单项选择题

The men set off in silence. Pedro walked with his dog a few paces behind the boys. When neighbors saw them walking along in this formation they would say that Pedro looked like a veritable patron striding behind his peons. Yet there were mornings when Pedro talked to the boys in the course of their two-hour walk to the fields, giving advice or telling, what work had to be done. The boys, however, spoke only in answer to a question. Out of their father’s earshot they would joke about their sweet hearts ox visits to the saloons of Cuahnahuac. But this morning they moved silently down the road. It was still barely light. All around them, just beyond the far edges of the fields, the blue-green slopes of the pine-covered mountains rose through the morning mist, Pedro and Ricardo were headed for the mountain slope cornfield which they had cleared the year before. This was communal land belonging to the municipality which consisted of seven villages; anyone could work it. New clearings had to be made every two or three years, for heavy rains washed the top soil away. To acquire new fields Pedro and his sons burned the brush and weeds, cut down young trees, and built new stone fences. The boys worked well; they had the largest mountain clearing in Azteca. But the crops could supply enough corn and beans for only three or four months. So Pedro had to try other means of earning a living as well—making rope from maguey fiber, selling plums, hiring out his sons as farm-hands. One thing he would not do to earn money was to make charcoal for sale, as so many of his neighbors did. This practice, he knew, was wasteful of the precious oak and pine forests and ultimately ruined land. He had been one of the leaders in the struggle for the preservation of the communal forest lands. So he made charcoal only once a year and only for the use of his family.Pedro would not make charcoal for sale because______.

A.he made charcoal only once a year for private use
B.he was a village leader with a strong sense of responsibility
C.there were not enough oaks and pines around his fields
D.he had a keen sense of environmental protection
题目列表

你可能感兴趣的试题

单项选择题

In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our bodies as well. First, let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the "meeting" influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer "see you there at 8", but "text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are". Texting changes people as well. In their paper, "Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging", two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the "talkers" and the "texters" —those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the "speakeasy": the head is held high in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the "spacemaker": these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.When people plan to meet nowadays, they______.

A.arrange the meeting place before hand
B.postpone fixing the place till last minute
C.seldom care about when and where to meet
D.still love to work out detailed meeting plans
单项选择题

In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our bodies as well. First, let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the "meeting" influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer "see you there at 8", but "text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are". Texting changes people as well. In their paper, "Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging", two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the "talkers" and the "texters" —those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the "speakeasy": the head is held high in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the "spacemaker": these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effects are most likely to be seen on______.

A.talkers
B.the "speakeasy"
C.the "spacemaker"
D.texters
单项选择题

In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our bodies as well. First, let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the "meeting" influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer "see you there at 8", but "text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are". Texting changes people as well. In their paper, "Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging", two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the "talkers" and the "texters" —those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the "speakeasy": the head is held high in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the "spacemaker": these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are______.

A.quite revealing
B.well written
C.unacceptable by others
D.shocking to others
单项选择题

In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our bodies as well. First, let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the "meeting" influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer "see you there at 8", but "text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are". Texting changes people as well. In their paper, "Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging", two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the "talkers" and the "texters" —those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the "speakeasy": the head is held high in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the "spacemaker": these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile

A.Talkers.
B.The speakeasy.
C.The spacemaker.
D.Texters.
单项选择题

In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our bodies as well. First, let’s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the "meeting" influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer "see you there at 8", but "text me around 8 and we’ll see where we all are". Texting changes people as well. In their paper, "Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging", two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the "talkers" and the "texters" —those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone’s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the "speakeasy": the head is held high in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the "spacemaker": these people focus on themselves and keep out other people. Who can blame them Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on people’s privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you needn’t worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.An appropriate title for the passage might be______.

A.the SMS effect
B.cultural implication of mobile use
C.change in the use of the mobile
D.body language and the mobile phone
单项选择题

The men set off in silence. Pedro walked with his dog a few paces behind the boys. When neighbors saw them walking along in this formation they would say that Pedro looked like a veritable patron striding behind his peons. Yet there were mornings when Pedro talked to the boys in the course of their two-hour walk to the fields, giving advice or telling, what work had to be done. The boys, however, spoke only in answer to a question. Out of their father’s earshot they would joke about their sweet hearts ox visits to the saloons of Cuahnahuac. But this morning they moved silently down the road. It was still barely light. All around them, just beyond the far edges of the fields, the blue-green slopes of the pine-covered mountains rose through the morning mist, Pedro and Ricardo were headed for the mountain slope cornfield which they had cleared the year before. This was communal land belonging to the municipality which consisted of seven villages; anyone could work it. New clearings had to be made every two or three years, for heavy rains washed the top soil away. To acquire new fields Pedro and his sons burned the brush and weeds, cut down young trees, and built new stone fences. The boys worked well; they had the largest mountain clearing in Azteca. But the crops could supply enough corn and beans for only three or four months. So Pedro had to try other means of earning a living as well—making rope from maguey fiber, selling plums, hiring out his sons as farm-hands. One thing he would not do to earn money was to make charcoal for sale, as so many of his neighbors did. This practice, he knew, was wasteful of the precious oak and pine forests and ultimately ruined land. He had been one of the leaders in the struggle for the preservation of the communal forest lands. So he made charcoal only once a year and only for the use of his family.What did the neighbors mean when they said "Pedro looked like a veritable patron striding behind his peons" They meant Pedro______.

A.looked like a real landowner, in command of his peasant laborers
B.had to make sure his sons walk quickly enough
C.took good care of his sons
D.behaved like an army general
单项选择题

The men set off in silence. Pedro walked with his dog a few paces behind the boys. When neighbors saw them walking along in this formation they would say that Pedro looked like a veritable patron striding behind his peons. Yet there were mornings when Pedro talked to the boys in the course of their two-hour walk to the fields, giving advice or telling, what work had to be done. The boys, however, spoke only in answer to a question. Out of their father’s earshot they would joke about their sweet hearts ox visits to the saloons of Cuahnahuac. But this morning they moved silently down the road. It was still barely light. All around them, just beyond the far edges of the fields, the blue-green slopes of the pine-covered mountains rose through the morning mist, Pedro and Ricardo were headed for the mountain slope cornfield which they had cleared the year before. This was communal land belonging to the municipality which consisted of seven villages; anyone could work it. New clearings had to be made every two or three years, for heavy rains washed the top soil away. To acquire new fields Pedro and his sons burned the brush and weeds, cut down young trees, and built new stone fences. The boys worked well; they had the largest mountain clearing in Azteca. But the crops could supply enough corn and beans for only three or four months. So Pedro had to try other means of earning a living as well—making rope from maguey fiber, selling plums, hiring out his sons as farm-hands. One thing he would not do to earn money was to make charcoal for sale, as so many of his neighbors did. This practice, he knew, was wasteful of the precious oak and pine forests and ultimately ruined land. He had been one of the leaders in the struggle for the preservation of the communal forest lands. So he made charcoal only once a year and only for the use of his family.According to the passage what sort of father was Pedro

A.A loving father.
B.A strict father.
C.An authoritarian father.
D.A silent father.
单项选择题

The men set off in silence. Pedro walked with his dog a few paces behind the boys. When neighbors saw them walking along in this formation they would say that Pedro looked like a veritable patron striding behind his peons. Yet there were mornings when Pedro talked to the boys in the course of their two-hour walk to the fields, giving advice or telling, what work had to be done. The boys, however, spoke only in answer to a question. Out of their father’s earshot they would joke about their sweet hearts ox visits to the saloons of Cuahnahuac. But this morning they moved silently down the road. It was still barely light. All around them, just beyond the far edges of the fields, the blue-green slopes of the pine-covered mountains rose through the morning mist, Pedro and Ricardo were headed for the mountain slope cornfield which they had cleared the year before. This was communal land belonging to the municipality which consisted of seven villages; anyone could work it. New clearings had to be made every two or three years, for heavy rains washed the top soil away. To acquire new fields Pedro and his sons burned the brush and weeds, cut down young trees, and built new stone fences. The boys worked well; they had the largest mountain clearing in Azteca. But the crops could supply enough corn and beans for only three or four months. So Pedro had to try other means of earning a living as well—making rope from maguey fiber, selling plums, hiring out his sons as farm-hands. One thing he would not do to earn money was to make charcoal for sale, as so many of his neighbors did. This practice, he knew, was wasteful of the precious oak and pine forests and ultimately ruined land. He had been one of the leaders in the struggle for the preservation of the communal forest lands. So he made charcoal only once a year and only for the use of his family.What is not mentioned in the passage about Pedro’ s sons

A.They were pub-goers.
B.They were hard working boys.
C.They were in love.
D.They hired farmhands.
单项选择题

The men set off in silence. Pedro walked with his dog a few paces behind the boys. When neighbors saw them walking along in this formation they would say that Pedro looked like a veritable patron striding behind his peons. Yet there were mornings when Pedro talked to the boys in the course of their two-hour walk to the fields, giving advice or telling, what work had to be done. The boys, however, spoke only in answer to a question. Out of their father’s earshot they would joke about their sweet hearts ox visits to the saloons of Cuahnahuac. But this morning they moved silently down the road. It was still barely light. All around them, just beyond the far edges of the fields, the blue-green slopes of the pine-covered mountains rose through the morning mist, Pedro and Ricardo were headed for the mountain slope cornfield which they had cleared the year before. This was communal land belonging to the municipality which consisted of seven villages; anyone could work it. New clearings had to be made every two or three years, for heavy rains washed the top soil away. To acquire new fields Pedro and his sons burned the brush and weeds, cut down young trees, and built new stone fences. The boys worked well; they had the largest mountain clearing in Azteca. But the crops could supply enough corn and beans for only three or four months. So Pedro had to try other means of earning a living as well—making rope from maguey fiber, selling plums, hiring out his sons as farm-hands. One thing he would not do to earn money was to make charcoal for sale, as so many of his neighbors did. This practice, he knew, was wasteful of the precious oak and pine forests and ultimately ruined land. He had been one of the leaders in the struggle for the preservation of the communal forest lands. So he made charcoal only once a year and only for the use of his family.Pedro would not make charcoal for sale because______.

A.he made charcoal only once a year for private use
B.he was a village leader with a strong sense of responsibility
C.there were not enough oaks and pines around his fields
D.he had a keen sense of environmental protection
单项选择题

When people are struck by lightning, they fall to the ground as though they were struck by a severe blow to the head. After the shock they may remain unconscious, become semiconscious or be conscious but confused and dazed, at least for a time. Flashes of light may continue passing before their eyes, and blindness and deafness may follow. The nervous system may be badly affected, causing paralysis, pain in the limbs and even hemorrhage. There will be burns where the lightening passed through the body, and like all electrical bunts, they are often deep and severe. All persons, especially campers and hunters, should know how to give first aid to someone who has been struck by lightning. Do not be afraid to touch the victim. You won’t get a shock. The lightening has already been grounded. Remember that speed is of the greatest importance in severe cases. The first thing to do is to loosen tight clothing about the throat and waist. Then clear the air passages of mucus (粘液) if present, and apply artificial respiration if necessary. Give mouth-to-mouth resuscitatiorn if needed, or give oxygen if available. Many victims thought to be dead have been revived after treatment. Send someone for a doctor as soon as possible, but don’t leave the victim alone. If a doctor is not available, take the person to a hospital as soon as the person can be safely moved. Signs of shock are: pale, cold, sticky skin; weak, rapid pulse, shallow, irregular breathing or, in extreme cases, no breathing at all. To treat shock, you must keep the patient lying down with the head lower than the feet and cover him or her with a blanket but watch out for overheating. Giving a stimulating hot tea or coffee will help, but only if the patient is thoroughly conscious. After breathing has been restored and shock is treated, treat the burns. Apply some salve and cover them with a clean cloth or a sterile dressing. If conscious, the patient will be badly frightened, so do all you can to reassure. A little knowledge and a helping hand may save someone’ s life.The passage mainly talks about______.

A.which metals conduct electricity best
B.where to go in a thunderstorm
C.how to treat someone struck by lightening
D.how to make mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
单项选择题

The men set off in silence. Pedro walked with his dog a few paces behind the boys. When neighbors saw them walking along in this formation they would say that Pedro looked like a veritable patron striding behind his peons. Yet there were mornings when Pedro talked to the boys in the course of their two-hour walk to the fields, giving advice or telling, what work had to be done. The boys, however, spoke only in answer to a question. Out of their father’s earshot they would joke about their sweet hearts ox visits to the saloons of Cuahnahuac. But this morning they moved silently down the road. It was still barely light. All around them, just beyond the far edges of the fields, the blue-green slopes of the pine-covered mountains rose through the morning mist, Pedro and Ricardo were headed for the mountain slope cornfield which they had cleared the year before. This was communal land belonging to the municipality which consisted of seven villages; anyone could work it. New clearings had to be made every two or three years, for heavy rains washed the top soil away. To acquire new fields Pedro and his sons burned the brush and weeds, cut down young trees, and built new stone fences. The boys worked well; they had the largest mountain clearing in Azteca. But the crops could supply enough corn and beans for only three or four months. So Pedro had to try other means of earning a living as well—making rope from maguey fiber, selling plums, hiring out his sons as farm-hands. One thing he would not do to earn money was to make charcoal for sale, as so many of his neighbors did. This practice, he knew, was wasteful of the precious oak and pine forests and ultimately ruined land. He had been one of the leaders in the struggle for the preservation of the communal forest lands. So he made charcoal only once a year and only for the use of his family.Which didn’ t Pedro do to earn a living

A.Working as a farmhand.
B.Trading in farm products.
C.Making home-made commodities for money.
D.Selling his sons’ services.
单项选择题

When people are struck by lightning, they fall to the ground as though they were struck by a severe blow to the head. After the shock they may remain unconscious, become semiconscious or be conscious but confused and dazed, at least for a time. Flashes of light may continue passing before their eyes, and blindness and deafness may follow. The nervous system may be badly affected, causing paralysis, pain in the limbs and even hemorrhage. There will be burns where the lightening passed through the body, and like all electrical bunts, they are often deep and severe. All persons, especially campers and hunters, should know how to give first aid to someone who has been struck by lightning. Do not be afraid to touch the victim. You won’t get a shock. The lightening has already been grounded. Remember that speed is of the greatest importance in severe cases. The first thing to do is to loosen tight clothing about the throat and waist. Then clear the air passages of mucus (粘液) if present, and apply artificial respiration if necessary. Give mouth-to-mouth resuscitatiorn if needed, or give oxygen if available. Many victims thought to be dead have been revived after treatment. Send someone for a doctor as soon as possible, but don’t leave the victim alone. If a doctor is not available, take the person to a hospital as soon as the person can be safely moved. Signs of shock are: pale, cold, sticky skin; weak, rapid pulse, shallow, irregular breathing or, in extreme cases, no breathing at all. To treat shock, you must keep the patient lying down with the head lower than the feet and cover him or her with a blanket but watch out for overheating. Giving a stimulating hot tea or coffee will help, but only if the patient is thoroughly conscious. After breathing has been restored and shock is treated, treat the burns. Apply some salve and cover them with a clean cloth or a sterile dressing. If conscious, the patient will be badly frightened, so do all you can to reassure. A little knowledge and a helping hand may save someone’ s life.According to the passage, all the following are signs of shock except______.

A.abnormal fever
B.cold skin
C.irregular breathing
D.rapid pulse
单项选择题

Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that lectures on business ethics have been included in their syllabuses of study. They often do not realize that, later in their careers, they may be tempted to bend their principles to get what they want; perhaps also they are not fully aware that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries. In dealing with the topic of business ethics, some lecturers ask students how they would act in the following situation; suppose you were head of a major soft-drinks company and you want to break into a certain overseas market where the growth potential for your company is likely to be very great indeed. During negotiations with government officials of this country, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid" bureaucratic delays", as he puts it. Now, the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation Some time ago the British car manufacturer, British Leyland, was accused of operating a "slush fund", and of questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers with padded commission, offering additional discounts and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The company rejected these allegations and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at this time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private: "Look, we’ re in a wheeling-dealing business. Every year we’ re selling more than £1 000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million greasing the palms of some of the buyers, who’s hurt If we didn’t do it, someone else would." It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. To take just one example, the Chrisler Corporation, third largest of the U. S. motor manufacturers, disclosed that it made questionable payments of more than $ 2.5 million. By making this revelation, it joined more than 300 U. S. companies that had admitted to the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments.The lectures on business ethics surprised students because______.

A.they are unaware of their later potential violation of the rules
B.the forms of bribery are on the increase in many countries
C.they do not know how to act to entertain the officials in other countries
D.it is hard to avoid bureaucratic delays without such lectures
单项选择题

When people are struck by lightning, they fall to the ground as though they were struck by a severe blow to the head. After the shock they may remain unconscious, become semiconscious or be conscious but confused and dazed, at least for a time. Flashes of light may continue passing before their eyes, and blindness and deafness may follow. The nervous system may be badly affected, causing paralysis, pain in the limbs and even hemorrhage. There will be burns where the lightening passed through the body, and like all electrical bunts, they are often deep and severe. All persons, especially campers and hunters, should know how to give first aid to someone who has been struck by lightning. Do not be afraid to touch the victim. You won’t get a shock. The lightening has already been grounded. Remember that speed is of the greatest importance in severe cases. The first thing to do is to loosen tight clothing about the throat and waist. Then clear the air passages of mucus (粘液) if present, and apply artificial respiration if necessary. Give mouth-to-mouth resuscitatiorn if needed, or give oxygen if available. Many victims thought to be dead have been revived after treatment. Send someone for a doctor as soon as possible, but don’t leave the victim alone. If a doctor is not available, take the person to a hospital as soon as the person can be safely moved. Signs of shock are: pale, cold, sticky skin; weak, rapid pulse, shallow, irregular breathing or, in extreme cases, no breathing at all. To treat shock, you must keep the patient lying down with the head lower than the feet and cover him or her with a blanket but watch out for overheating. Giving a stimulating hot tea or coffee will help, but only if the patient is thoroughly conscious. After breathing has been restored and shock is treated, treat the burns. Apply some salve and cover them with a clean cloth or a sterile dressing. If conscious, the patient will be badly frightened, so do all you can to reassure. A little knowledge and a helping hand may save someone’ s life.It can be guessed from the passage that______.

A.many campers and hunters are struck by lightening
B.cars are convenient for outdoor activities
C.electric shock does little harm to the human body
D.only professional nurses and doctors are allowed to give first aid
单项选择题

Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that lectures on business ethics have been included in their syllabuses of study. They often do not realize that, later in their careers, they may be tempted to bend their principles to get what they want; perhaps also they are not fully aware that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries. In dealing with the topic of business ethics, some lecturers ask students how they would act in the following situation; suppose you were head of a major soft-drinks company and you want to break into a certain overseas market where the growth potential for your company is likely to be very great indeed. During negotiations with government officials of this country, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid" bureaucratic delays", as he puts it. Now, the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation Some time ago the British car manufacturer, British Leyland, was accused of operating a "slush fund", and of questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers with padded commission, offering additional discounts and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The company rejected these allegations and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at this time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private: "Look, we’ re in a wheeling-dealing business. Every year we’ re selling more than £1 000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million greasing the palms of some of the buyers, who’s hurt If we didn’t do it, someone else would." It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. To take just one example, the Chrisler Corporation, third largest of the U. S. motor manufacturers, disclosed that it made questionable payments of more than $ 2.5 million. By making this revelation, it joined more than 300 U. S. companies that had admitted to the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments.Towards standing by ethic rules in real practice, the writer seems______.

A.indifferent
B.pessimistic
C.affirmative
D.optimistic
单项选择题

When people are struck by lightning, they fall to the ground as though they were struck by a severe blow to the head. After the shock they may remain unconscious, become semiconscious or be conscious but confused and dazed, at least for a time. Flashes of light may continue passing before their eyes, and blindness and deafness may follow. The nervous system may be badly affected, causing paralysis, pain in the limbs and even hemorrhage. There will be burns where the lightening passed through the body, and like all electrical bunts, they are often deep and severe. All persons, especially campers and hunters, should know how to give first aid to someone who has been struck by lightning. Do not be afraid to touch the victim. You won’t get a shock. The lightening has already been grounded. Remember that speed is of the greatest importance in severe cases. The first thing to do is to loosen tight clothing about the throat and waist. Then clear the air passages of mucus (粘液) if present, and apply artificial respiration if necessary. Give mouth-to-mouth resuscitatiorn if needed, or give oxygen if available. Many victims thought to be dead have been revived after treatment. Send someone for a doctor as soon as possible, but don’t leave the victim alone. If a doctor is not available, take the person to a hospital as soon as the person can be safely moved. Signs of shock are: pale, cold, sticky skin; weak, rapid pulse, shallow, irregular breathing or, in extreme cases, no breathing at all. To treat shock, you must keep the patient lying down with the head lower than the feet and cover him or her with a blanket but watch out for overheating. Giving a stimulating hot tea or coffee will help, but only if the patient is thoroughly conscious. After breathing has been restored and shock is treated, treat the burns. Apply some salve and cover them with a clean cloth or a sterile dressing. If conscious, the patient will be badly frightened, so do all you can to reassure. A little knowledge and a helping hand may save someone’ s life.The word "salve" in line 1 of the last paragraph most likely means______.

A.sponge
B.bandage
C.ointment
D.liquid
单项选择题

The scientists of the Renaissance brought about the most fundamental alterations in the world of thought, and they accomplished this feat by devising a new method for discovering knowledge. Unlike the medieval thinkers, who proceeded for the most part by reading traditional texts, the early modern scientists laid greatest stress upon observation and the formation of temporary hypothesis. The method of observation implied two things: namely, those traditional explanations of the behavior of nature should be empirically demonstrated, the new assumption being that such explanations could very well be wrong, and that new information might be available to scientists so they could penetrate beyond the superficial appearances of things. People now began to look at the heavenly bodies with a new attitude, hoping not solely to find the confirmation of Biblical statements about the firmament but, further, to discover the principles and laws that describe the movements of bodies. Observation was directed not only upon the stars but also in the opposite direction, toward the minutest constituents of physical substance. To enhance the exactness of their observations, they invented various scientific instruments. Lippershey, a Dutchman, invented the telescope in 1608, although Galileo was the first to make dramatic use of it. In 1590 the first compound microscope was created. The principle of the barometer(晴雨表) was discovered by Galileo’s pupil Torricelli. The air pump, which was so important in creating a vacuum for the experiment that, proved that all bodies regardless of their weight or size fall at the same rate when there is no air resistance, was invented by Otto von Guericke( 1602 -1686). With the use of instruments and imaginative hypotheses, fresh knowledge began to unfold. Galileo discovered the moons around Jupiter, and Anton Leeuwenhoek( 1632-1723) discovered spermatozoa, protozoa, and bacteria. Whereas Nicolas Copernicus (1473 -1543) formed a new hypothesis of the revolution of, the earth around the sun, Harvey (1578 -1657) discovered the circulation of the blood. William Gilbert (1540 -1603) wrote a major work on the magnet, and Robert Boyle (1627 -1691), the father of chemistry, formulated his famous law concerning the relation of temperature, volume, and pressure of gases. Added to these inventions and discoveries was the decisive advance made in mathematics, especially by Sir Isaac Newton and Leibniz, who independently invented differential (微分学) and integral (积分学) calculus. The method of observation and mathematical calculation now became the hallmarks of modern science. The new scientific mode of thought in time influenced philosophic thought in two important ways. First, the assumption that the basic processes of nature are observable and capable of mathematical calculation and description had the effect of engendering another assumption, namely, that everything consists of bodies in motion, that everything conforms to a mechanical model. The heavens above and the smallest particles below all exhibit the same laws of motion. Even human thought was soon explained in mechanical terms, not to mention the realm of human behavior, which the earlier moralists described as the product of free will.Which of the following is the best title for this passage

A.The Beginnings of the Scientific Method
B.Scientific Instruments of the Renaissance
C.The Art and Science of the Renaissance
D.The Importance of Hypotheses in Scientific Thinking
单项选择题

Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that lectures on business ethics have been included in their syllabuses of study. They often do not realize that, later in their careers, they may be tempted to bend their principles to get what they want; perhaps also they are not fully aware that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries. In dealing with the topic of business ethics, some lecturers ask students how they would act in the following situation; suppose you were head of a major soft-drinks company and you want to break into a certain overseas market where the growth potential for your company is likely to be very great indeed. During negotiations with government officials of this country, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid" bureaucratic delays", as he puts it. Now, the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation Some time ago the British car manufacturer, British Leyland, was accused of operating a "slush fund", and of questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers with padded commission, offering additional discounts and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The company rejected these allegations and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at this time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private: "Look, we’ re in a wheeling-dealing business. Every year we’ re selling more than £1 000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million greasing the palms of some of the buyers, who’s hurt If we didn’t do it, someone else would." It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. To take just one example, the Chrisler Corporation, third largest of the U. S. motor manufacturers, disclosed that it made questionable payments of more than $ 2.5 million. By making this revelation, it joined more than 300 U. S. companies that had admitted to the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments.Which of the following is one of questionable practices of British Leyland

A.Leyland operated "slush fund" to bribe.
B.Leyland offered additional discounts and then withdrew the money.
C.Leyland made the use of banks in Switzerland to evade the tax.
D.Leyland paid more money to its agents and buyers.
单项选择题

When people are struck by lightning, they fall to the ground as though they were struck by a severe blow to the head. After the shock they may remain unconscious, become semiconscious or be conscious but confused and dazed, at least for a time. Flashes of light may continue passing before their eyes, and blindness and deafness may follow. The nervous system may be badly affected, causing paralysis, pain in the limbs and even hemorrhage. There will be burns where the lightening passed through the body, and like all electrical bunts, they are often deep and severe. All persons, especially campers and hunters, should know how to give first aid to someone who has been struck by lightning. Do not be afraid to touch the victim. You won’t get a shock. The lightening has already been grounded. Remember that speed is of the greatest importance in severe cases. The first thing to do is to loosen tight clothing about the throat and waist. Then clear the air passages of mucus (粘液) if present, and apply artificial respiration if necessary. Give mouth-to-mouth resuscitatiorn if needed, or give oxygen if available. Many victims thought to be dead have been revived after treatment. Send someone for a doctor as soon as possible, but don’t leave the victim alone. If a doctor is not available, take the person to a hospital as soon as the person can be safely moved. Signs of shock are: pale, cold, sticky skin; weak, rapid pulse, shallow, irregular breathing or, in extreme cases, no breathing at all. To treat shock, you must keep the patient lying down with the head lower than the feet and cover him or her with a blanket but watch out for overheating. Giving a stimulating hot tea or coffee will help, but only if the patient is thoroughly conscious. After breathing has been restored and shock is treated, treat the burns. Apply some salve and cover them with a clean cloth or a sterile dressing. If conscious, the patient will be badly frightened, so do all you can to reassure. A little knowledge and a helping hand may save someone’ s life.Which of the following must not be done while treating shock

A.Giving the patient a cup of hot tea.
B.Making the patient lie with the feet lower than the head.
C.Covering the burns with a sterile dressing.
D.Applying artificial respiration.
单项选择题

The scientists of the Renaissance brought about the most fundamental alterations in the world of thought, and they accomplished this feat by devising a new method for discovering knowledge. Unlike the medieval thinkers, who proceeded for the most part by reading traditional texts, the early modern scientists laid greatest stress upon observation and the formation of temporary hypothesis. The method of observation implied two things: namely, those traditional explanations of the behavior of nature should be empirically demonstrated, the new assumption being that such explanations could very well be wrong, and that new information might be available to scientists so they could penetrate beyond the superficial appearances of things. People now began to look at the heavenly bodies with a new attitude, hoping not solely to find the confirmation of Biblical statements about the firmament but, further, to discover the principles and laws that describe the movements of bodies. Observation was directed not only upon the stars but also in the opposite direction, toward the minutest constituents of physical substance. To enhance the exactness of their observations, they invented various scientific instruments. Lippershey, a Dutchman, invented the telescope in 1608, although Galileo was the first to make dramatic use of it. In 1590 the first compound microscope was created. The principle of the barometer(晴雨表) was discovered by Galileo’s pupil Torricelli. The air pump, which was so important in creating a vacuum for the experiment that, proved that all bodies regardless of their weight or size fall at the same rate when there is no air resistance, was invented by Otto von Guericke( 1602 -1686). With the use of instruments and imaginative hypotheses, fresh knowledge began to unfold. Galileo discovered the moons around Jupiter, and Anton Leeuwenhoek( 1632-1723) discovered spermatozoa, protozoa, and bacteria. Whereas Nicolas Copernicus (1473 -1543) formed a new hypothesis of the revolution of, the earth around the sun, Harvey (1578 -1657) discovered the circulation of the blood. William Gilbert (1540 -1603) wrote a major work on the magnet, and Robert Boyle (1627 -1691), the father of chemistry, formulated his famous law concerning the relation of temperature, volume, and pressure of gases. Added to these inventions and discoveries was the decisive advance made in mathematics, especially by Sir Isaac Newton and Leibniz, who independently invented differential (微分学) and integral (积分学) calculus. The method of observation and mathematical calculation now became the hallmarks of modern science. The new scientific mode of thought in time influenced philosophic thought in two important ways. First, the assumption that the basic processes of nature are observable and capable of mathematical calculation and description had the effect of engendering another assumption, namely, that everything consists of bodies in motion, that everything conforms to a mechanical model. The heavens above and the smallest particles below all exhibit the same laws of motion. Even human thought was soon explained in mechanical terms, not to mention the realm of human behavior, which the earlier moralists described as the product of free will.It can be inferred from the passage that if pre-Renaissance scientists observed the motions of heavenly bodies, they did so most likely in order to______.

A.confirm the formulas that describe the motions of the planets and stars
B.distinguish the motions of various planets
C.validate what the Bible says about those bodies
D.demonstrate the utility of their newly invented instruments
单项选择题

The brain is organized into different regions, each responsible for different functions and in humans this organization is very marked. The largest parts of the brain are the cerebral hemispheres, which occupy most of the interior of the skull. They are layered structures, the most complex being the outer layer, known as the cerebral cortex, where the nerve cells are extremely densely packed to allow great intercon-nectivity. Its function is not fully understood, but we can get some indication of its purpose from studies of animals that have had it removed. A dog, for example, can still move in a coordinated manner, will eat and sleep, and even bark if it is disturbed. However, it also becomes blind and loses its sense smell— more significantly, perhaps, it loses all interest in its environment, not responding to people or to its name, nor to other dogs, even of the opposite sex. It also loses all ability to learn. In effect, it loses the characteristics that we generally refer to as indicating intelligence—awareness, interest and interaction with an environment, and an ability to adapt and learn. Thus the cerebral cortex seems to be the seat of the higher order functions of the brain, and the core of intelligence. The cerebral cortex has been the subject of investigation by researchers for many years, and is slowly revealing its secrets. It demonstrates a localization of functions, in that different areas of the cortex fulfill different functions, such as motion control, hearing, and vision. The visual part of the cortex is especially interesting. In the visual cortex, electrical stimulation of the cells can produce the sensation of light, and detailed analysis has shown that specific layers of neurons are sensitive to particular orientations of input stimuli, so that one layer responds maximally to horizontal lines, while another responds to vertical ones. Although much of this structure is genetically pre-determined, the orientation-specific layout of the cells appears to be learnt at an early stage. Animals brought up in an environment of purely horizontal lines do not develop neuron structures that respond to vertical orientations, showing that these structures are developed due to environmental input and not purely from genetic pre-determination. This is called self-organization of the visual cortex since there is no external teacher to guide the development of these structures.The organization of brain is characterized by______.

A.the interior of the skull
B.different regions responsible for different functions
C.the outer layer—the cerebral cortex
D.the nerve cells densely packed
单项选择题

Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that lectures on business ethics have been included in their syllabuses of study. They often do not realize that, later in their careers, they may be tempted to bend their principles to get what they want; perhaps also they are not fully aware that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries. In dealing with the topic of business ethics, some lecturers ask students how they would act in the following situation; suppose you were head of a major soft-drinks company and you want to break into a certain overseas market where the growth potential for your company is likely to be very great indeed. During negotiations with government officials of this country, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid" bureaucratic delays", as he puts it. Now, the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation Some time ago the British car manufacturer, British Leyland, was accused of operating a "slush fund", and of questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers with padded commission, offering additional discounts and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The company rejected these allegations and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at this time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private: "Look, we’ re in a wheeling-dealing business. Every year we’ re selling more than £1 000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million greasing the palms of some of the buyers, who’s hurt If we didn’t do it, someone else would." It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. To take just one example, the Chrisler Corporation, third largest of the U. S. motor manufacturers, disclosed that it made questionable payments of more than $ 2.5 million. By making this revelation, it joined more than 300 U. S. companies that had admitted to the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments.The writer uses the example of Chrysler Corporation to argue that______.

A.the revelation of bribery is difficult in America
B.bribery has become common in commercial life
C.Securities and Exchange Commission supervises dubious payments
D.wheeling-dealing business drives people to bribe
单项选择题

The scientists of the Renaissance brought about the most fundamental alterations in the world of thought, and they accomplished this feat by devising a new method for discovering knowledge. Unlike the medieval thinkers, who proceeded for the most part by reading traditional texts, the early modern scientists laid greatest stress upon observation and the formation of temporary hypothesis. The method of observation implied two things: namely, those traditional explanations of the behavior of nature should be empirically demonstrated, the new assumption being that such explanations could very well be wrong, and that new information might be available to scientists so they could penetrate beyond the superficial appearances of things. People now began to look at the heavenly bodies with a new attitude, hoping not solely to find the confirmation of Biblical statements about the firmament but, further, to discover the principles and laws that describe the movements of bodies. Observation was directed not only upon the stars but also in the opposite direction, toward the minutest constituents of physical substance. To enhance the exactness of their observations, they invented various scientific instruments. Lippershey, a Dutchman, invented the telescope in 1608, although Galileo was the first to make dramatic use of it. In 1590 the first compound microscope was created. The principle of the barometer(晴雨表) was discovered by Galileo’s pupil Torricelli. The air pump, which was so important in creating a vacuum for the experiment that, proved that all bodies regardless of their weight or size fall at the same rate when there is no air resistance, was invented by Otto von Guericke( 1602 -1686). With the use of instruments and imaginative hypotheses, fresh knowledge began to unfold. Galileo discovered the moons around Jupiter, and Anton Leeuwenhoek( 1632-1723) discovered spermatozoa, protozoa, and bacteria. Whereas Nicolas Copernicus (1473 -1543) formed a new hypothesis of the revolution of, the earth around the sun, Harvey (1578 -1657) discovered the circulation of the blood. William Gilbert (1540 -1603) wrote a major work on the magnet, and Robert Boyle (1627 -1691), the father of chemistry, formulated his famous law concerning the relation of temperature, volume, and pressure of gases. Added to these inventions and discoveries was the decisive advance made in mathematics, especially by Sir Isaac Newton and Leibniz, who independently invented differential (微分学) and integral (积分学) calculus. The method of observation and mathematical calculation now became the hallmarks of modern science. The new scientific mode of thought in time influenced philosophic thought in two important ways. First, the assumption that the basic processes of nature are observable and capable of mathematical calculation and description had the effect of engendering another assumption, namely, that everything consists of bodies in motion, that everything conforms to a mechanical model. The heavens above and the smallest particles below all exhibit the same laws of motion. Even human thought was soon explained in mechanical terms, not to mention the realm of human behavior, which the earlier moralists described as the product of free will.The passage indicates that Galileo did which of the followingI. invented an important optical instrumentII. instructed another famous scientistIII. made an important astronomical discovery

A.II only.
B.III only.
C.I and II only.
D.II and III only.
单项选择题

The brain is organized into different regions, each responsible for different functions and in humans this organization is very marked. The largest parts of the brain are the cerebral hemispheres, which occupy most of the interior of the skull. They are layered structures, the most complex being the outer layer, known as the cerebral cortex, where the nerve cells are extremely densely packed to allow great intercon-nectivity. Its function is not fully understood, but we can get some indication of its purpose from studies of animals that have had it removed. A dog, for example, can still move in a coordinated manner, will eat and sleep, and even bark if it is disturbed. However, it also becomes blind and loses its sense smell— more significantly, perhaps, it loses all interest in its environment, not responding to people or to its name, nor to other dogs, even of the opposite sex. It also loses all ability to learn. In effect, it loses the characteristics that we generally refer to as indicating intelligence—awareness, interest and interaction with an environment, and an ability to adapt and learn. Thus the cerebral cortex seems to be the seat of the higher order functions of the brain, and the core of intelligence. The cerebral cortex has been the subject of investigation by researchers for many years, and is slowly revealing its secrets. It demonstrates a localization of functions, in that different areas of the cortex fulfill different functions, such as motion control, hearing, and vision. The visual part of the cortex is especially interesting. In the visual cortex, electrical stimulation of the cells can produce the sensation of light, and detailed analysis has shown that specific layers of neurons are sensitive to particular orientations of input stimuli, so that one layer responds maximally to horizontal lines, while another responds to vertical ones. Although much of this structure is genetically pre-determined, the orientation-specific layout of the cells appears to be learnt at an early stage. Animals brought up in an environment of purely horizontal lines do not develop neuron structures that respond to vertical orientations, showing that these structures are developed due to environmental input and not purely from genetic pre-determination. This is called self-organization of the visual cortex since there is no external teacher to guide the development of these structures.According to the passage, a dog can still move in a coordinated manner, will eat and sleep, and even bark when ______is (are) removed.

A.nerve cells
B.the skull
C.the hemispheres
D.the cerebral cortex
单项选择题

Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that lectures on business ethics have been included in their syllabuses of study. They often do not realize that, later in their careers, they may be tempted to bend their principles to get what they want; perhaps also they are not fully aware that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries. In dealing with the topic of business ethics, some lecturers ask students how they would act in the following situation; suppose you were head of a major soft-drinks company and you want to break into a certain overseas market where the growth potential for your company is likely to be very great indeed. During negotiations with government officials of this country, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid" bureaucratic delays", as he puts it. Now, the question is: do you pay up or stand by your principles It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation Some time ago the British car manufacturer, British Leyland, was accused of operating a "slush fund", and of questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers with padded commission, offering additional discounts and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The company rejected these allegations and they were later withdrawn. Nevertheless, at this time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private: "Look, we’ re in a wheeling-dealing business. Every year we’ re selling more than £1 000 million worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million greasing the palms of some of the buyers, who’s hurt If we didn’t do it, someone else would." It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. To take just one example, the Chrisler Corporation, third largest of the U. S. motor manufacturers, disclosed that it made questionable payments of more than $ 2.5 million. By making this revelation, it joined more than 300 U. S. companies that had admitted to the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made dubious payments.The best title of this passage would be ______.

A.Bribery is Inevitable Nowadays
B.Business Ethics Lectures are Necessary
C.Bribery and Securities and Exchange Commission
D.How to Avoid Business Bribery
单项选择题

The scientists of the Renaissance brought about the most fundamental alterations in the world of thought, and they accomplished this feat by devising a new method for discovering knowledge. Unlike the medieval thinkers, who proceeded for the most part by reading traditional texts, the early modern scientists laid greatest stress upon observation and the formation of temporary hypothesis. The method of observation implied two things: namely, those traditional explanations of the behavior of nature should be empirically demonstrated, the new assumption being that such explanations could very well be wrong, and that new information might be available to scientists so they could penetrate beyond the superficial appearances of things. People now began to look at the heavenly bodies with a new attitude, hoping not solely to find the confirmation of Biblical statements about the firmament but, further, to discover the principles and laws that describe the movements of bodies. Observation was directed not only upon the stars but also in the opposite direction, toward the minutest constituents of physical substance. To enhance the exactness of their observations, they invented various scientific instruments. Lippershey, a Dutchman, invented the telescope in 1608, although Galileo was the first to make dramatic use of it. In 1590 the first compound microscope was created. The principle of the barometer(晴雨表) was discovered by Galileo’s pupil Torricelli. The air pump, which was so important in creating a vacuum for the experiment that, proved that all bodies regardless of their weight or size fall at the same rate when there is no air resistance, was invented by Otto von Guericke( 1602 -1686). With the use of instruments and imaginative hypotheses, fresh knowledge began to unfold. Galileo discovered the moons around Jupiter, and Anton Leeuwenhoek( 1632-1723) discovered spermatozoa, protozoa, and bacteria. Whereas Nicolas Copernicus (1473 -1543) formed a new hypothesis of the revolution of, the earth around the sun, Harvey (1578 -1657) discovered the circulation of the blood. William Gilbert (1540 -1603) wrote a major work on the magnet, and Robert Boyle (1627 -1691), the father of chemistry, formulated his famous law concerning the relation of temperature, volume, and pressure of gases. Added to these inventions and discoveries was the decisive advance made in mathematics, especially by Sir Isaac Newton and Leibniz, who independently invented differential (微分学) and integral (积分学) calculus. The method of observation and mathematical calculation now became the hallmarks of modern science. The new scientific mode of thought in time influenced philosophic thought in two important ways. First, the assumption that the basic processes of nature are observable and capable of mathematical calculation and description had the effect of engendering another assumption, namely, that everything consists of bodies in motion, that everything conforms to a mechanical model. The heavens above and the smallest particles below all exhibit the same laws of motion. Even human thought was soon explained in mechanical terms, not to mention the realm of human behavior, which the earlier moralists described as the product of free will.The passage indicates that, unlike the "earlier moralist", (last sentence, last paragraph), Renaissance scientists began to receive human behavior as______.

A.a matter of free choice
B.influenced by heavenly bodies
C.controlled by a metaphysical spirit
D.subject to the laws of physical motion
单项选择题

The brain is organized into different regions, each responsible for different functions and in humans this organization is very marked. The largest parts of the brain are the cerebral hemispheres, which occupy most of the interior of the skull. They are layered structures, the most complex being the outer layer, known as the cerebral cortex, where the nerve cells are extremely densely packed to allow great intercon-nectivity. Its function is not fully understood, but we can get some indication of its purpose from studies of animals that have had it removed. A dog, for example, can still move in a coordinated manner, will eat and sleep, and even bark if it is disturbed. However, it also becomes blind and loses its sense smell— more significantly, perhaps, it loses all interest in its environment, not responding to people or to its name, nor to other dogs, even of the opposite sex. It also loses all ability to learn. In effect, it loses the characteristics that we generally refer to as indicating intelligence—awareness, interest and interaction with an environment, and an ability to adapt and learn. Thus the cerebral cortex seems to be the seat of the higher order functions of the brain, and the core of intelligence. The cerebral cortex has been the subject of investigation by researchers for many years, and is slowly revealing its secrets. It demonstrates a localization of functions, in that different areas of the cortex fulfill different functions, such as motion control, hearing, and vision. The visual part of the cortex is especially interesting. In the visual cortex, electrical stimulation of the cells can produce the sensation of light, and detailed analysis has shown that specific layers of neurons are sensitive to particular orientations of input stimuli, so that one layer responds maximally to horizontal lines, while another responds to vertical ones. Although much of this structure is genetically pre-determined, the orientation-specific layout of the cells appears to be learnt at an early stage. Animals brought up in an environment of purely horizontal lines do not develop neuron structures that respond to vertical orientations, showing that these structures are developed due to environmental input and not purely from genetic pre-determination. This is called self-organization of the visual cortex since there is no external teacher to guide the development of these structures.The word "seat" in the first paragraph means______.

A.a chair
B.part of the body
C.place where something is or where something is carried on
D.cortex
单项选择题

The scientists of the Renaissance brought about the most fundamental alterations in the world of thought, and they accomplished this feat by devising a new method for discovering knowledge. Unlike the medieval thinkers, who proceeded for the most part by reading traditional texts, the early modern scientists laid greatest stress upon observation and the formation of temporary hypothesis. The method of observation implied two things: namely, those traditional explanations of the behavior of nature should be empirically demonstrated, the new assumption being that such explanations could very well be wrong, and that new information might be available to scientists so they could penetrate beyond the superficial appearances of things. People now began to look at the heavenly bodies with a new attitude, hoping not solely to find the confirmation of Biblical statements about the firmament but, further, to discover the principles and laws that describe the movements of bodies. Observation was directed not only upon the stars but also in the opposite direction, toward the minutest constituents of physical substance. To enhance the exactness of their observations, they invented various scientific instruments. Lippershey, a Dutchman, invented the telescope in 1608, although Galileo was the first to make dramatic use of it. In 1590 the first compound microscope was created. The principle of the barometer(晴雨表) was discovered by Galileo’s pupil Torricelli. The air pump, which was so important in creating a vacuum for the experiment that, proved that all bodies regardless of their weight or size fall at the same rate when there is no air resistance, was invented by Otto von Guericke( 1602 -1686). With the use of instruments and imaginative hypotheses, fresh knowledge began to unfold. Galileo discovered the moons around Jupiter, and Anton Leeuwenhoek( 1632-1723) discovered spermatozoa, protozoa, and bacteria. Whereas Nicolas Copernicus (1473 -1543) formed a new hypothesis of the revolution of, the earth around the sun, Harvey (1578 -1657) discovered the circulation of the blood. William Gilbert (1540 -1603) wrote a major work on the magnet, and Robert Boyle (1627 -1691), the father of chemistry, formulated his famous law concerning the relation of temperature, volume, and pressure of gases. Added to these inventions and discoveries was the decisive advance made in mathematics, especially by Sir Isaac Newton and Leibniz, who independently invented differential (微分学) and integral (积分学) calculus. The method of observation and mathematical calculation now became the hallmarks of modern science. The new scientific mode of thought in time influenced philosophic thought in two important ways. First, the assumption that the basic processes of nature are observable and capable of mathematical calculation and description had the effect of engendering another assumption, namely, that everything consists of bodies in motion, that everything conforms to a mechanical model. The heavens above and the smallest particles below all exhibit the same laws of motion. Even human thought was soon explained in mechanical terms, not to mention the realm of human behavior, which the earlier moralists described as the product of free will.The primary function of the last paragraph is to______.

A.propose a solution to a problem
B.discuss the effects of a change
C.identify those responsible for a discovery
D.refute a misconception
单项选择题

The brain is organized into different regions, each responsible for different functions and in humans this organization is very marked. The largest parts of the brain are the cerebral hemispheres, which occupy most of the interior of the skull. They are layered structures, the most complex being the outer layer, known as the cerebral cortex, where the nerve cells are extremely densely packed to allow great intercon-nectivity. Its function is not fully understood, but we can get some indication of its purpose from studies of animals that have had it removed. A dog, for example, can still move in a coordinated manner, will eat and sleep, and even bark if it is disturbed. However, it also becomes blind and loses its sense smell— more significantly, perhaps, it loses all interest in its environment, not responding to people or to its name, nor to other dogs, even of the opposite sex. It also loses all ability to learn. In effect, it loses the characteristics that we generally refer to as indicating intelligence—awareness, interest and interaction with an environment, and an ability to adapt and learn. Thus the cerebral cortex seems to be the seat of the higher order functions of the brain, and the core of intelligence. The cerebral cortex has been the subject of investigation by researchers for many years, and is slowly revealing its secrets. It demonstrates a localization of functions, in that different areas of the cortex fulfill different functions, such as motion control, hearing, and vision. The visual part of the cortex is especially interesting. In the visual cortex, electrical stimulation of the cells can produce the sensation of light, and detailed analysis has shown that specific layers of neurons are sensitive to particular orientations of input stimuli, so that one layer responds maximally to horizontal lines, while another responds to vertical ones. Although much of this structure is genetically pre-determined, the orientation-specific layout of the cells appears to be learnt at an early stage. Animals brought up in an environment of purely horizontal lines do not develop neuron structures that respond to vertical orientations, showing that these structures are developed due to environmental input and not purely from genetic pre-determination. This is called self-organization of the visual cortex since there is no external teacher to guide the development of these structures.The visual part of the cortex is especially interesting because______.

A.specific layers of neurons are sensitive to particular orientations of input stimuli
B.much of the structure is genetically pre-determined
C.horizontal lines are stimulated
D.vertical lines are stimulated
单项选择题

The brain is organized into different regions, each responsible for different functions and in humans this organization is very marked. The largest parts of the brain are the cerebral hemispheres, which occupy most of the interior of the skull. They are layered structures, the most complex being the outer layer, known as the cerebral cortex, where the nerve cells are extremely densely packed to allow great intercon-nectivity. Its function is not fully understood, but we can get some indication of its purpose from studies of animals that have had it removed. A dog, for example, can still move in a coordinated manner, will eat and sleep, and even bark if it is disturbed. However, it also becomes blind and loses its sense smell— more significantly, perhaps, it loses all interest in its environment, not responding to people or to its name, nor to other dogs, even of the opposite sex. It also loses all ability to learn. In effect, it loses the characteristics that we generally refer to as indicating intelligence—awareness, interest and interaction with an environment, and an ability to adapt and learn. Thus the cerebral cortex seems to be the seat of the higher order functions of the brain, and the core of intelligence. The cerebral cortex has been the subject of investigation by researchers for many years, and is slowly revealing its secrets. It demonstrates a localization of functions, in that different areas of the cortex fulfill different functions, such as motion control, hearing, and vision. The visual part of the cortex is especially interesting. In the visual cortex, electrical stimulation of the cells can produce the sensation of light, and detailed analysis has shown that specific layers of neurons are sensitive to particular orientations of input stimuli, so that one layer responds maximally to horizontal lines, while another responds to vertical ones. Although much of this structure is genetically pre-determined, the orientation-specific layout of the cells appears to be learnt at an early stage. Animals brought up in an environment of purely horizontal lines do not develop neuron structures that respond to vertical orientations, showing that these structures are developed due to environmental input and not purely from genetic pre-determination. This is called self-organization of the visual cortex since there is no external teacher to guide the development of these structures.Which of the following headings is the best title for this passage

A.The Cerebral Cortex
B.The Specific Layers of Neurons
C.The Organization of the Brain
D.The Cerebral Hemispheres
微信扫码免费搜题