and
Millett"s assertion which males considered the female "the 32
Other," an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33
women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34
goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35
Second, while Dickens, Wordsworth, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the
established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36
status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female,
fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more
frequent than not occupying minor parts within the stories or 37
simply averting to the male"s stereotypical images of women. 38
Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39
to by the male crafters of the literary canon.
Feminist critics of this era asserted that these males and
their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of
prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were
females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40
were males, more frequently than not female students were
trained to read literature as if they were males. The feminists of
the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female
reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in
the canon.

答案： a删去，从上下文来看，此处应有对比，因此few(几乎无)更合适。

填空题

No person understood the science and politics of modern 11
weaponry better than William J. Perry, the US Secretary of
Defense from 1994 to 1997. When a man of such unquestioned
experience and intelligence issues the starkly nuclear warning 12
that is central to his recent memoir, we should turn heed. Perry 13
is forthright when he says: "Today, the danger of some sort of a
nuclear catastrophe is more than it was during the Cold War and 14
most people are blissfully unaware of this danger." He also tells
us that the nuclear danger is "grown greater every year" and 15
that even a single nuclear detonation "could destroy our way of
life".
In clear, detailed but powerful prose, Perry"s new book,
My Journey at the Nuclear Brink, tells the story of his
seventy-years experience of the nuclear age. Beginning with his 16
firsthanded encounter with survivors living amid "vast wastes of 17
fused rubble" in the aftermath of World War II, his account
takes us up to today when Perry is on an urgent mission to alert
us the dangerous nuclear road we are traveling. 18
Reflecting upon the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Perry says it was then that he first understood that the
end of all of civilization was now possible, not merely the ruin of
cities. He took to heart Einstein"s words that "the unleashed
power of the atom has changed everything, saved our modes of 19
thinking." He asserts that it is only "old thinking" that
persuades our leaders that nuclear weapons provide security,
instead of understanding the hard truth which "they now 20
endanger it."

答案： firsthanded→firsthand，此处意为“一手的”，firsthanded无此词。

填空题

Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout
the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the
traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31
male dominance and prejudice that supported Beauvoir"s and
Millett"s assertion which males considered the female "the 32
Other," an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33
women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34
goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35
Second, while Dickens, Wordsworth, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the
established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36
status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female,
fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more
frequent than not occupying minor parts within the stories or 37
simply averting to the male"s stereotypical images of women. 38
Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39
to by the male crafters of the literary canon.
Feminist critics of this era asserted that these males and
their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of
prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were
females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40
were males, more frequently than not female students were
trained to read literature as if they were males. The feminists of
the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female
reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in
the canon.

答案： frequent→frequently，此处应为副词，修饰occupying。

填空题

The most difficult texts to translate are not, however,
highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 1
nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 2
delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional
translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City
have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 3
which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The
next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or
sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 4
meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 5
someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type
of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 6
examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost
always requires extensive adaptation.
One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 7
is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 8
language and culture are always in the process of change.
Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping
meanings and fuzzier boundaries—the bane of logicians but the 9
delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the
price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 10
which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human
experience.

答案： it→there，it前无指代。此处意为“有”，是there be句型。

填空题

No person understood the science and politics of modern 11
weaponry better than William J. Perry, the US Secretary of
Defense from 1994 to 1997. When a man of such unquestioned
experience and intelligence issues the starkly nuclear warning 12
that is central to his recent memoir, we should turn heed. Perry 13
is forthright when he says: "Today, the danger of some sort of a
nuclear catastrophe is more than it was during the Cold War and 14
most people are blissfully unaware of this danger." He also tells
us that the nuclear danger is "grown greater every year" and 15
that even a single nuclear detonation "could destroy our way of
life".
In clear, detailed but powerful prose, Perry"s new book,
My Journey at the Nuclear Brink, tells the story of his
seventy-years experience of the nuclear age. Beginning with his 16
firsthanded encounter with survivors living amid "vast wastes of 17
fused rubble" in the aftermath of World War II, his account
takes us up to today when Perry is on an urgent mission to alert
us the dangerous nuclear road we are traveling. 18
Reflecting upon the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Perry says it was then that he first understood that the
end of all of civilization was now possible, not merely the ruin of
cities. He took to heart Einstein"s words that "the unleashed
power of the atom has changed everything, saved our modes of 19
thinking." He asserts that it is only "old thinking" that
persuades our leaders that nuclear weapons provide security,
instead of understanding the hard truth which "they now 20
endanger it."

答案： ∧us→to，alert sb. to sth. 意为“使警觉、注意”。

填空题

The most difficult texts to translate are not, however,
highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 1
nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 2
delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional
translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City
have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 3
which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The
next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or
sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 4
meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 5
someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type
of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 6
examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost
always requires extensive adaptation.
One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 7
is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 8
language and culture are always in the process of change.
Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping
meanings and fuzzier boundaries—the bane of logicians but the 9
delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the
price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 10
which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human
experience.

答案： and→or，前有否定意义的never，后应用or。

填空题

Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout
the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the
traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31
male dominance and prejudice that supported Beauvoir"s and
Millett"s assertion which males considered the female "the 32
Other," an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33
women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34
goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35
Second, while Dickens, Wordsworth, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the
established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36
status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female,
fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more
frequent than not occupying minor parts within the stories or 37
simply averting to the male"s stereotypical images of women. 38
Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39
to by the male crafters of the literary canon.
Feminist critics of this era asserted that these males and
their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of
prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were
females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40
were males, more frequently than not female students were
trained to read literature as if they were males. The feminists of
the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female
reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in
the canon.

答案： averting→reverting，avert意为“防止、避免”，此处意为“回归男性对女性的固有印象”，应用后者。

填空题

No person understood the science and politics of modern 11
weaponry better than William J. Perry, the US Secretary of
Defense from 1994 to 1997. When a man of such unquestioned
experience and intelligence issues the starkly nuclear warning 12
that is central to his recent memoir, we should turn heed. Perry 13
is forthright when he says: "Today, the danger of some sort of a
nuclear catastrophe is more than it was during the Cold War and 14
most people are blissfully unaware of this danger." He also tells
us that the nuclear danger is "grown greater every year" and 15
that even a single nuclear detonation "could destroy our way of
life".
In clear, detailed but powerful prose, Perry"s new book,
My Journey at the Nuclear Brink, tells the story of his
seventy-years experience of the nuclear age. Beginning with his 16
firsthanded encounter with survivors living amid "vast wastes of 17
fused rubble" in the aftermath of World War II, his account
takes us up to today when Perry is on an urgent mission to alert
us the dangerous nuclear road we are traveling. 18
Reflecting upon the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Perry says it was then that he first understood that the
end of all of civilization was now possible, not merely the ruin of
cities. He took to heart Einstein"s words that "the unleashed
power of the atom has changed everything, saved our modes of 19
thinking." He asserts that it is only "old thinking" that
persuades our leaders that nuclear weapons provide security,
instead of understanding the hard truth which "they now 20
endanger it."

答案： saved→save/saving，save和saving都可作介词，意为“除……之外”。

填空题

Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout
the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the
traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31
male dominance and prejudice that supported Beauvoir"s and
Millett"s assertion which males considered the female "the 32
Other," an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33
women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34
goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35
Second, while Dickens, Wordsworth, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the
established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36
status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female,
fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more
frequent than not occupying minor parts within the stories or 37
simply averting to the male"s stereotypical images of women. 38
Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39
to by the male crafters of the literary canon.
Feminist critics of this era asserted that these males and
their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of
prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were
females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40
were males, more frequently than not female students were
trained to read literature as if they were males. The feminists of
the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female
reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in
the canon.

答案： never→ever，if ever是固定搭配，意为“如果有过的话”。

填空题

The most difficult texts to translate are not, however,
highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 1
nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 2
delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional
translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City
have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 3
which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The
next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or
sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 4
meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 5
someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type
of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 6
examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost
always requires extensive adaptation.
One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 7
is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 8
language and culture are always in the process of change.
Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping
meanings and fuzzier boundaries—the bane of logicians but the 9
delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the
price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 10
which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human
experience.

答案： fuzzier→fuzzy，此处无比较。

填空题

No person understood the science and politics of modern 11
weaponry better than William J. Perry, the US Secretary of
Defense from 1994 to 1997. When a man of such unquestioned
experience and intelligence issues the starkly nuclear warning 12
that is central to his recent memoir, we should turn heed. Perry 13
is forthright when he says: "Today, the danger of some sort of a
nuclear catastrophe is more than it was during the Cold War and 14
most people are blissfully unaware of this danger." He also tells
us that the nuclear danger is "grown greater every year" and 15
that even a single nuclear detonation "could destroy our way of
life".
In clear, detailed but powerful prose, Perry"s new book,
My Journey at the Nuclear Brink, tells the story of his
seventy-years experience of the nuclear age. Beginning with his 16
firsthanded encounter with survivors living amid "vast wastes of 17
fused rubble" in the aftermath of World War II, his account
takes us up to today when Perry is on an urgent mission to alert
us the dangerous nuclear road we are traveling. 18
Reflecting upon the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Perry says it was then that he first understood that the
end of all of civilization was now possible, not merely the ruin of
cities. He took to heart Einstein"s words that "the unleashed
power of the atom has changed everything, saved our modes of 19
thinking." He asserts that it is only "old thinking" that
persuades our leaders that nuclear weapons provide security,
instead of understanding the hard truth which "they now 20
endanger it."

答案： which→that，此外that后引导的是同位语从句。

填空题

Moving from the political to the literary arena throughout
the 1960s and 1970s, feminist critics began to examine the
traditional literary canon and discover example after example of 31
male dominance and prejudice that supported Beauvoir"s and
Millett"s assertion which males considered the female "the 32
Other," an unnatural or deviating being. First, stereotypes of 33
women were abounded in the canon: Women were sex maniacs, 34
goddesses of beauties, mindless entities, or old spinsters. 35
Second, while Dickens, Wordsworth, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Twain, and a host of other male authors found their way into the
established literary canon, a few female authors achieved such 36
status. Third, for the most part, the roles of female,
fictionalized characters were limited to secondary positions, more
frequent than not occupying minor parts within the stories or 37
simply averting to the male"s stereotypical images of women. 38
Fourth, female scholars such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de
Beauvoir were ignored, their writings seldom, if never, referred 39
to by the male crafters of the literary canon.
Feminist critics of this era asserted that these males and
their male counterparts who created and enjoyed a place of
prominence within the canon assumed that all readers were
females. In addition, since most of the university professors 40
were males, more frequently than not female students were
trained to read literature as if they were males. The feminists of
the 1960s and 1970s now postulated the existence of a female
reader who was affronted by the male prejudices abounding in
the canon.

答案： females→males，结合上下文，此处是假定读者都是男性而非女性。

填空题

The most difficult texts to translate are not, however,
highly literarily productions, but rather those texts which say 1
nothing, the type of language is often used by politicians and 2
delegates to international forums. In fact, a group of professional
translators at the United Nations headquarters in New York City
have insisted that the most difficult text to translate be one in 3
which the speaker or writer has attempted to say nothing. The
next most difficult type of text is one filled with irony or
sarcasm, since in a written text the paralinguistics clues to the 4
meaning are usually much more difficult to detect like when 5
someone is speaking. And perhaps the third most difficult type
of text is a book or article on translating in which the illustrated 6
examples rarely match. In fact, a book on translating almost
always requires extensive adaptation.
One of the most surprising paradoxes of translating is that it 7
is never a completely perfect and timeless translation. Both 8
language and culture are always in the process of change.
Furthermore, language is an open system with overlapping
meanings and fuzzier boundaries—the bane of logicians but the 9
delight of poets. The indeterminacy of language is part of the
price that must be paid for creativity and for the new insight 10
which come through symbolic reinterpretation of human
experience.

答案： insight→insights，变为复数，与后面的定语从句保持一致。

填空题

During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur
continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 21
sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 22
phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 23
analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 24
take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name
and saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying
"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" is
recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 25
D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 26
associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which
the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 27
others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or
speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information
density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker"s accent,
interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it
(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have
more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 28
reformulation problems.
Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the
category of automatic operations because they include the storage 29
of information for later use. One might add that stored
information changes both from one speech to another or during 30
every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information
quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to
moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical
operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the
processes.

答案： continually→continuously，在口译过程中，短时记忆是连续工作的而非多次工作，所以应用后者。

填空题

During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur
continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 21
sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 22
phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 23
analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 24
take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name
and saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying
"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" is
recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 25
D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 26
associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which
the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 27
others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or
speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information
density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker"s accent,
interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it
(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have
more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 28
reformulation problems.
Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the
category of automatic operations because they include the storage 29
of information for later use. One might add that stored
information changes both from one speech to another or during 30
every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information
quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to
moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical
operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the
processes.

答案： ∧heard→are。此处speech sounds为名词短语，作分句中的主语，后缺be动词连接hear的被动态。

填空题

During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur
continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 21
sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 22
phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 23
analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 24
take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name
and saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying
"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" is
recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 25
D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 26
associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which
the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 27
others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or
speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information
density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker"s accent,
interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it
(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have
more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 28
reformulation problems.
Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the
category of automatic operations because they include the storage 29
of information for later use. One might add that stored
information changes both from one speech to another or during 30
every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information
quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to
moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical
operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the
processes.

答案： phonemic→phonetic，结合下文的例子，此处意为“语音上的”而非“音位上的”。因此用后者。

填空题

During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur
continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 21
sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 22
phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 23
analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 24
take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name
and saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying
"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" is
recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 25
D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 26
associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which
the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 27
others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or
speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information
density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker"s accent,
interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it
(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have
more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 28
reformulation problems.
Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the
category of automatic operations because they include the storage 29
of information for later use. One might add that stored
information changes both from one speech to another or during 30
every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information
quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to
moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical
operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the
processes.

答案： when→until，前半句话里是一个累积的过程，直到后半句里出现需要的结果。而when代表同时发生，不符合句义。

填空题

During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur
continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 21
sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 22
phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 23
analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 24
take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name
and saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying
"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" is
recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 25
D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 26
associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which
the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 27
others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or
speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information
density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker"s accent,
interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it
(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have
more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 28
reformulation problems.
Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the
category of automatic operations because they include the storage 29
of information for later use. One might add that stored
information changes both from one speech to another or during 30
every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information
quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to
moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical
operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the
processes.

答案： turns→turn，in turn意为“轮流”；“继而”，而in turns只有“轮流”的意思，此处结合上下文应为“继...

填空题

During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur
continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 21
sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 22
phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 23
analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 24
take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name
and saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying
"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" is
recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 25
D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 26
associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which
the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 27
others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or
speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information
density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker"s accent,
interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it
(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have
more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 28
reformulation problems.
Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the
category of automatic operations because they include the storage 29
of information for later use. One might add that stored
information changes both from one speech to another or during 30
every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information
quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to
moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical
operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the
processes.

答案： ∧opposed→as，as opposed to是固定搭配，意为“而不是”。

填空题

During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur
continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 21
sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 22
phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 23
analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 24
take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name
and saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying
"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" is
recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 25
D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 26
associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which
the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 27
others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or
speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information
density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker"s accent,
interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it
(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have
more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 28
reformulation problems.
Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the
category of automatic operations because they include the storage 29
of information for later use. One might add that stored
information changes both from one speech to another or during 30
every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information
quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to
moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical
operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the
processes.

答案： presented→present，根据上下文，此处应是一个状态而非动作。

填空题

During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur
continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 21
sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 22
phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 23
analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 24
take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name
and saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying
"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" is
recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 25
D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 26
associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which
the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 27
others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or
speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information
density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker"s accent,
interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it
(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have
more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 28
reformulation problems.
Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the
category of automatic operations because they include the storage 29
of information for later use. One might add that stored
information changes both from one speech to another or during 30
every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information
quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to
moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical
operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the
processes.

答案： large→larger，此处结合上下文应用比较级。

填空题

During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur
continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 21
sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 22
phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 23
analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 24
take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name
and saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying
"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" is
recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 25
D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 26
associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which
the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 27
others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or
speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information
density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker"s accent,
interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it
(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have
more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 28
reformulation problems.
Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the
category of automatic operations because they include the storage 29
of information for later use. One might add that stored
information changes both from one speech to another or during 30
every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information
quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to
moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical
operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the
processes.

答案： automatic→non-automatic，结合下文，这是一个无法自动完成的过程，因此应为后者。

填空题

During interpretation, short-term memory operations occur
continually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 21
sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 22
phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 23
analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 24
take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign name
and saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying
"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" is
recognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 25
D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 26
associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during which
the idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 27
others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker or
speech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, information
density, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker"s accent,
interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it
(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to have
more time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 28
reformulation problems.
Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under the
category of automatic operations because they include the storage 29
of information for later use. One might add that stored
information changes both from one speech to another or during 30
every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored information
quantities and storage duration can vary from moment to
moment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identical
operations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of the
processes.

答案： or→and，both...and...固定搭配。

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