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These days we hear lots of nonsense about the "great classless society". The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discarded. In a number of countries the victory has been completed. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it Close examination doesn ’t bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For aristocracy "read meritocracy"; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained. What is the first thing people do when they become rich They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.What is the main idea of this passage

A．Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.
B．Equality means money.
C．There is no such society as classless society.
D．Nature can’t give you a classless society.
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These days we hear lots of nonsense about the "great classless society". The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discarded. In a number of countries the victory has been completed. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it Close examination doesn ’t bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For aristocracy "read meritocracy"; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained. What is the first thing people do when they become rich They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.According to the author, the same educational opportunities can’t get rid of inequality because______.

A．the principle survival of the fittest exists
B．nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability
C．material rewards are for genuine ability
D．people have the freedom to educate their children
单项选择题

A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Several studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language. The main animal model for vocal learning has been birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two vocal organs and do not have the flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model of speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals. Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a full range of human-like vowels. Turn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique to humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. These recent studies show that there is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman primates. Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent both diverging and converging evolutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the developmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primarily for developmental studies. It is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If individuals can thrive without complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the complexity of gestural communication. Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and consider the multiple components of speech and language.The example of birdsong acquisition is mentioned to_____.

A．highlight the necessity of studying other suitable candidates among mammals
B．stress the urgency to find crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning
C．explain the severe limitations of birdsong
D．emphasize that birds do not have the flexible supralaryngeal structures that facilitate speech
单项选择题

These days we hear lots of nonsense about the "great classless society". The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discarded. In a number of countries the victory has been completed. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it Close examination doesn ’t bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For aristocracy "read meritocracy"; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained. What is the first thing people do when they become rich They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.Who can obtain more rapid success

A．Those with wealth.
B．Those with the best brains.
C．Those with the best opportunities.
D．Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.
单项选择题

Here are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life. 1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your life’s strategy. We have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do we devote to each of these pursuits Allocation choices can make your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. If you don’t invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I can’t help believing that their troubles relate right back to a short-term perspective. When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, they’ll unconsciously allocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’re moving forward. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typically doesn’ t offer the same immediate sense of achievement. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to under invest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and enduring source of happiness. If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over you’ll find this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, you’ll see that people allocating fewer and fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most. 2. Create a Family Culture. If employees embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that they’ve created a culture. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerful management tool. At the teen years, parents start wishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully toward one another, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Families have cultures, just as companies do. Those cultures can be built consciously. If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, you have to design them into family’ s culture and you have think about this very early on. Like employees, children build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and learning what works.According to the author, the key point to the success of your resources allocation in your life relies on______.

A．long-term planning
B．time managing
C．brand-new opportunities
D．a rewarding relationship with your wife
单项选择题

The methods of testing a person’ s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. After all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skill of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’ s true ability and aptitude. As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none . That is because so much depends on them. They are markers of success or of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’ s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person ’ s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: I were a teenage drop-out and now I am a teenage millionaire.The author’s attitude towards examinations is______.

A．abhorrent
B．approval
C．critical
D．indifferent
单项选择题

A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Several studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language. The main animal model for vocal learning has been birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two vocal organs and do not have the flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model of speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals. Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a full range of human-like vowels. Turn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique to humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. These recent studies show that there is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman primates. Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent both diverging and converging evolutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the developmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primarily for developmental studies. It is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If individuals can thrive without complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the complexity of gestural communication. Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and consider the multiple components of speech and language.We can infer from Paragraph 4 that_____.

A．nonhuman primates are of great significance in studying the fountain of speech
B．the relationship between human speech and language is extremely complicated
C．fluent human conversation has no relationship with turn-taking
D．the vocal tracts of the mammals can produce human-like vowels
单项选择题

These days we hear lots of nonsense about the "great classless society". The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discarded. In a number of countries the victory has been completed. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it Close examination doesn ’t bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For aristocracy "read meritocracy"; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained. What is the first thing people do when they become rich They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.New meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent because_____.

A．money is a powerful weapon
B．private schools offer advantages over state schools
C．people are free to choose the way of educating their children
D．wealth is used for political ends
问答题

When you ask young person to tell the names of some famous movies and the chances are that many of those mentioned will be popular because of computer-generated special effects. Some movies such as "Star Wars" and "Harry Potter" rely heavily on computers to create special fantasy and space effects. 【C1】______However, genuinely "human" characters, indistinguishable from real actors, are still not quite possible, although we are getting very close to this elusive goal. The process of imagining and developing a computer-generated character is complex, involving many stages. The first stage is to design the look of the character, and to create a three-dimensional model on the computer. 【C2】______One way to achieve this is by building a real skeleton of the model. After using lasers to scan the real model into the computer, controls are added that allow the bones and muscles to be moved around. This is where computer animation comes in. Because people are so conscious of how "real" faces look, many detailed controls are needed on the computer to move the different features of the face. 【C3】______One way of achieving this is called motion capture, where a person acts out the character, and his movements are captured by video camera and uploaded into the computer.【C4】______These methods are often used together in creating an animated character; both of them are slow and painstaking, requiring hours of effort and planning. Enormous computer power is needed to make 【C5】______There were up to 160 people working on computer graphics for these three movies, which took approximately【B4】______million processing hours. It is estimated that the same process would have taken up to 200 years on a 4-gigahertz PC! However, despite all of this extremely sophisticated and expensive technology, creating a real human face is still a challenge for our animators. People are very sensitive to facial expressions. We can immediately pick if a face is not human, and we often have a strong reaction to this. The closer the face is to looking truly human, the more negative this reaction can be; this effect has been christened the "uncanny valley" by Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori. [A]However, most experts also advised that once the animation gets close enough to the real thing, we begin to feel positive about it once more. So, maybe future Tom Cruises or Lindsay Lohans will be computer generated, and we will never know the difference. [B]The model must be able to move in a realistic manner and, most importantly, its face must mirror human faces when it laughs, frowns or talks. [C]Others, such as the famous "Lord of the Rings" movies, created surprisingly lifelike humanoid characters using sophisticated computer-generated techniques. The creative effort that lies behind these creatures is amazing. [D]Another way is key-frame animation, where, instead of modeling actions from a real person, the animators use the controls to move all of the parts of the body and face to create movement on the screen. [E]Enormous computer is needed to make animation look real. For the "Lord of the Rings", thousands of processors and numerous workstations were used to create all of the characters and special effects. [F]Up to a hundred may be needed to move the muscles of the face, so that the character’ s eyes, skin, mouth and other features all look natural to our eyes. After designing all of the components of the face and body, and the computer controls, the character is ready to move, or be animated. [G]The real movie stars strive for improving their action so that they can attain more and more fans and become more famous, then enhance their appearance fee.【C1】
答案： 正确答案：C
单项选择题

The methods of testing a person’ s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. After all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skill of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’ s true ability and aptitude. As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none . That is because so much depends on them. They are markers of success or of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’ s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person ’ s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: I were a teenage drop-out and now I am a teenage millionaire.What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in the second paragraph

A．Examinations leave so great pressure to the students.
B．Anxiety-makers attach much importance to the examination.
C．The makers of examinations are more likely to be anxious.
D．Examinations are the first in importance.
单项选择题

Here are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life. 1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your life’s strategy. We have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do we devote to each of these pursuits Allocation choices can make your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. If you don’t invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I can’t help believing that their troubles relate right back to a short-term perspective. When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, they’ll unconsciously allocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’re moving forward. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typically doesn’ t offer the same immediate sense of achievement. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to under invest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and enduring source of happiness. If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over you’ll find this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, you’ll see that people allocating fewer and fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most. 2. Create a Family Culture. If employees embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that they’ve created a culture. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerful management tool. At the teen years, parents start wishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully toward one another, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Families have cultures, just as companies do. Those cultures can be built consciously. If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, you have to design them into family’ s culture and you have think about this very early on. Like employees, children build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and learning what works.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 is demonstrated______.

A．to present a comparison
B．to offer a definition
C．to provide further explanation
D．to illustrate career development
单项选择题

A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Several studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language. The main animal model for vocal learning has been birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two vocal organs and do not have the flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model of speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals. Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a full range of human-like vowels. Turn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique to humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. These recent studies show that there is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman primates. Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent both diverging and converging evolutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the developmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primarily for developmental studies. It is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If individuals can thrive without complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the complexity of gestural communication. Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and consider the multiple components of speech and language.The word "converging" (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to_____.

A．assembling
B．deviating
C．converting
D．convicting
单项选择题

These days we hear lots of nonsense about the "great classless society". The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discarded. In a number of countries the victory has been completed. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it Close examination doesn ’t bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For aristocracy "read meritocracy"; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained. What is the first thing people do when they become rich They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.According to the author, "class divisions" refers to_____.

A．the rich and the poor
B．different opportunities for people
C．oppressor and the oppressed
D．genius and stupidity
问答题

When you ask young person to tell the names of some famous movies and the chances are that many of those mentioned will be popular because of computer-generated special effects. Some movies such as "Star Wars" and "Harry Potter" rely heavily on computers to create special fantasy and space effects. 【C1】______However, genuinely "human" characters, indistinguishable from real actors, are still not quite possible, although we are getting very close to this elusive goal. The process of imagining and developing a computer-generated character is complex, involving many stages. The first stage is to design the look of the character, and to create a three-dimensional model on the computer. 【C2】______One way to achieve this is by building a real skeleton of the model. After using lasers to scan the real model into the computer, controls are added that allow the bones and muscles to be moved around. This is where computer animation comes in. Because people are so conscious of how "real" faces look, many detailed controls are needed on the computer to move the different features of the face. 【C3】______One way of achieving this is called motion capture, where a person acts out the character, and his movements are captured by video camera and uploaded into the computer.【C4】______These methods are often used together in creating an animated character; both of them are slow and painstaking, requiring hours of effort and planning. Enormous computer power is needed to make 【C5】______There were up to 160 people working on computer graphics for these three movies, which took approximately【B4】______million processing hours. It is estimated that the same process would have taken up to 200 years on a 4-gigahertz PC! However, despite all of this extremely sophisticated and expensive technology, creating a real human face is still a challenge for our animators. People are very sensitive to facial expressions. We can immediately pick if a face is not human, and we often have a strong reaction to this. The closer the face is to looking truly human, the more negative this reaction can be; this effect has been christened the "uncanny valley" by Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori. [A]However, most experts also advised that once the animation gets close enough to the real thing, we begin to feel positive about it once more. So, maybe future Tom Cruises or Lindsay Lohans will be computer generated, and we will never know the difference. [B]The model must be able to move in a realistic manner and, most importantly, its face must mirror human faces when it laughs, frowns or talks. [C]Others, such as the famous "Lord of the Rings" movies, created surprisingly lifelike humanoid characters using sophisticated computer-generated techniques. The creative effort that lies behind these creatures is amazing. [D]Another way is key-frame animation, where, instead of modeling actions from a real person, the animators use the controls to move all of the parts of the body and face to create movement on the screen. [E]Enormous computer is needed to make animation look real. For the "Lord of the Rings", thousands of processors and numerous workstations were used to create all of the characters and special effects. [F]Up to a hundred may be needed to move the muscles of the face, so that the character’ s eyes, skin, mouth and other features all look natural to our eyes. After designing all of the components of the face and body, and the computer controls, the character is ready to move, or be animated. [G]The real movie stars strive for improving their action so that they can attain more and more fans and become more famous, then enhance their appearance fee.【C2】
答案： 正确答案：B
单项选择题

The methods of testing a person’ s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. After all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skill of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’ s true ability and aptitude. As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none . That is because so much depends on them. They are markers of success or of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’ s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person ’ s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: I were a teenage drop-out and now I am a teenage millionaire.According to the author, the most important aspect of a good education is_____.

A．to encourage students to read widely
B．to train students to think on their own
C．to teach students how to tackle exams
D．to master his fate
单项选择题

Here are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life. 1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your life’s strategy. We have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do we devote to each of these pursuits Allocation choices can make your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. If you don’t invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I can’t help believing that their troubles relate right back to a short-term perspective. When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, they’ll unconsciously allocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’re moving forward. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typically doesn’ t offer the same immediate sense of achievement. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to under invest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and enduring source of happiness. If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over you’ll find this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, you’ll see that people allocating fewer and fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most. 2. Create a Family Culture. If employees embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that they’ve created a culture. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerful management tool. At the teen years, parents start wishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully toward one another, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Families have cultures, just as companies do. Those cultures can be built consciously. If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, you have to design them into family’ s culture and you have think about this very early on. Like employees, children build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and learning what works.A common cause of failure in business and family relationships is______.

A．lack of resources
B．short-sightedness
C．shortage of time
D．decision by instinct
单项选择题

A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Several studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language. The main animal model for vocal learning has been birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two vocal organs and do not have the flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model of speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals. Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a full range of human-like vowels. Turn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique to humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. These recent studies show that there is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman primates. Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent both diverging and converging evolutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the developmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primarily for developmental studies. It is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If individuals can thrive without complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the complexity of gestural communication. Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and consider the multiple components of speech and language.The author’ s attitude toward studying nonhuman primates is one of_____.

A．full approval
B．severe criticism
C．passive acceptance
D．slight tolerance
单项选择题

Here are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life. 1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your life’s strategy. We have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do we devote to each of these pursuits Allocation choices can make your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. If you don’t invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I can’t help believing that their troubles relate right back to a short-term perspective. When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, they’ll unconsciously allocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’re moving forward. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typically doesn’ t offer the same immediate sense of achievement. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to under invest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and enduring source of happiness. If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over you’ll find this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, you’ll see that people allocating fewer and fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most. 2. Create a Family Culture. If employees embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that they’ve created a culture. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerful management tool. At the teen years, parents start wishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully toward one another, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Families have cultures, just as companies do. Those cultures can be built consciously. If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, you have to design them into family’ s culture and you have think about this very early on. Like employees, children build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and learning what works.One of the similar points between company culture and family culture is that______.

A．culture needs to be nurtured
B．cooperation is the basis
C．respect is the key
D．problem-solving ability is critical
单项选择题

These days we hear lots of nonsense about the "great classless society". The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discarded. In a number of countries the victory has been completed. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it Close examination doesn ’t bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For aristocracy "read meritocracy"; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained. What is the first thing people do when they become rich They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.What is the main idea of this passage

A．Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.
B．Equality means money.
C．There is no such society as classless society.
D．Nature can’t give you a classless society.
单项选择题

The methods of testing a person’ s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. After all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skill of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’ s true ability and aptitude. As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none . That is because so much depends on them. They are markers of success or of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’ s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person ’ s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: I were a teenage drop-out and now I am a teenage millionaire.Why does the author mention the court

A．To give an example.
B．To compare.
C．To show that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results of examinations.
D．To prove the results of court are more effective.
问答题

When you ask young person to tell the names of some famous movies and the chances are that many of those mentioned will be popular because of computer-generated special effects. Some movies such as "Star Wars" and "Harry Potter" rely heavily on computers to create special fantasy and space effects. 【C1】______However, genuinely "human" characters, indistinguishable from real actors, are still not quite possible, although we are getting very close to this elusive goal. The process of imagining and developing a computer-generated character is complex, involving many stages. The first stage is to design the look of the character, and to create a three-dimensional model on the computer. 【C2】______One way to achieve this is by building a real skeleton of the model. After using lasers to scan the real model into the computer, controls are added that allow the bones and muscles to be moved around. This is where computer animation comes in. Because people are so conscious of how "real" faces look, many detailed controls are needed on the computer to move the different features of the face. 【C3】______One way of achieving this is called motion capture, where a person acts out the character, and his movements are captured by video camera and uploaded into the computer.【C4】______These methods are often used together in creating an animated character; both of them are slow and painstaking, requiring hours of effort and planning. Enormous computer power is needed to make 【C5】______There were up to 160 people working on computer graphics for these three movies, which took approximately【B4】______million processing hours. It is estimated that the same process would have taken up to 200 years on a 4-gigahertz PC! However, despite all of this extremely sophisticated and expensive technology, creating a real human face is still a challenge for our animators. People are very sensitive to facial expressions. We can immediately pick if a face is not human, and we often have a strong reaction to this. The closer the face is to looking truly human, the more negative this reaction can be; this effect has been christened the "uncanny valley" by Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori. [A]However, most experts also advised that once the animation gets close enough to the real thing, we begin to feel positive about it once more. So, maybe future Tom Cruises or Lindsay Lohans will be computer generated, and we will never know the difference. [B]The model must be able to move in a realistic manner and, most importantly, its face must mirror human faces when it laughs, frowns or talks. [C]Others, such as the famous "Lord of the Rings" movies, created surprisingly lifelike humanoid characters using sophisticated computer-generated techniques. The creative effort that lies behind these creatures is amazing. [D]Another way is key-frame animation, where, instead of modeling actions from a real person, the animators use the controls to move all of the parts of the body and face to create movement on the screen. [E]Enormous computer is needed to make animation look real. For the "Lord of the Rings", thousands of processors and numerous workstations were used to create all of the characters and special effects. [F]Up to a hundred may be needed to move the muscles of the face, so that the character’ s eyes, skin, mouth and other features all look natural to our eyes. After designing all of the components of the face and body, and the computer controls, the character is ready to move, or be animated. [G]The real movie stars strive for improving their action so that they can attain more and more fans and become more famous, then enhance their appearance fee.【C3】
答案： 正确答案：F
单项选择题

A fundamental problem for understanding the evolution of human language has been the lack of significant parallels among nonhuman primates. Several studies found that nonhuman primates do not have a vocal tract. However, such points have been challenged by recent research, suggesting that nonhuman primates may after all be valuable models for understanding the evolution of speech and language. The main animal model for vocal learning has been birdsong acquisition. However, there are crucial differences between birdsong acquisition and human language learning. And given some severe limitations, for example, birds have two vocal organs and do not have the flexible supralaryn-geal structures that facilitate speech, of birdsong as a model of speech, there is value in seeking other appropriate parallels among mammals. Recent studies on macaques and baboons have shown that the vocal tracts of these monkeys can produce a full range of human-like vowels. Turn-taking is a key to fluent human conversation and has been thought to be unique to humans. One study found that captive chimpanzees increasingly share resources when resources are diminished. Collaborative turn-taking for food has been seen in other primates. These recent studies show that there is value in looking for the evolutionary origins of speech and language in nonhuman primates. Human speech and language are highly complex systems with multiple components. Thus, to fully explain language origins, researchers must seek multiple models that represent both diverging and converging evolutionary processes. There may also be differences among primate species in the developmental processes that parallel human language acquisition. However, no studies have yet described vowel-like sounds in these monkeys, so marmosets and tamarins may be useful primarily for developmental studies. It is probable that early humans faced evolutionary pressures that differed from those encountered by other primates and that have made our complex communication system adaptive. Language may have been important for coordinating activities in large cooperative groups. If individuals can thrive without complex vocal signaling, there would be little motivation to push the communication further. Different sensory and motor systems may be important. We tend to evaluate language through a vocal / auditory system, whereas research on apes is beginning to illustrate the complexity of gestural communication. Nonhuman primates do not talk, but we should not expect them to. Each species has its own adaptations for communication. Nevertheless, there is much about language evolution that we can learn from nonhuman primates, provided that we study a variety of species and consider the multiple components of speech and language.Which of the following would be the best title for the text

A．Learning from Monkey "Talk"
B．Nonhuman Primates
C．The Evolution of Human Language
D．Seeking Multiple Models
问答题

When you ask young person to tell the names of some famous movies and the chances are that many of those mentioned will be popular because of computer-generated special effects. Some movies such as "Star Wars" and "Harry Potter" rely heavily on computers to create special fantasy and space effects. 【C1】______However, genuinely "human" characters, indistinguishable from real actors, are still not quite possible, although we are getting very close to this elusive goal. The process of imagining and developing a computer-generated character is complex, involving many stages. The first stage is to design the look of the character, and to create a three-dimensional model on the computer. 【C2】______One way to achieve this is by building a real skeleton of the model. After using lasers to scan the real model into the computer, controls are added that allow the bones and muscles to be moved around. This is where computer animation comes in. Because people are so conscious of how "real" faces look, many detailed controls are needed on the computer to move the different features of the face. 【C3】______One way of achieving this is called motion capture, where a person acts out the character, and his movements are captured by video camera and uploaded into the computer.【C4】______These methods are often used together in creating an animated character; both of them are slow and painstaking, requiring hours of effort and planning. Enormous computer power is needed to make 【C5】______There were up to 160 people working on computer graphics for these three movies, which took approximately【B4】______million processing hours. It is estimated that the same process would have taken up to 200 years on a 4-gigahertz PC! However, despite all of this extremely sophisticated and expensive technology, creating a real human face is still a challenge for our animators. People are very sensitive to facial expressions. We can immediately pick if a face is not human, and we often have a strong reaction to this. The closer the face is to looking truly human, the more negative this reaction can be; this effect has been christened the "uncanny valley" by Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori. [A]However, most experts also advised that once the animation gets close enough to the real thing, we begin to feel positive about it once more. So, maybe future Tom Cruises or Lindsay Lohans will be computer generated, and we will never know the difference. [B]The model must be able to move in a realistic manner and, most importantly, its face must mirror human faces when it laughs, frowns or talks. [C]Others, such as the famous "Lord of the Rings" movies, created surprisingly lifelike humanoid characters using sophisticated computer-generated techniques. The creative effort that lies behind these creatures is amazing. [D]Another way is key-frame animation, where, instead of modeling actions from a real person, the animators use the controls to move all of the parts of the body and face to create movement on the screen. [E]Enormous computer is needed to make animation look real. For the "Lord of the Rings", thousands of processors and numerous workstations were used to create all of the characters and special effects. [F]Up to a hundred may be needed to move the muscles of the face, so that the character’ s eyes, skin, mouth and other features all look natural to our eyes. After designing all of the components of the face and body, and the computer controls, the character is ready to move, or be animated. [G]The real movie stars strive for improving their action so that they can attain more and more fans and become more famous, then enhance their appearance fee.【C4】
答案： 正确答案：D
单项选择题

The methods of testing a person’ s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. After all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the skill of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’ s true ability and aptitude. As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none . That is because so much depends on them. They are markers of success or of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. Examiners are only human. Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. And their word carries weight. After a judge’ s decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner’s. There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person ’ s true abilities. Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them This is what it boils down to in the last analysis. The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: I were a teenage drop-out and now I am a teenage millionaire.The main idea of this passage is_____.

A．examinations exert a detrimental influence on education
B．examinations are ineffective
C．examinations are profitable for institutions
D．examinations are a burden on students
单项选择题

Here are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life. 1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your life’s strategy. We have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do we devote to each of these pursuits Allocation choices can make your life turn out to be very different from what you intended. If you don’t invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I think about people who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I can’t help believing that their troubles relate right back to a short-term perspective. When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, they’ll unconsciously allocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’re moving forward. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typically doesn’ t offer the same immediate sense of achievement. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to under invest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and enduring source of happiness. If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over you’ll find this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, you’ll see that people allocating fewer and fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most. 2. Create a Family Culture. If employees embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that they’ve created a culture. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerful management tool. At the teen years, parents start wishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully toward one another, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Families have cultures, just as companies do. Those cultures can be built consciously. If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, you have to design them into family’ s culture and you have think about this very early on. Like employees, children build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and learning what works.Which of the following would be the best tittle for the text

A．The Bottom Line on Happiness.
B．Good Management Theory.
C．Use Your Resources Wisely.
D．The Children’s Strong Self-esteem.
问答题

When you ask young person to tell the names of some famous movies and the chances are that many of those mentioned will be popular because of computer-generated special effects. Some movies such as "Star Wars" and "Harry Potter" rely heavily on computers to create special fantasy and space effects. 【C1】______However, genuinely "human" characters, indistinguishable from real actors, are still not quite possible, although we are getting very close to this elusive goal. The process of imagining and developing a computer-generated character is complex, involving many stages. The first stage is to design the look of the character, and to create a three-dimensional model on the computer. 【C2】______One way to achieve this is by building a real skeleton of the model. After using lasers to scan the real model into the computer, controls are added that allow the bones and muscles to be moved around. This is where computer animation comes in. Because people are so conscious of how "real" faces look, many detailed controls are needed on the computer to move the different features of the face. 【C3】______One way of achieving this is called motion capture, where a person acts out the character, and his movements are captured by video camera and uploaded into the computer.【C4】______These methods are often used together in creating an animated character; both of them are slow and painstaking, requiring hours of effort and planning. Enormous computer power is needed to make 【C5】______There were up to 160 people working on computer graphics for these three movies, which took approximately【B4】______million processing hours. It is estimated that the same process would have taken up to 200 years on a 4-gigahertz PC! However, despite all of this extremely sophisticated and expensive technology, creating a real human face is still a challenge for our animators. People are very sensitive to facial expressions. We can immediately pick if a face is not human, and we often have a strong reaction to this. The closer the face is to looking truly human, the more negative this reaction can be; this effect has been christened the "uncanny valley" by Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori. [A]However, most experts also advised that once the animation gets close enough to the real thing, we begin to feel positive about it once more. So, maybe future Tom Cruises or Lindsay Lohans will be computer generated, and we will never know the difference. [B]The model must be able to move in a realistic manner and, most importantly, its face must mirror human faces when it laughs, frowns or talks. [C]Others, such as the famous "Lord of the Rings" movies, created surprisingly lifelike humanoid characters using sophisticated computer-generated techniques. The creative effort that lies behind these creatures is amazing. [D]Another way is key-frame animation, where, instead of modeling actions from a real person, the animators use the controls to move all of the parts of the body and face to create movement on the screen. [E]Enormous computer is needed to make animation look real. For the "Lord of the Rings", thousands of processors and numerous workstations were used to create all of the characters and special effects. [F]Up to a hundred may be needed to move the muscles of the face, so that the character’ s eyes, skin, mouth and other features all look natural to our eyes. After designing all of the components of the face and body, and the computer controls, the character is ready to move, or be animated. [G]The real movie stars strive for improving their action so that they can attain more and more fans and become more famous, then enhance their appearance fee.【C5】
答案： 正确答案：E
问答题

Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news," noted one observer. 【F1】 Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper. The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. 【F2】 The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media. Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. 【F3】 The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries. Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, 【F4】 people have been keeping up with events in profoundly different ways, most strikingly among which is that ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere, report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. 【F5】 And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets. In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure.【F1】
答案： 正确答案：1833年第一个面向大众的报纸——《纽约太阳报》让这一切发生了变化，《纽约太阳报》率先利用广告减少新闻的花费，...
问答题

Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news," noted one observer. 【F1】 Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper. The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. 【F2】 The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media. Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. 【F3】 The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries. Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, 【F4】 people have been keeping up with events in profoundly different ways, most strikingly among which is that ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere, report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. 【F5】 And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets. In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure.【F2】
答案： 正确答案：随着相对较少的公司掌控着新闻媒体，跟随广播和电视而来的廉价报刊将新闻从一种双向的交流转变为一种单向的交流。
问答题

Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news," noted one observer. 【F1】 Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper. The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. 【F2】 The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media. Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. 【F3】 The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries. Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, 【F4】 people have been keeping up with events in profoundly different ways, most strikingly among which is that ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere, report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. 【F5】 And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets. In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure.【F3】
答案： 正确答案：互联网使新闻变得更易参与、更社会化、更多样，复苏了大众媒体之前的具有散漫特征的新闻时代。
问答题

Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news," noted one observer. 【F1】 Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper. The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. 【F2】 The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media. Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. 【F3】 The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries. Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, 【F4】 people have been keeping up with events in profoundly different ways, most strikingly among which is that ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere, report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. 【F5】 And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets. In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure.【F4】
答案： 正确答案：人们一直用极其不同的方式紧跟各种各样的事件，其中最为显著的方式是普通人越来越多地参与采编、分享、过滤、讨论和传...
问答题

Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news," noted one observer. 【F1】 Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper. The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. 【F2】 The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media. Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. 【F3】 The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries. Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, 【F4】 people have been keeping up with events in profoundly different ways, most strikingly among which is that ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere, report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. 【F5】 And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets. In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure.【F5】
答案： 正确答案：互联网也使得全新的新闻报道方式成为可能，比如维基解密所实行的途径，它为揭秘者提供匿名的方式来发布信息。
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