Discuss the cohesive devices used to organize a text and relate them to English / Chinese translation.(with your own examples if possible)(天津师范大学2006研，考试科目：英美文化文学与英汉互译<翻译方向>)

答案：正确答案：Cohesive devices are typically words or phrases that ba...

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单项选择题
Coincidentally, the triple principles of translation put forward by Yan Fu in China are very similar to the three principles of translation proposed by______in the west.
A．John Dryden
B．Alexander Tytler
C．Gideon Toury
D．George Steiner
单项选择题
The principle of "functionality plus loyalty" is put forward by______.
A．Katharina Reiss
B．Hans Vermeer
C．Christiane Nord
D．Eugene Nida
单项选择题
Chinese translations which have been conveniently simplified and made easy are like wine diluted with water. "This famous remark about the quality of a translation is made by______.
A．Zhi Qian(支谦)
B．Dao An(道安)
C．Xuan Zang(玄奘)
D．Hui Yuan(慧远)
单项选择题
Which of the following translation methods is the closest to the target language readers
A．word-for-word translation
B．semantic translation
C．faithful translation
D．communicative translation
单项选择题
Who is the representative figure of the Manipulation School in translation studies
A．Peter Newmark
B．Lawrence Venuti
C．Andre Lefevere
D．Ernst-August Gutt
单项选择题
Some well-known translators or translation theorists in China have put forward different criteria to evaluate the quality of a translation. Among them, " Resemblance in spirit" is advocated by______.
A．Qian Zhongshu
B．Fu Lei
C．Lu Xun
D．Lin Yutang
单项选择题
The three types of translation, namely metaphrase, paraphrase and imitation, are proposed by______.
A．Roman Jakobson
B．Martin Luther
C．John Dryden
D．Alexander Pope
问答题
Paraphrase and Comment. In this part there are two passages about translation theories. Read the passages carefully.paraphrase the underlined parts and make some comments upon each passage in English on your ANSWER SHEET according to your own understanding. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
答案：正确答案：The text is the definition proposed by Eugene Nida. By"...
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A translator with his eye on his readership is likely to under-translate , to use more general words in the interests of clarity, simplicity and sometimes brevity, which makes him " omit" to translate words altogether.
答案：正确答案：If the loss of meaning in translation entails an increa...
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The committee couldn"t reach agreement and decided to table the bill.
答案：正确答案：委员会各成员未能达成统一意见，因此决定先行搁置该议案。
问答题
Base your renderings on the semantic translation and communicative translation proposed by Peter Ne-wmark and tell them apart with your illustrations.(浙江大学2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)(1)Semantic translation(针对 native speakers of English):(2)Communicative translation(针对 Chinese learners of English):
答案：正确答案：Semantic translation and communicative translation are ...
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Identify the most explicit translation method adopted in the following translations and explain how it is used．(武汉大学2013研，考试科目：英语综合<语言学、文学、翻译>) 1．The oil of the world will have been used up，and man will be using the more convenient power obtained from the splitting of the atom．译文：全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用从原子分裂获得的这种更为方便的动力。 2．The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered snch a widespread defeat，which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House．译文：在一次记者招待会上，问题集中于昨天的选举结果，总统就此发表了讲话。他说他不能够解释为什么共和党遭到了如此大的失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众院中长期享有的优势。
答案：正确答案：1. Passive voice is prevalent in English in that it giv...
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Compare and analyze the following ST and TT and evaluate the TT in about 100 words．(武汉大学2013研，考试科目：英语综合<语言学、文学、翻译>) ST：人们可沿岩壁凿出的石径走过峡谷，也可从某处乘橡皮舟划过水潭。满山巨石怪崖，更有深潭碧水，悬崖上多处瀑布骤然跌落，直下峭壁。当地人讲，这里夏季凉爽宜人，冬季温暖如春，生活在此，如居天上人间。 TT: People can pass through the gorge by walking along the stone path cut from the rock walls, or in some places can row across the pools in rubber boats. Everywhere you can see huge rocks and grotesque cliffs, clean water in deep pools, and from precipices waterfalls abruptly fall down. The local people say, it" s cool and nice here in summer and as warm as spring in winter. Living here is as if living in a fairyland.
答案：正确答案：The original is a tourism text, thus according to Peter...
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Give your comments on the following statement with your understanding in about 200 words．(武汉大学2013研，考试科目：英语综合<语言学、文学、翻译>) One difficulty in translation lies in matching concepts. Some concepts are culture-specific and others culture-general. It is impossible to translate perfectly culture-specific concepts.
答案：正确答案：Language is the carrier, container, and instrument of c...
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Explain the following terms in English．(武汉大学2012研，考试科目：综合英语<语言学、文学、翻译学>) Communicative Translation
答案：正确答案：In communicative translation, the translator attempts t...
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Domesticating method
答案：正确答案：Domesticating method refers to the translation strategy...
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Dynamic Translation
答案：正确答案：Dynamic Translation often refers to the dynamic equival...
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Discuss the cohesive devices used to organize a text and relate them to English / Chinese translation.(with your own examples if possible)(天津师范大学2006研，考试科目：英美文化文学与英汉互译<翻译方向>)
答案：正确答案：Cohesive devices are typically words or phrases that ba...
问答题
Define in your own words the term equivalence as it is used in translation studies, and then discuss the concept by referring to what Susan Bassnett has to say in her Translation Studies.(天津师范大学2006研，考试科目：英美文化文学与英汉互译<翻译方向>)
答案：正确答案：Equivalence refers to the extent of the relationships t...
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Distinguish between the following "faux amis" and "amis fideles" by rendering them into Chinese.(浙江大学2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)They suggest tabling the question in Parliament.
答案：正确答案：他们建议把该问题提交给议会讨论。